THE CHEMICAL WORLD THIS WEEK Food Machinery
& Chemical
Corp.,
San Jose, Calif., has announced that its central research department has moved from 333 West Julian St. to new quarters located at Coleman & Newhall Sts. How ever, the mailing address will not b>e changed. Clark Bros. Co., Inc., Olean, Ν. Υ., has announced the opening of new sales and service offices located in Pittsburgh, Pa. The territory covered by the new office, which is located at 2920 Koppers Bldg., will be managed by Sidney S. Hartley. Others at the office will be James D . Gilbride and Robert T. Nelson. Pennsylvania Salt Mfg. Co., Philadel phia, Pa., has opened a district sales office for the distribution of their products in Dallas, Tex. The new office, located at 1618 Irwin-Keasler Bldg., will be Pennsalt's central sales and service headquarters for Texas and Oklahoma. Heading thus organization will be Hugh W. Temple as district sales manager. F-ndoci hie and nutritional laboratory has been opened in Cleveland, Ohio. It is the first of its kind in this area and is located at 902 Rose Building. The labo ratory offers its services to doctors and hospitals to carry out the more complicated endocrine analyses and will carry out some research work. It is under the super vision and management of I. Levis. Arthur G. McKee & Co., Cleveland, Ohio, engineers and contractors in the petroleum refining and iron and steel in dustries, has announced the opening of an engineering office at Tulsa, Okla., to serve the company's customers in the Southwest. The Tulsa office will be headed by R. P. Mase. Monomer-Polymer, Inc., is now con ducting all operations in their laboratories at Leominster, Mass. They were formerly located in Chicago, 111. Tennessee Eastman Co., Kingsport, Tenn., has expanded its distribution center in Lodi, N. J., to handle virtually all of the company's line of industrial chemicals and dyestuffs. Formerly, the Lodi es tablishment included sales offices and a service laboratory for dyestuffs plus ware house space for drummed chemicals and dyes. Arco Co., Cleveland, Ohio, was one- of several paint manufacturing concerns visited by French members of an Ε CA productivity team here to study produc tion, equipment, and merchandising meth ods used in the paint, varnish, and print ing ink industry. The team members represented management, engineers, and skilled workmen, and were from Paris, Bordeaux, and Marseille. Griscom-Russell Co.» will move its gen eral offices from New York City to Massillon, Ohio, where the company's plant for manufacturing heat transfer apparatus of all types is located. The move "has f>een 3542
made ' to centralize the administration, general sales, engineering, development, and other departments, and will become effective Sept. 1. To accommodate the various departments, a new office build ing is being erected on the grounds of the company's plant. The New York office will continue to operate as one of the sales offices of the company.
PATENTS Eastman Kodak Lists V a r i e t y of A v a i l a b l e Patents The Eastman Kodak Co. has placed some 149 patents on the U. S. Patent Of fice's register of patents available, to be licensed under varying terms. Nonexclu sive Licenses for patents in Group A will be issued on reasonable terms, the com pany states, to domestic applicants, with the exception of a few patents on which limitations have been imposed by the grantor of licensing rights to Eastman Kodak Co. For patents in Group D, non exclusive licenses will be issued to domestic applicants without royalty or other com pensation. Inquiries should be addressed to the Director, Patent Department, East man Kodak Co., 343 State St., Rochester 4, Ν. Υ., identifying the patent by name and number. The following patents arc of interest in the chemical field. GROUP A:
