8 Ozonation of p-Nitro-N,N-Dimethylaniline
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PER
KOLSAKER
Universitetets Kjemiske Institutt, Blindern/Oslo BRITA
3, Norway
TEIGE
Odontologisk Institutt for Fysiologi og Biokjemi, Blindern/Oslo
The reaction studied.
of p - n i t r o - N , N - d i m e t h y l a n i l i n e with ozone
Only
side-chain
oxidation
oxide,
No N-oxide
could
be
dimeric per-
obtained.
2-carboxy-4-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline,
- N , N - d i m e t h y l a n i l i n e , and ized.
a
di-[(N-methyl-N-p-nitrophenyl)aminomethyl]
were formed.
comparison
was
p-nitro-N-
products,
- m e t h y l a n i l i n e , p - n i t r o - N - m e t h y l f o r m a n i l i d e , and peroxide,
3, Norway
A mechanism
is
N,N-dimethylaniline
For
p-chlorowere
ozon-
proposed.
^ V z o n a t i o n of t e r t i a r y a l i p h a t i c amines has r e c e i v e d some a t t e n t i o n i n recent years. A m i n e oxide f o r m a t i o n was e s t a b l i s h e d l o n g ago ( 1 ). O x i d a t i o n of a l k y l groups w a s r e p o r t e d b y H e n b e s t a n d S t r a t f o r d S h u l m a n ( 3 ) , a n d B a i l e y et al. (4, 5 ) .
(2),
F o r m a t i o n of a m i n e h y d r o c h l o -
rides w a s e s t a b l i s h e d w h e n c h l o r i n a t e d solvents w e r e u s e d ( 2 - 5 ) .
De-
a l k y l a t e d p r o d u c t s w e r e f o r m e d (2, 4, 5 ) , a n d amides w e r e f o u n d b y the same authors (2-^5). I n a p r e v i o u s p a p e r ( 6 ) w e r e p o r t e d o n the o z o n a t i o n of 2-carboxy4-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline (I)
and p-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline
(IVc).
N - o x i d e s w e r e n o t f o u n d i n these cases, a n d the p r o d u c t s f o r m e d i n d i c a t e d o n l y s i d e - c h a i n o x i d a t i o n . T h e i n t e r m e d i a c y of a c a r b i n o l a m i n e I I is i n d i c a t e d b y t h e f o r m a t i o n of the lactone I I I . C H
3\
^
C H
3
C
H
3 \
M
/
C
H
2
O
H
C H
3\
K I
/ «ÎÎ2 C
C
H
3\
M
/
C
H
3
a:X = H b:X = Cl c:X=N0 N0
2
II
III
IV
101 In Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds; Bailey, P.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1972.
2
102
OZONE REACTIONS W I T H ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Table I.
Ozonation of 2-Carboxy-4-nitro-2V,N-dimethylaniline Demethylated Starting Material,
Solvent CH C1 EtOAc MeOH 2
%
Lactone (III),
81 71 64
2
%
18 28 32
D e m e t h y l a t e d s t a r t i n g m a t e r i a l was also a p r o d u c t of the Downloaded by UNIV MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST on August 28, 2013 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: June 1, 1972 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1972-0112.ch008
(I)
ozonation.
P r o d u c t c o m p o s i t i o n v a r i e d w i t h solvent as s h o w n i n T a b l e I. W h e n p-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline (IVc)
w a s o z o n i z e d at 0 ° C i n
e t h y l acetate, m e t h y l e n e c h l o r i d e , or m e t h a n o l , a m i x t u r e of resulted.
products
I n a d d i t i o n to the e x p e c t e d s i d e - c h a i n o x i d a t i o n p r o d u c t s —
p-nitro-N-methylaniline
( V c ),
p-nitro-N-methyl formanilide
peroxide compound was formed.
(Vic ) —a
T h i s p e r o x i d e , w h i c h is n o t
u n t i l the solvents are r e m o v e d , w a s s h o w n b y a series of
formed
experiments
( d e s c r i b e d b e l o w ) to b e i d e n t i c a l w i t h d i - [ ( N - m e t h y l - p - n i t r o p h e n y l ) aminomethyl] peroxide ( V I I ) .
D e o x y g e n a t i o n of V I I w i t h t r i e t h y l p h o s
p h i t e ( 7 ) y i e l d e d the ether V I I I , w h i c h i n t u r n d e c o m p o s e d at its m e l t i n g p o i n t to t h e a m i n e I X .
Χ
X
V
VI
N0
N0
2
VIII
2
VII
α:Χ = Η , b:X = CI , c : X = N 0
N0
N0
2
2
2
N0
N0
2
2
IX
W e n o w r e p o r t o u r results w h e n the e x p e r i m e n t a l c o n d i t i o n s are s y s t e m a t i c a l l y v a r i e d . O z o n a t i o n s of some other Ν,Ν-dimethylanilines are also i n c l u d e d . T h e results are g i v e n i n T a b l e I I . Experimental General. T h e o z o n a t i o n p r o c e d u r e s are those d e s c r i b e d i n t h e l i t e r a ture, b o t h u s i n g ozone—oxygen a n d o z o n e - n i t r o g e n . O x y g e n analyses
In Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds; Bailey, P.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1972.
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8.
