THE CHEMICAL WORLD THIS WEEK to replace milk in products made from only vegetable ingredients for consumers that prefer a butter-like spread not containing any animal product. Optional ingredients have been changed considerably. Manufacturers can now add not less than 15,000 units of vitamin A, which may be furnished by fish liver oil, animal source of vitamin A and its fatty acid esters, by mixtures of synthetic vitamin A and its fatty acid esters with harmless substances formed during the synthesis, by provitamin A, or by any combination or these. Use of citrates is now permitted to prevent flavor reversion when refined soybean oil is used. FDA finds that citric acid, stearyl citrate, and isopropyl citrate are all harmless when used in margarine in the amounts specified. Among other optional ingredients included are: lecithin, sodium benzoate, benzoic acid, mono- and diglycerides of fat-forming fatty acids, and artificial coloring.
PATENTS Utilizing W a s t e s f r o m Fischer-Tropsch Process The following patent has been assigned by its inventors to the United States as represented by the Secretary of the Interior. Nonexclusive and royalty-free licenses are available, and applications should be directed to the Solicitor, U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D. C. Method of Utilizing Aqueous-Organic Chemical Wastes from the FischerTropsch Process. Pat. 2,574,469. This process may be used in connection with production of synthetic liquid fuels from carbonaceous materials to utilize the acid-contamined waste waters and at the same time eliminate waste-disposal problems. The oxygenated chemicals in water solution are separated by decantation from the hydrocarbon products and then topped in a fractionating column. The bottoms from the column are evaporated and superheated and then introduced in the form of vapor into a gasifier to produce additional carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The resulting mixture is cycled back to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor as a supplemental source of raw material. Du P o n t O f f e r s Patents For Adhesive Compositions The D u Pont Co. is offering the follow, ing 14 patents for nonexclusive licensing under these conditions: ( 1 ) to make adhesive cement compositions containing a polyisocyanate and an elastomeric material, ( 2 ) to use such compositions in the bonding of two or more surfaces to make composite structures other than pressuresensitive adhesive tapes and sheets, and 2314
(3) to use or sell such structures at a specified royalty per pound on all polyisocyanates used in practicing the licensed inventions under such patents. Inquiries concerning the patents should be addressed to Patent Division, Du Pont Co., Wilmington 98, Del. Process for Making Polymeric Products and for Modifying Polymeric Products. Pa*. 2,284,896. Treatment of Polyesters and Product Therefrom. Pat. 2,333,639. Isocyanate Treatment of Polyamides. Pat. 2,333,914. Treatment of Cellulose Derivatives. Pat. 2,339,912. Cellulose Treatment Process. Pat. 2,339,913. Rubber-to-Metal Adhesions. Pat. 2,381,186. Adhesives Comprising an Olefin Polysulfide Rubber. Pat. 2,400,474. Composite Structures. Pat. 2,415,839 and 2,439,514. Treatment of Aldehyde-Modified Rubbers with Polyiso- or Polyisothiocyanates. Pat. 2,417,424. Adhesive Compositions and Process. Pat. 2,417,792. Bonding of Laminates by Means of Isocyanates. Pat. 2,430,479. Adhesive Cement Compositions. Pat. 2,436,222. Condensation Derivative of Rubber. Pat. 2,439,369. Agriculture D e p a r t m e n t Announces Patents The following patents have been assigned to the United States as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture. Licenses to practice the inventions are issued on a royalty-free, nonexclusive, nontransferable, revocable basis. Applications for licenses should be addressed to the Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington 25, D. C. Preparation of 7-Hydroxyphenothiazone3. Pat. 2,559,624. This compound, which is useful as a therapeutic agent, is prepared by fusing a mixture of p,p'-dihydroxydiphenylamine, sulfur, and a catalytic amount of iodine. Isolation of an Organic Sulfur Compound from Asparagus. Pat. 2,559,625. Asparagus juice is extracted in a series of operations with* butanol and benzene to isolate a yellow amorphous material containing about 30% sulfur. On reduction this material yields 3,3'-dithiolisobutyric acid. Dithiane Carboxylic Acids. Pat. 2,559,626. An aldehyde or ketone is reacted with 3,3'-dithiolisobutyric acid to produce dithiane carboxylic acids, such as 1,3dithiane-5-carboxylic acid. Defrosting Indicator. Pat. 2,560,537. This device can be attached to the surface of a package of frozen food to provide a CHEMICAL