Process for Manufacture of Organic Acid Anhydrides. Pat. 2,367,501. Geiable Cellulose Derivative Composi tions. Pat. 2,367,503. Preparation of Iminopyrazolones. Pat. 2,367,523. ' * Acylaminophenol Photograph Couplers. Pat. 2,367,531. Preparation of Cellulose Nitrate. Pat. 2,367,533. Photographic Silver Halide Emulsions. Pat. 2,367,549. Acylated Aminopyrazolone Couplers. Pat. 2,369,489. Preparation of Folymethine Compounds. Pat. 2,369,509. Preparation of Thioketones. Pats. 2,369,646; 2,369,647; 2,369,657. Treatment of Cellulose Mixed Esters. Pat. 2,370,332. Developers Containing Silver Halifl^ Solvents. Pat. 2,371,740. Arvlene Diamine Compounds. Pat. 2,374,337. Arylamino Compounds. Pat. 2,374,807. Amination of Dihydrie Phenols. Pat. 2,376,112. Color-Forming Compounds Having Six Membered Rings. Pat. 2,376,192. Polyvinyl Alcohol Emulsion Coating. Pat. 2,376,371. Preparation of Aminopyrazolones. Pat. 2,376,380. CHEMICAL
Antifoggants. Pats. 2,377,375; 2,378,203; 2,378,204; 2,384,613. Preparation of Concentrated Liquid Hardeners. Pat. 2,378,247. Stabilizing Nitrocellulose. Pat. 2,378,594. Manufacture of Dicarboxylic Acid Esters of High Polymer Polyhydroxy Compounds. Pat. 2,379,309. Manufacture of Cellulose Esters Hav ing High Propionyl or Butyryl Content. Pat. 2,379,310. Chemical Sensitizing of Emulsions. Pat. 2,380,280. Production of Morpholine Compounds. Pat. 2,381,935. Production of Water-Free Alcohol. Pat. 2,382,044. Resinous Polymer of Methylene Dioxolane. Pat. 2,382,640. ZV-Aryltetrahydroquinolines. Pat. 2,387,751. Hot-Melt Coating Composition. Pats. 2,387,773; 2,387,774. Gelatin Coating Composition. Pat. 2,388,881. GHOUP D :
Production of Hydroquinones. Pat. 1,998,177. Process of Making Quinone. Pat. 2,043,912. Purification of Quinone. Pat. 2,148.669. Eight Patents A v a i l a b l e From A g r i c u l t u r e D e p a r t m e n t The patents listed below have been assigned to the United States as repre sented by the Secretary of Agriculture. Licenses to practice the inventions are issued on a royalty-free, nonexclusive, non transferable, revocable basis. Applica tions for licenses should b e addressed to the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, U. S. Department of Agricul ture, Washington 25, D. C . The patents should be identified by name and number. Methyl Esters of Subtilin. Pat. 2,520,908. Subtilin, the antibiotic, is esterifled with methanol to produce methyl esters of subtilin which contain nine to 13 methoxyl «equivalents per 104 grams. These esters are 25 to 50 times more soluble than subtilin. Isolation of Pectinic Acids. Pat. 2,522,534. Low-methoxyl pectinic acids are produced by extruding a thin stream of a low-methoxyl pectinate solution to proJut e a film of precipitated pectinic acid. The film is then washed and dried. Isolation of Usnic Acid. Pat. 2,522,547. Usnic acid, which has antibiotic proper ties, is isolated from Spanish moss (Ramalina reticulata) by extraction with acetone, followed by purification of the crude extract, and crystallization. Preparation of Diglycerides. Pat. 2,523,309. Diglycerides are produced by heating a glycidyl ester with a fatty acid. Process of Isolating Quercitrin. Pat. 2,534,250. Quercitrin is isolated from crude extracts of black oak bark by exAND
ENGINEERING
NEWS
AnotFer
successful development
using the ^^MERXCAN ^ N O D E process
New Text rims the
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^
^
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Gasket manufactured by Spray-Dip Rubber Corp.r Buffalo, Ν. Υ.