KOLSAKER AND T E i G E
Ozonation
of p-Nitro-N,Ν-Dimethy
laniline
103
w e r e p e r f o r m e d u s i n g a B e c k m a n F 3 o x y g e n a n a l y z e r as d e s c r i b e d p r e v i ously ( 8 ) . Gas l i q u i d chromatographic ( G L C ) determinations were c a r r i e d out w i t h a n A e r o g r a p h m o d e l A 700, u s i n g a n 8.5-ft X 0.25-inch c o l u m n of p o l y e t h y l e n e g l y c o l 2 0 M ( 3 0 % o n C h r o m o s o r b W H M D S , 6 0 / 8 0 m e s h ) f o r E x p e r i m e n t s 1 a n d 2. P r o t o n m a g n e t i c resonance ( P M R ) s p e c t r a w e r e r e c o r d e d o n a V a r i a n A 6 0 A spectrometer u s i n g o r d i n a r y c h l o r o f o r m as solvent a n d t e t r a m e t h y l s i l a n e as i n t e r n a l reference. M e l t i n g points w e r e not c o r r e c t e d . Materials. 2 - C a r b o x y - 4 - n i t r o - N , N - d i m e t h y l a n i l i n e ( I ) w a s s y n t h e s i z e d f r o m its c h l o r o a n a l o g w i t h d i m e t h y l a m i n e ( a q u e o u s s o l u t i o n ) , mp 164°-166°C. p-Chloro-N,IV-dimethylaniline ( I V b ) and N,N-dim e t h y l a n i l i n e ( I V a ) w e r e c o m m e r c i a l l y a v a i l a b l e i n the p u r e state a n d w e r e u s e d as s u p p l i e d . p - N i t r o - N , N - d i m e t h y l a n i l i n e ( I V c ) w a s p r e p a r e d from p-nitrochlorobenzene a n d dimethylamine ( 9 ) ; m p 166°C. Ozonation of 2-Carboxy-4-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline (I)· The a m i n e (2.10 grams, 10 m m o l e s ) was d i s s o l v e d i n the a p p r o p r i a t e solvents ( 200 m l m e t h a n o l , e t h y l acetate, or m e t h y l e n e c h l o r i d e ) a n d o z o n i z e d at 0 ° C w i t h e q u i m o l a r amounts of o z o n e ; q u a n t i t a t i v e a b s o r p t i o n o c c u r r e d . N e a r the e n d of t h e o z o n a t i o n t i m e , a p r e c i p i t a t e f o r m e d . I n ozonations i n m e t h a n o l this substance was i d e n t i c a l w i t h l a c t o n e I I I ; m p 1 7 6 ° - 1 7 7 ° C . , p r e p a r e d a c c o r d i n g to V i l l i g e r (10). I n the other solvents the i n s o l u b l e p r o d u c t w a s the d e m e t h y l a t e d s t a r t i n g m a t e r i a l , m p 2 6 5 ° - 2 6 8 ° C ( d e c ) ; r e p o r t e d m p 2 6 3 ° - 2 6 4 ° C (11). T h e m o t h e r l i q u o r was e v a p o r a t e d , a n d the t w o c o m p o u n d s w e r e s e p a r a t e d b y f r a c t i o n a l c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n . T h e results are s h o w n i n T a b l e I. Ozonation of N,N-dimethylaniline (IVa). T h e amine (10 mmoles) was d i s s o l v e d i n m e t h y l e n e c h l o r i d e (150 m l ) a n d o z o n i z e d at — 7 8 ° C w i t h 10 m m o l e s of o z o n e ( n i t r o g e n as c a r r i e r gas) (12); q u a n t i t a t i v e a b s o r p t i o n o c c u r r e d . T h e s o l u t i o n b e c a m e d a r k b r o w n , a n d finally a t a r r y substance s e p a r a t e d out. T h i s substance, w h i c h a d h e r e d to the w a l l s of the o z o n a t i o n vessel, w a s r e p e a t e d l y d i g e s t e d w i t h m e t h y l e n e c h l o r i d e . T h e c o m b i n e d m e t h y l e n e c h l o r i d e extracts, after w a s h i n g w i t h w a t e r , w e r e c o n c e n t r a t e d a n d a n a l y z e d b y G L C . T h e results are s h o w n in Table II. Ozonation of £-Chloro-N,N-dimethylaniline ( I V b ) . T h e a m i n e ( 1 0 m m o l e s ) w a s d i s s o l v e d i n m e t h y l e n e c h l o r i d e (100 m l ) a n d o z o n i z e d at —78 ° C w i t h 10 m m o l e s of ozone. Q u a n t i t a t i v e a b s o r p t i o n o c c u r r e d . T h e solution was carefully washed w i t h water a n d then analyzed b y G L C . F o r the results see T a b l e I I . Ozonation of ^-Nitro-2V,2V-dimethylaniline ( I V c ) . C o n c e n t r a t i o n , t e m p e r a t u r e , a n d solvents w e r e v a r i e d as s h o w n i n T a b l e I I . I n a t y p i c a l r u n , 5 m m o l e s of a m i n e w e r e d i s s o l v e d i n 200 m l of e t h y l acetate a n d o z o n i z e d at 0 ° C w i t h 5 m m o l e s ozone, u s i n g n i t r o g e n as c a r r i e r gas; q u a n t i t a t i v e a b s o r p t i o n o c c u r r e d . T h e exit gas w a s a n a l y z e d for m o l e c u l a r o x y g e n . A f t e r the s o l u t i o n h a d c o m e to r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e , i t was still clear a n d h o m o g e n e o u s . T h e solvent was e v a p o r a t e d , a n d the r e s i d u e was d r i e d a n d w e i g h e d . E t h y l acetate (200 m l ) was a d d e d . A y e l l o w c o m p o u n d ( V I I ) was n o w i n s o l u b l e a n d was r e m o v e d b y filtration. T h e filtrate was e v a p o r a t e d , a n d the r e s i d u e was e x a m i n e d b y P M R . T h e amounts of p - n i t r o - I V , N - d i m e t h y l a n i l i n e ( I V c , s t a r t i n g m a t e r i a l ) , p - n i t r o N - m e t h y l a n i l i n e ( V ) , a n d p - n i t r o - N - m e t h y l f o r m a n i l i d e ( V I ) w e r e esti-
In Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds; Bailey, P.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1972.