Westinghouse Presents First A w a r d in N e w P r o g r a m
F. S. Mabry (left) presents S. Ivan Rambo with the first "Most Meritorious Disclosure Award" as F. W. Godsey, Jr. (right), and other Westinghouse colleagues look on. The new award program, just instituted by Westinghouse, calls for the presentation of a $200 award by each patent disclosure committee in the company's various divisions to the "most meritorious" of every 50 patents submitted to it visible signal when the package is subject to excessive temperatures. Development of the signal depends on diffusion of a solvent containing a dye through a porous sheet. Process of Isolating Lupulon from Hops Hesin. Pat. 2,562,934. The soft resin of hops is stored in a cool place to promote crystallization of lupulon. The partly crystallized resin is then extracted with hot aqueous methanol to dissolve the lupulon crystals from the resin matrix; the extract is then cooled to crystallize the lupulon. Analytical Selenium Strip and Method of Preparation. Pat. 2,567,251. Strips of filter paper are impregnated with a solution of potassium selenocyanate, exposed to acid vapors to decompose the selenocyanate to elemental selenium, and then dried. The resulting selenium-coated strip is useful for quantitative analytical purposes. Process for Recovering Parthenyl Cinnamate and Essential Oils from Guayule Resin. Pat. 2,572,046. A solution of guayule resin in a water-miscible organic solvent is extracted with a hydrocarbon solvent. The latter extract is evaporated to remove the solvent and the residual parthenyl cinnamate is recrystallized from alcohol. Process for Preparation of Chlorin E . Pat. 2,555,383. A chlorophyll-bearing plant material is extracted with acetone, the extract concentrated, and the chlorophyll-rich concentrate saponified by heating with an alkali dissolved in methanol, producing the corresponding alkali isoAND
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chlorophyllin dissolved in methanol. The solution is diluted with water, fats and unsaponifiables are removed, and the remaining solution is acidified with acetic a c i d to form a precipitate of chlorin E w h i c h is separated and purified. Cyanoethylation of Alkyl Lactates. Pat. 2 , 5 5 9 , 6 6 0 . High boiling ethers, useful as plasticizers, produced by reacting lower alkyl lactates with acrylonitrile in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. Process for Coagulating Synthetic Latices. Pat. 2,562,191. This is a method of recovering the polymeric constituents from a latex containing 25 to 6 5 % solids produced by aqueous emulsion polymerization in t h e presence of an emulsifying agent comprising a surface active organic sulfonate. This is accomplished by adding aluminum sulfate and then water, the particle size of the coagulum being governed by the temperature of the water. Acylating Castor Oil. Pat. 2,562,900. A continuous process of acetylating castor o i l which comprises introducing sulfuric acid catalyst, acetic acid anhydride, and castor oil, the molal ratio being three anhydride to one oil, into a packed column a t 180 °C. followed by countercurrent distillation and continuous extraction of the acetylated castor oil. Emulsion Polymerization of Long-Chain Vinyl Esters. Pat. 2,562,965. A monomeric vinyl ester of a saturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid is dispersed in water containing as an emulsifying agent 0.3 to 1.6% anhydrosorbitol ester of a fatty acid p l u s 0.3 to 1.6% alkali salt of a sulfated aliphatic alcohol. The dispersion is then h e a t e d in the presence of a polymerization catalyst at not more than about 100 °C. to polymerize the vinyl ester. Production of Esters. Pat. 2,565,487. A basic nitrogen salt of an organic carboxy l i c acid, in which nitrogen has a valence o f 5, is reacted with an alcohol to produce a n ester of the organic carboxylic