ERE'S a sea-going gasket that may stir up ideas for you — that shows you how American Anode can help you solve problems and improve products. This gasket is a low pressure seal for hatches on low-riding vessels to make them watertight. Its unique features a r e the s p o n g e r u b b e r core, and t h e special-type r u b b e r coating applied by the American Anode process. Frequently, former hard rubber
H
seals couldn't be confined properly when h a t c h e s w e r e closed. T h e rubber would "flow". With this new gasket, the core gives, but does not flow. Hatches can be sealed tightly and securely against the sea. And the special rubber coating is extremely resistant to weather, gas, oil, many chemicals and other de structive conditions. It's another example of the w i d e range of applications for American Anode materials. Decontamination
boots, plastisolgloves, coated chains and more defense and civilian items are others. Wherever special coatings or plastisols (vinyl plastic paste) can be used t o improve or develop prod ucts, w e can h e l p you. W e can take over the design, manufacture and d e l i v e r y of t h e finished p r o d u c t . If y o u ' r e i n t e r e s t e d , please write Department. / A - 9 , American A n o d e Inc., 60 Cherry Street, Akron, Ohio.
AMERICAN ANODE CRUDE A N D AMERICAN RUBBER LATICES, WATER CEMENTS AND SUSPENSIONS, A M E R A N RESIN PASTES, COMPLETE MANUFACTURING FACILITIES VOLUME
2 9,
NO.
35
» » AUGUST
2 7,
1951
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THE CHEMICAL WORLD THIS WEEK tr- -ting with aqueous alcohol, and then hot acetorie. Stabilization of Nitrocellulose. Pat. 2,471,583. Nitrocellulose is stabilized by use of ammonium salts. If the treating solution i s buffered to remain slightly acidic, excess salt can be used with a hot solution v=vitliotit producing any harmful effects, a n d the process can be used with a boiling "treatment. Ammonium sulfate is ρ ret erred. Prevention of Degradation of Textile Fibers by Adds. Pat. 2,493,031. A solu tion of triethanolamine is used in impreg nating textile materials to prevent degrada tion of t h e cellulose component. Preparation of Fibers from Carboxymethylceilulose. Pat. 2,495,767. Alkalisoluble Gibers h a v e been prepared by ex truding solutions of a soluble salt of carboxymetho'lcellulose into precipitating so lutions of copper sulfn*e, aluminum sulfate, lead acebate, stannoi*:» chloride, or mix tures of such solutions containing poly valent irt^tal ions which form insoluble salts with* carboxvmethylcellulose.
ärJECWNÖEÖG¥l Determination of Magnesium In Cast- Iron A chemical method for the determination ot i~Hiigni\siiini in cast iron has been developed by J. L. Hague and J. 1. Shultz of: the National Bureau of Standards. Defection of magnesium in east iron is important, the >JBS report states, because a variable part of the magnesium, added to iron to produce ductile qualities, is lost during production. The final magnesium content must therefore be determined c )>• either chemical or spectrograph k· analysis. Although the latter method i s quicker for routine examination, a suitable chemical method has been needed "both lor checking spectrographic standards and for use in laboratories not e q u i p p e d for spectrochemical analysis. In t h e NBS method, the cast iron sample i s dissolved in hydrochloric acid and the iron removed, after oxidation, as the chloxidc hy ether extraction in a continuous extractor. Magnesium, together with par-t of the manganese, is then precipitated- as phosphate from an ammoniacal citrate solution. After dissolving this phosphate precipitate in diluted acid, the manganese is removed, by precipitation with amtmonium persulfate, as manganese dioxide. The magnesium is then precipitated a~s the phosphate, ignited, and weighed as magnesium pyrophosphate. Finally, the weighed precipitate is examined for- calcium by t h e sulfate-ethanol procedure, and any necessary weight correction is made. The reliability of t h e m e t h o d was checked by making a n u m b e r of determinations on several NBS standard sam3544
ples of iron to which known quantities of magnesium had been added. Between 0.01 and 0.10% magnesium was added, the usual range in nodular cast iron. Calcium and cerium were also a d d e d to a few samples, since calcium may b e present in some cast irons, and cerium is sometimes added to induce a nodular structure. Results indicate that t h e NBS determination is applicable to most plain or low alloy irons; moderate amounts of calcium and cerium do not interfere. Accuracy of the order of 0 . 0 0 2 % of magnesium was indicated for the range investigated.