104
OZONE REACTIONS W I T H ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Table II.
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Expt.
Compound
Amine, mmoles
O /0 mmoles s
2
Ozonation
O /N mmoles
Solvent (ml)
Temp., °C
10
CH C1 (150) CH C1 (100) EtOAC(200) EtOAc(200)
-78 -78 -78 -78
5 5 5 10
MeOAc(200) CH C1 (200) EtOAc(200) EtOAc(lOO) EtOAc(200) MeOAc(200) CH C1 (200) EtOAc(lOO) EtOAc(200) EtOAc(200) EtOAc(200) MeOAc(200) CH C1 (200) EtOAc(200) EtOAc(200) MeOAc(200) CH C1 (200) EtOAc(200)
-78 -78 -40 -40 -40 -40 -40 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 25 25 25 -78 -40
s
2
1 2 3 4
IV IV IV IV
a b c c
10 10 10 5
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV IV
c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c c
5 5 10 10 5 5 5 10 10 5 5 5 5 10 5 5 5 5
23
IV c
5
10
EtOAc(200)
24
IV c
5
10
EtOAc(200)
0
25
IV c
5
10
EtOAc(200)
25
26 27 28 29
IV IV IV IV
5 5 5 5
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
EtOAc(200) EtOAc(200) EtOAc(200) EtOAc(200)
-78 -40 0 25
c c c c
10 10 5 5 5 10 10 5 5 5 10 10 5 5 5 5 10
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
m a t e d b y m e a s u r i n g the i n t e g r a t e d areas for the N - m e t h y l protons. T h e l i m i t of error i n s u c h a d e t e r m i n a t i o n is p r o b a b l y a r o u n d 5 % . Insoluble Compound VII. T h i s c o m p o u n d m e l t e d at 1 7 6 ° - 1 7 7 ° C ( a c e t o n i t r i l e - w a t e r ) . It w a s i d e n t i c a l ( b y i n f r a r e d ) w i t h t h e p r o d u c t obtained when p-nitro-N-methylaniline, formaldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide were heated i n ethanol ( 7 ) . ACTIVE OXYGEN CONTENT.
A
t o t a l of
181.2
mg
(0.5
mmole)
of
VII
w e r e d i s s o l v e d i n 7 5 m l of a c e t o n i t r i l e ; 1 g r a m of s o d i u m i o d i d e i n 2 5 m l a c e t o n i t r i l e w a s a d d e d , a n d n i t r o g e n w a s p a s s e d t h r o u g h the s o l u t i o n . N o r e a c t i o n o c c u r r e d ; w h e n 2 m l p e r c h l o r i c a c i d ( 6 0 % ) w e r e a d d e d , the
In Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds; Bailey, P.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1972.
8.
KOLSAKER AND T E i G E
Ozonation
105
of p-Nitro-N,N-Dimethylaniline
Experiments
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Products 02, mmoles
V, mmoles (%)
VI, mmoles (%)
VII, mmoles (%)
Rec. IV, mmoles (%)
7.9 — 6.5 4.0-4.7
1.0(10) 1.7(17) 0 0
0 0 0 0
4.4 4.5 6.9 — 4.1 4.1 3.9 n.c. 9.0 — 4.1 4.0 3.4 — 4.0 4.3 3.3 7.9
0 2.6(52) 1.7(17) 0.6(6) 0.7(14) 0.9(18) 2.1(42) 0.8(8) 1.1(11) 1.0(20) 0.8(16) 0.6(12) 1.5(30) 0.3(3) 0 traces 1.3(26) 0
2.0(20) 2.6(26) 1.3(13) 0.5-1.0 (10-20) 1.3(26) 1.2(24) 2.5(25) 2.7(27) 1.8(36) 1.7(34) 1.2(24) 2.7(27) 3.3(33) 1.4(28) 1.5(30) 1.6(32) 1.2(24) 3.5(35) 1.8(36) 1.2(24) 1.3(26) 2.3(46)
0.1(4) 0.6(24) 1.6(32) 1.5(30) 0.8(32) 0.7(28) 0.7(28) 1.9(38) 2.2(44) 0.9(36) 1.0(40) 0.9(36) 0.7(28) 2.2(44) 1.0(40) 0.7(28) 0.8(32) 0
2.4(24) 2.0(20) 8.7(87) 4.0^.5 (80-90) 3.5(70) 0 2.7(27) 4.4(44) 0.8(16) 0.9(18) 0.2(4) 2.7(27) 1.3(13) 0.8(16) 0.7(14) 0.9(18) 0.7(14) 1.6(16) 1.2(24) 2.2(44) 0.8(16) 2.5(50)
8.4
0
3.3(66)
0
traces
6.1
0
3.7(74)
0
0
6.9
0
4.3(86)
0
0
2.1 1.9 1.5 1.3
0 0 0 0
0 0.6(12) 0.6(12) 0.5(10)
0 0.4(16) 0.5(20) 0.3(12)
5.0(100) 3.6(72) 3.3(66) 3.9(78)
Remarks tar f o r m a t i o n tar f o r m a t i o n several r u n s
no o x y g e n a n a l y s i s
0.3 m m o l e s (12%) 0.9 m m o l e s (36%) 0.7 m m o l e s (28%) 0.4 m m o l e s (16%)
diperoxide diperoxide diperoxide diperoxide
b r o w n c o l o r of i o d i n e a p p e a r e d i m m e d i a t e l y . A f t e r 20 m i n u t e s at r o o m t e m p e r a t u r e t h e s o l u t i o n w a s t i t r a t e d w i t h 0 . 1 N s o d i u m thiosulfate. T h e e n d p o i n t w a s difficult to observe, b u t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 0 - 1 1 m l of titer s o l u t i o n w e r e u s e d , c o r r e s p o n d i n g to a b o u t 1 0 0 % a c t i v e oxygen. S o l i d sodium bicarbonate was then added, a n d the acetonitrile was evaporated. Y e l l o w crystals w e r e filtered off, m e l t i n g at 1 5 0 ° - 1 5 2 ° C . I n f r a r e d s p e c t r a ( K B r p e l l e t ) c o n f i r m e d the i d e n t i t y of t h e substance as p - n i t r o - N - m e t h y l a n i l i n e ( V ) ; the y i e l d w a s 133 m g ( 8 7 . 5 % ). T H E R M A L D E C O M P O S I T I O N : C o m p o u n d V I I (101.7 m g ) w a s h e a t e d neat at 1 5 5 ° C ( b o i l i n g a n i s o l e ) . A n i n f r a r e d s p e c t r u m ( K B r p e l l e t ) of
In Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds; Bailey, P.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1972.
106
OZONE REACTIONS W I T H ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
the r e s i d u e s h o w e d it to be i d e n t i c a l w i t h p - n i t r o - N - m e t h y l f o r m a n i l i d e ( V I ) ; the y i e l d w a s 96 m g ( 9 5 % ). REACTION WITH T R I E T H Y L PHOSPHITE (7).
Refluxing V I I
6
1 6
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in
triethyl
p h o s p h i t e y i e l d e d a v e r y i n s o l u b l e c o m p o u n d ( V I I I ) m e l t i n g at 1 7 7 ° 1 7 8 ° C . ( F o u n d : C 55.4, H 5.3, Ν 26.4. C a l e . ( C i H N 0 ) : C 55.5, Η 5.2, Ν 16.2). D E C O M P O S I T I O N O F V I I I . H e a t i n g V I I I neat at its m e l t i n g p o i n t y i e l d e d I X ; m p 2 7 6 ° - 2 7 8 ° C ( F o u n d : C 56.9, Η 5.1, Ν 17.3. C a l e . ( C i 5 H N 0 ) : C 57.0, H 5.1, Ν 17.7). C o m p o u n d I X c o u l d also b e synthesized from p-nitro-N-methylaniline and formaldehyde. Ozonation of £-Nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline with T w o Mole E q u i v a lents of Ozone. T h e p r o d u c t s f r o m this o z o n a t i o n w e r e o b t a i n e d a n d a n a l y z e d b y the same p r o c e d u r e as for the e q u i m o l a r runs. T h e i n s o l u b l e c o m p o u n d ( X V I I I ) m e l t e d at 1 5 0 ° C . ( F o u n d : C 49.0, Η 4.4, Ν 14.3. C a l e . ( C i H N 0 ) : C 49.0, H 4.1, Ν 14.3). 4
6
1 8
4
5
4
1 6
4
8
Results ( 1 ) T h e r e seems to b e no significant difference i n p r o d u c t y i e l d s u s i n g either o z o n e - o x y g e n or ozone—nitrogen (e.g., E x p e r i m e n t s 14 a n d 1 5 ) . T h e s m a l l differences m a y b e the result of different rates of o z o n e delivery. ( 2 ) U s e of m e t h y l e n e c h l o r i d e as solvent consistently leads to h i g h e r y i e l d s of d e m e t h y l a t e d p r o d u c t ( V ) , a c c o m p a n i e d m o s t l y b y a decrease i n r e c o v e r e d s t a r t i n g m a t e r i a l . L o w e r o x y g e n y i e l d s are also o b s e r v e d at a l l temperatures except at — 7 8 ° C . ( 3 ) O z o n e appears to b e décomposée! b y p - n i t r o - N , N - d i m e t h y l a n i l i n e i n e t h y l a n d m e t h y l acetate at — 7 8 ° C (cf. E x p e r i m e n t s 3, 4, 5, a n d especially 26). ( 4 ) T h e o n l y t e m p e r a t u r e effect of a n y significance is o b s e r v e d i n e t h y l or m e t h y l acetate i n g o i n g f r o m — 4 0 ° to — 8 0 ° C ( E x p e r i m e n t s 4 and 9). ( 5 ) T h e h i g h e r y i e l d s of the f o r m a n i l i d e V I are a c c o m p a n i e d b y h i g h e r y i e l d s of the p e r o x i d e V I I . ( 6 ) S i n c e s t a r t i n g m a t e r i a l a l w a y s is r e c o v e r e d i n the e q u i m o l a r r u n s , the i n i t i a l attack of o z o n e m u s t b e s o m e w h a t s l o w e r t h a n one ( o r s e v e r a l ) of the subsequent steps i n v o l v i n g o z o n e a n d the p r i m a r y r e a c t i o n product(s). Discussion S e v e r a l authors ( I , 3, 4)
p r o p o s e t h a t o z o n e attacks amines electro-
p h i l i c a l l y at the n i t r o g e n lone p a i r . A d d i t i o n a l s u p p o r t for this comes f r o m the f o l l o w i n g o b s e r v a t i o n .