Gaseous Mixture Analyzed W i t h Mass Spectrometers A completely automatic amplifying and recording system for the analysis of gaseous mixtures, or isotope ration determinations by a mass spectrometer, was reported recently at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers Pacific meeting b y P. S. Goodwin and R. L. Sink, of t h e Consolidated Engineering Corp., P a s a d e n a Calif. The petroleum and chemical industries .ire making widespread use of mass spectrometers because of their reliability, speed of completion of an analysis, and accuracy, the electrical engineers were told during the description of the amplifying and recording system. T h e mass spectrum of a complex gaseous mixture can be used to obtain the quantitative and qualitative composition of the mixture with t h e aid ot calibration spectra of the pure component constituents, the authors stated. In discussing isotope ration measurement they reported that in studies using stable isotopes as tagged molecules in a chemical or biochemical process, the mass spectrometer is an accurate and convenient method of measuring the results of such experiments. Simultaneous measurement of the ion current of the more abundant molecule and the rarer isotope is advantageous, since factors which affect the ion currents equally can be cancelled in a rationing process.
!ΕΒ«!ΑΑ$1 Northeastern U. to Offer Evening G r a d u a t e Courses In order to provide opportunities lor professional development through formal evening study for chemists and chemical engineers in the Greater Boston area, Northeastern University will offer a group ol graduate courses in its college of engi neering in 1951-52, according to a recent announcement. First semester courses, each meeting from 7:00 to 9:00 p.m. once a week for 16 weeks, will begin Sept. 17 and include: Advanced Physical Chem istry, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Distil lation, and Fundamentals of Instrumenta tion. CHEMICAL
This is t h e first time that graduate courses in chemistry have been m a d e avail able during evening hours in t h e Boston area. At present the university does not contemplate an evening curriculum lead ing to the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry but Η. Κ. Brown, director of graduate study in the college of engi neering, states that such a program will he considered if the response to these initial offerings indicate sufficient demand.
CalTech Leads in Production of Scientists T h e California Institute of Technology leads all technological institutions in the nation in production of scientists, accord ing to a survey sponsored by the Carnegie Corp. and reported in a recent issue of Scientific American magazine. T h e five-year survey on the origins of American scientists was conducted by two members of t h e faculty ot Weslcyaii Uni versity, Middletown, Conn, who studied 500 institutions. T h e index by which they gaged performance was the rate per 1000 at which mem who were graduated from college between 1924 and 1934 were listed as Ph.D.'s in the 1944 edition of "Ameri can Men of Science." T h e time interval was chosen to avoid disruptions of the two world wars and the more recent years for which they felt their data were in accurate. T h e survey showed, t h e analysts re ported, that 39 of the 50 institutions lead ing in the production of scientists were small liberal arts colleges. Reed College of Portland, Ore., stood first on t h e list, with an index of 131.8 Ph.D.'s per 1000. CalTech came second, with 70.1, a n d only one other technological institution ap peared on the list, South Dakota School of Mines, in 50th place with 24.6. T h e Wesleyan analysts also compared groups of institutions, classified according to type. In this study of the 500 institu tions they found that "The leading engi neering schools as a group produced only 6.4 scientists per 1000 graduates. "The low ranking of the technical Nchools in this hierarchy can b e explained by their vocational emphasis," t h e y re ported. "Their training is mainly for en gineers, not scientists. An engineer receiv ing a bachelor's or master's degree in a technical school is ready to take a job and does not usually go on to get a P h . D . " At CalTech, however, officials pointed o n ' , undergraduate training is evenly divided b e t w e e n science and engineering majors, and approximately half of all the students receiving the B.S. degree con tinue in g r a d u a t e study. A more extreme example of the situation is given by the 10 leading students in the June 1951 graduating class. Of the ten, only one took a job in industry, at $400 a month, and another may take an AEC research job or enter graduate school. The remain ing eight are entering graduate work. Geographically, the Wesleyan analysts AND
ENGINEERING
NEWS