O z o n e passes u n c h a n g e d t h r o u g h s o l u -
t i o n of p - n i t r o - A ^ N - d i m e t h y l a n i l i n e ( I V c ) [or Ν,Ν-dimethylaniline ( I V a ) ] i n 7 0 % p e r c h l o r i c a c i d . D i l u t i n g the a c i d to about 2 0 - 2 5 % p r o d u c e s the y e l l o w color of u n p r o t o n a t e d a m i n e , a n d o z o n e is n o w a b s o r b e d q u a n t i tatively.
S i n c e the y e l l o w c o l o r of the free a m i n e ( I V c )
disappears i n
In Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds; Bailey, P.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1972.
8.
K O L S A K E R AND T E i G E
Ozonation
of p-Nitro-N,N-Dimethylaniline
107
c o n c e n t r a t e d a c i d s o l u t i o n , the a m i n e n i t r o g e n ( a n d not another p o i n t of the m o l e c u l e ) m u s t b e p r o t o n a t e d . NMR
studies s h o w that a m i d e s are p r o t o n a t e d at the o x y g e n a t o m ,
i n d i c a t i n g a l o w e r electron d e n s i t y at the n i t r o g e n a t o m i n a m i d e s t h a n e v e n i n p - n i t r o - N , N - d i m e t h y l a n i l i n e . A b o u t 5 0 % excess o z o n e h a d to be passed t h r o u g h a s o l u t i o n of Ν,Ν-dimethylbenzamide a n d as m u c h as 1 2 5 % excess t h r o u g h p - n i t r o - N , I V - d i m e t h y l b e n z a m i d e to ensure a c o m Downloaded by UNIV MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST on August 28, 2013 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: June 1, 1972 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1972-0112.ch008
plete r e a c t i o n . S i n c e the p r o d u c t s of the o z o n a t i o n of I V o n l y i n d i c a t e s i d e - c h a i n o x i d a t i o n , i t is possible t h a t o z o n e i n s e r t i o n i n the
carbon—hydrogen
b o n d is the s t a r t i n g p o i n t of the m e c h a n i s m . A g a i n the a n s w e r m a y b e f o u n d i n N M R spectroscopy, b e a r i n g i n m i n d that the v a r i o u s resonance positions reflect the e l e c t r o n d e n s i t y near the h y d r o g e n a t o m i n a c a r b o n h y d r o g e n b o n d ( i n the absence of s t r o n g a n i s o t r o p i c g r o u p i n g s ) . c h e m i c a l shift difference for the m e t h y l protons i n g o i n g f r o m
The
N,N-di-
m e t h y l a n i l i n e to its conjugate a c i d is 0.45 p p m , i n d i c a t i n g a s o m e w h a t l o w e r e l e c t r o n d e n s i t y i n the c a r b o n - h y d r o g e n b o n d . T h e c h e m i c a l shift difference for t h e m e t h y l e n e g r o u p protons g o i n g f r o m t r i e t h y l a m i n e to d i e t h y l ether is a b o u t 1 p p m (12).
F o r b o t h these c o m p o u n d s s i d e - c h a i n
o x i d a t i o n takes p l a c e a l t h o u g h a m u c h l a r g e r e l e c t r o n d e n s i t y than i n amine-conjugate
change
a c i d p a i r is i n d i c a t e d b y N M R . T h u s , the
i n a b i l i t y of o z o n e to react w i t h the conjugate a c i d m u s t b e l i n k e d to the absence of the lone p a i r o n the a m i n e n i t r o g e n . F r o m these considerations i t seems safe to c o n c l u d e t h a t the
initial
attack of ozone o n amines takes p l a c e at the n i t r o g e n atom. T h i s is also l o g i c a l since the e l e c t r o p h i l i c o z o n e m o l e c u l e m u s t i n t e r a c t w i t h
the
center of highest n u c l e o p h i l i c i t y i n the substrate—viz., the lone p a i r of the n i t r o g e n a t o m . T h e secondary reactions w i l l t h e n b e d e t e r m i n e d b y the rest of the molecule. W h e t h e r amine oxide formation w i l l be competitive w i t h sidec h a i n o x i d a t i o n or not d e p e n d s o n the s t r e n g t h of the nitrogen—oxygen b o n d i n the p r i m a r y a d d u c t .
T h i s a g a i n is d e t e r m i n e d m a i n l y b y the
electron d e n s i t y at the n i t r o g e n a t o m of the substrate—viz., the s t r e n g t h of the base.
A l i p h a t i c amines are stronger bases t h a n t h e a r o m a t i c ( t r i -
m e t h y l a m i n e , pK
h
are f o r m e d
=
4.2, Ν,Ν-dimethylaniline, p K = 6
9.6).
A m i n e oxides
f r o m a l i p h a t i c a m i n e s , i n d i c a t i n g that t h e b o n d
between
n i t r o g e n a n d o x y g e n i n the p r i m a r y a d d u c t is covalent a n d stronger t h a n the o x y g e n - o x y g e n
b o n d , w h i c h breaks d o w n to f o r m a m i n e oxide a n d
m o l e c u l a r oxygen.
I n the a r o m a t i c amines s t u d i e d here the n i t r o g e n -
o x y g e n b o n d is w e a k e r t h a n a n o r m a l c o v a l e n t b o n d a n d p r o b a b l y is m o r e l i k e a c h a r g e transfer b o n d , a n d s e c o n d a r y attack o n a c a r b o n h y d r o g e n b o n d of the side c h a i n takes p l a c e as i n d i c a t e d i n R e a c t i o n s 1 a n d 3.
In Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds; Bailey, P.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1972.
108
OZONE REACTIONS W I T H ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Table III.
Expt.
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Solvent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
CH2CI2 CH2CI2 EtOAc EtOAc MeOAc
CH2CI2 EtOAc EtOAc EtOAc MeOAc
CH2CI2 EtOAc EtOAc EtOAc EtOAc MeOAc
CH2CI2 EtOAc EtOAc MeOAc
CH2CI2 EtOAc EtOAc EtOAc EtOAc EtOAc EtOAc EtOAc EtOAc
Ozonation Experiments Consumed IV
Temp., °C -78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -78 -40 -40 -40 -40 -40 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 25 25 25 -78 -40 0 25 -78 -40 0 25
a
Consumed 03
a
Produced" 02
Calcd.
Found
Calcd.
Found
Calcd.
3.0 4.3 1.3 0.51.0 1.5 5.0 7.4 6.3 4.1 4.0 4.7 7.3 8.8 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.1 8.2 3.8 2.6 4.2 2.9 5.1 5.1 5.1 0 1.4 1.6 1.1
7.6 8.0 1.3 0.51.0 1.5 5.0 7.3 5.6 4.2 4.1 4.8 7.3 8.7 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.3 8.4 3.8 2.8 4.2 2.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 0 1.4 1.7 1.1
5.0 6.9 2.6 1.02.0 2.7 5.6 8.3 7.5 5.1 5.0 5.2 8.1 9.9 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.6 9.5 4.6 3.1 4.7 5.2 8.4 8.8 9.4 0 1.6 1.7 1.3
10.0 10.0 10.0
5.0 6.9 2.6 1.02.0 2.7 5.0 6.7 6.0 4.3 4.3 4.5 6.2 7.7 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.9 7.3 3.6 2.4 3.9 4.6 6.6 7.4 8.4 0 1.2 1.2 1.0
a
Y i e l d s are g i v e n i n mmoles.
b
N o entry i n c o l u m n means v a l u e not
5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
>
b
Found 7.9 6.5 4.04.7 4.4 4.5 6.9 4.1 4.1 3.9 9.0 4.1 4.0 3.4 4.0 4.3 3.3 7.9 8.4 6.1 6.9 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.3
checked.
A t t a c k other t h a n o n the a m i n o g r o u p a p p a r e n t l y does represent a c o m p e t i t i v e r e a c t i o n course w h e n the substituents o n t h e a r o m a t i c r i n g are less electronegative t h a n the n i t r o g r o u p .
T h i s is d e m o n s t r a t e d b y
the s t r o n g c o l o r a t i o n a n d tar f o r m a t i o n o b s e r v e d w h e n
A/,N-dimethyl-
a n i l i n e a n d p - c h l o r o - N , A - d i m e t h y l a n i l i n e are o z o n i z e d a n d b y the fact 7
that m o r e o z o n e is c o n s u m e d b y these c o m p o u n d s t h a n c a n b e a c c o u n t e d for b y side c h a i n o x i d a t i o n ( T a b l e I I I , E x p e r i m e n t s 1 a n d 2 ) .
In Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds; Bailey, P.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1972.
8.
KOLSAKER AND T E i G E
CH
J
+
r u
of p-A/itro-N,Ν-Dimethy'foniline
Ar-N
J
109
CH,
CH,
3
δ / δ _ Ar-N—0-0-0] • +
Ozonation
Ar-N
+ 000H"
+ OH"
•
0 (1) 2
CH,
XH,
V ι i*
XI
XII
A t t a c k of a s e c o n d m o l e of o z o n e o n X I I I , s i m i l a r to R e a c t i o n 1, w i l l Downloaded by UNIV MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST on August 28, 2013 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: June 1, 1972 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1972-0112.ch008
t h e n l e a d to t h e N - m e t h y l f o r m a n i l i d e s V I ( R e a c t i o n 3 ) :
+
/
CH
Ar-N
3
+ OH"
Ar-N
V
XII
/
/ Ν
V
(2)
XIII
/ 3
,
3
C H
δ /δ _ / N---0-0-07 — •— — •• Ar-N — • Ar-N---0-0-0j —• Ar-N +
XIII + 0
CH,
+
3 3
+ 0 •H0 2
2
(3)
\HO
I OH
XIV
VI
A c c o r d i n g to R i e c h e et al. ( 13 ) a l i p h a t i c c a r b i n o l a m i n e s m a y react w i t h h y d r o p e r o x i d e s to f o r m α - a m i n o a l k y l p e r o x i d e s . H o r n e r a n d K n a p p ( 7 ) prepared di-a-aminoalkylperoxides from N-alkylanilines,
formaldehyde,
a n d h y d r o g e n p e r o x i d e s . I f t h e r e a c t i o n sequences l e a d i n g to these p e r oxides are those o u t l i n e d b e l o w , a s i m i l a r α - a m i n o h y d r o p e r o x i d e ( X V ) p r o b a b l y also is t h e p r e c u r s o r i n t h e f o r m a t i o n of t h e d i - a - a m i n o a l k y l p e r o x i d e o b t a i n e d i n t h e o z o n a t i o n of p-nitro-IVjIV-dimethylaniline.
+ /
CH
3
Ar-N
• OH"
Η00Η
"CH,
Ar-N
/
CH
q
\CH 00H 2
XII
XII
/
Ar-N
C
H
\C H
XV
CH,
3
\ N-Ar Ν
2
(A)
/ - 00- CH, VII
T h e p r o b l e m t h e n is t h e r o u t e to h y d r o g e n p e r o x i d e i n t h e present case. I n s e r t i o n of o z o n e i n t o a c a r b o n - h y d r o g e n b o n d has b e e n p o s t u l a t e d b y W h i t e a n d B a i l e y (14)
to e x p l a i n t h e o z o n a t i o n of b e n z a l d e h y d e s , b y
P r i c e a n d T u m o l o (15) i n t h e o z o n a t i o n studies of ethers, a n d b y B a t t e r bee a n d B a i l e y (16)
i n t h e i r studies o n t h e o z o n a t i o n o f a n t h r o n e . W e
postulate a s i m i l a r i n t e r m e d i a t e to e x p l a i n t h e f o r m a t i o n o f h y d r o g e n peroxide a n d subsequently the diaminoperoxide V I I .
In Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds; Bailey, P.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1972.
110
OZONE REACTIONS W I T H ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
/ Ar-N
ChU
3
C H
+
V
67
Oo
/
3
C H
3
Ar-NΝ
Ar-N—0-0-0,
\H OOOH 2
XVI (5) /
H
3
/ H
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Ar-N I
• C ρ Η
3
Ar-N
+ Η00Η CH0
0-0-0Η VI
XVI
A s seen a b o v e , N - m e t h y l f o r m a n i l i d e is also p r o d u c e d b y this route.
The
r e a c t i o n routes p e r t i n e n t to o u r studies a r e s u m m a r i z e d i n S c h e m e 1.
N = CH \
+ OH'
2
χ + 2y•(z-y)
N Ν - C H , • 0,
/ N—CH 000H 2
N=CH
2
N—CHO + 0 + Γ
• OH
\
\
N-CH 000H
Y
2
2
z-y
z-y
N=CH
H0
2
2
N-CHO + H 0
I
2
2
/
\l —CH 00CH -N^ + 2 /
• OH'
2
2
H0 2
2y N = C H * OH' 2
N —CH,0H
N-H
+
CH 0 2
Scheme 1
F r o m these sequences the f o l l o w i n g c a n b e o b t a i n e d : C o n s u m e d s t a r t i n g m a t e r i a l : a = χ -\- y -\- 2y -\- (z — y) = χ C o n s u m e d o z o n e : b = χ + 2y + ζ +
(ζ — y) = χ + y +
2ζ,
In Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds; Bailey, P.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1972.
2y
z,
8.
KOLSAKER AND
Ozonation
TEiGE
of
111
p-Nitro-N,N-Dimethylaniline
P r o d u c t i o n of o x y g e n : c = χ + 2y + (z — y) + (z — y) = χ -\- 2z, H e r e χ is the y i e l d o f d e m t h y l a t e d s t a r t i n g m a t e r i a l ( V ), y is the y i e l d o f the d i a m i n o p e r o x i d e V I I , ζ is the y i e l d o f N - m e t h y l f o r m a n i l i d e s ( V I ) . A c o m p a r i s o n o f the c a l c u l a t e d values for a, b, a n d c w i t h those o b t a i n e d i n the experiments, as seen f r o m T a b l e I I , are s h o w n i n T a b l e I I I . W h e n 2 m o l e e q u i v a l e n t s o f ozone are u s e d , a c o m p o u n d w h i c h a p p a r e n t l y i s a d i p e r o x i d e is f o r m e d Downloaded by UNIV MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST on August 28, 2013 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: June 1, 1972 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1972-0112.ch008
molecular
formula
(see T a b l e I I ) .
of C i 6 H i N 4 0 , 6
E l e m e n t a l analysis indicates a
and
8
amounts o f p - n i t r o - N - m e t h y l a n i l i n e ( V c ) .
acid
hydrolysis
gives
small
F o r m a t i o n o f this d i p e r o x i d e
c a n b e r a t i o n a l i z e d as f o l l o w s :
/
H
C H ,
3
•/ Ar-N
Ar-N
\C H (
2
OOH
3
OH' CHOOH XVII
XV
(6)
C Ηο
/ 2 XVII
Ar-N
\
CΗο
\
3
/ CH
η-0
3
N-Ar \ / C H
+
2 Η,Ο
XVIII
T h e e n t i t y X V I I o f q u e s t i o n a b l e s t a b i l i t y is t h o u g h t t o d i m e r i z e t o the diperoxide X V I I I .
A m o d i f i e d r e a c t i o n m u s t t h e n be a p p l i e d t o E x p e r i
ments 22-25 ( S c h e m e 2 ) ( p .
112).
F r o m Scheme 2: C o n s u m e d s t a r t i n g m a t e r i a l : a = ζ + 2y
f
C o n s u m e d o z o n e : b = (z + 2y') + (z — 2 i / ) + 2y' = 2z + 2y' r
P r o d u c t i o n of o x y g e n : c = ζ + (ζ — 2y') + 2y = 2z, f
T h e v a l u e o f y' is n o w the y i e l d of d i m e r i c d i p e r o x i d e X V I I I . T h e results are e n t e r e d i n T a b l e I I I , E x p e r i m e n t s 22-25. T a b l e I I I s h o w s that the s t a r t i n g m a t e r i a l is a c c o u n t e d for w e l l . I n E x p e r i m e n t s 1 a n d 2 c o n s i d e r a b l e attack o n the a r o m a t i c n u c l e u s m u s t have t a k e n p l a c e since m u c h tar is f o r m e d i n these ozonations.
When
p - c h l o r o - N , N - d i m e t h y l a n i l i n e ( I V b ) is o z o n i z e d , m o r e attack takes p l a c e
In Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds; Bailey, P.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1972.
112
OZONE REACTIONS W I T H ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
\+ N = C H + OH 2
Ν—CH, • 0 ,
(z - 2 y ' ) + 2y' 'N—CH 000H
\
Γ
2
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/
V
\
N=CH,+ OH"
2y'
N-CHO + 0
V
z'-2y'
+H 0
2
2
ζ -2y' \
ί' N-CH 000H
/
2y*
V.
N=CH + OH' 2
+
H 0 2
N-CH0 • H 0
I
2
/
2
2y*
N = CH,+ 00H"
2
2y'
2y' N=CH + 00H' 2
0
N = CH00H + OH' + 0?
3
2y'
2y* N = CH00H + OH"
2
0-0 \ / \ / N —CH CH-N
o-o
2y'
• 2 H.,0
Scheme 2
o n t h e a m i n e f u n c t i o n t h a n is t h e case w i t h t h e u n s u b s t i t u t e d
N,N-di-
m e t h y l a n i l i n e ( I V a ). T h i s is expected since t h e c h l o r i n e a t o m deactivates the r i n g f o r e l e c t r o p h i l i c attack. T h i s t r e n d is a c c e n t u a t e d i n g o i n g to t h e n i t r o s u b s t i t u t e d d i m e t h y l a n i l i n e ( I V c ) , w h e r e r i n g attack is n o t observed. T h e a m o u n t o f ozone u s e d f o r r i n g attack is n o t a c c o u n t e d f o r i n o u r expressions; therefore t h e values f o r b a n d c i n E x p e r i m e n t s 1 a n d 2 w i l l be erroneous. T h e large d i s c r e p a n c y i n c o n s u m e d o z o n e a n d o z y g e n y i e l d w h e n o z o n i z i n g i n e t h y l o r m e t h y l acetate at — 7 8 ° C ( E x p e r i m e n t s 3-5, 22, a n d 2 6 ) cannot b e a c c o u n t e d f o r b y a n y o f o u r schemes. b i l i t y o f ozone attack o n t h e solvents cannot b e e x c l u d e d .
T h e possi
However, we
h a v e n o t b e e n a b l e to d i s c o v e r a n y p r o d u c t a r i s i n g f r o m o x i d a t i o n o f t h e solvent. O z o n a t i o n of e t h y l acetate w a s s h o w n b y P r i c e a n d T u m o l o to b e n o n q u a n t i t a t i v e w h i l e o z o n e is q u a n t i t a t i v e l y a b s o r b e d at — 78 ° C w h e n p-nitro-N^N-dimethylaniline
( I V c ) is d i s s o l v e d i n e t h y l acetate.
p r o b l e m has to b e left o p e n at this stage o f o u r research.
In Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds; Bailey, P.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1972.
This
8.
KOLSAKER AND TEIGE
Ozonation
of p-Nitro-N,N-Dimethylaniline
113
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Downloaded by UNIV MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST on August 28, 2013 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: June 1, 1972 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1972-0112.ch008
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RECEIVED June 7, 1971. Work supported by a grant from Det Videnskapelige Forskningsfond av 1919.
In Ozone Reactions with Organic Compounds; Bailey, P.; Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1972.