acid h a v i n g an ester group corresponding to that of t h e alcohol. Amides of 9,10-Epoxystearic Acid. Pat. 2,567,237. An amide of oleic acid having t h e formula CH 3 (CH 2 ) T CHCH(CH*),CON H R is reacted with peracetic acid in glacial acetic acid solution to produce a 9,10-epoxystearamide. Preparation of Epoxy Compounds b y Oxidation of cis-Monoolefin Compounds. Pat. 2,567,930. A straight-chain aliphatic cis-monoolefin compound is mixed with a n aliphatic peracid solution t o break the d o u b l e bond of the monoolefin compounds a n d add oxygen to form an epoxy comp o u n d without otherwise altering the molecular structure of the monoolefin compound. Epoxidized Oils. Pat. 2,569,502. A triglyceride is reacted with an acetic acid solution or peracetic acid at a moderately l o w temperature converting ethylenic groups of the triglyceride to epoxy groups. Separation of a-Casein from Whole C a s e i n . Pat. 2,572,026. W h o l e casein is
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THE CHEMICAL WORLD THIS WEEK dissolved in an aqueous alkaline medium. A neutral, soluble inorganic salt and a water miscible solvent are then added and the pH of the mixture adjusted to 6 to 7. a-Casein precipitates without precipitation of other casein constituents. Oxidation of Oleic Acid. Pat. 2,572,892. Oleic acid is oxidized to 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid by 'dissolving it in twice its weight of acetic acid containing about 0.25% cobalt acetate and contacting the solution with a free oxygen-containing gas. Insecticidal Composition Comprising Nicotine Sulfate and 4,4'-Dichlorodiphenyl Sulfide. Pat. 2,572,898. This composition comprises nicotine sulfate and 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfide as a synergist, pref- • erably in the proportion of one to 2.5 parts by weight of sulfate to one of sulfide. Polyethylene Glycol Esters of Acyloxycarboxylic Acids. Pat. 2,573,701. Di-, tri-, or tetraethylene glycol, or a saturated ester thereof containing at least one free hydroxyl group, is heated with a lower alkyl ester of a lower aliphatic o-hydroxy- Interior view of Westinghouse "kidney" shows dialyzate bath which removes impurities monocarboxylic acid. The resulting glycol According to T. S. Danowski.. senior biturates, or carbon tetrachloride, it is beester is acylated with acetic or propionic anhydride to produce esters useful as sol- staff physician at Children's Hospital, Pitts- lieved the "kidney" can take over the job burgh, a clinical model of the improved of the overworked human organ. It may vents and plasticizers. ''kidney" has performed outstandingly in also prove useful after certain abdominal its application to adult patients over a operations, when kidney blockage results, period of several months. A similar unit or to reduce excessive amounts of potasis in use at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital sium in the blood. In research the unit is TECHNOLOGY in Boston, whose staff cooperated in the a valuable tool in the study of body funcdevelopment. tions. Key feature of the unit is a 50-foot Westinghouse says that it does not conBrookhaven Cosmotron Produces length of thin flexible cellophane tubing template further work on the kidney projBillion-Volt Particles wound spirally around three concentric ect, nor does the company at this time Particles of 1.3 billion electron volt hollow-cylinders made of expanded metal anticipate commercial activities in this energy were produced for the first time screen. As blood is drawn from an artery field. T h e firm will make information availMay 20 by physicists at the Brookhaven in the patient's arm, it passes through the able, however, to qualified organizations. National Laboratory, Upton, N. Y. It was tubing and in so doing is purified as imthe initial operation of the Brookhaven purities filter out through microscopically cosmotron whose final assembly had been small holes in t h e tubing, holes that are EDUCATION completed only recently. too small for larger blood components, The ultra high-energy particles were such as corpuscles, to leak out. produced by introducing protons, already University of O r e g o n The metal screen cylinders and the enaccelerated in a preliminary operation to circling plastic tubing are immersed in a Opens N e w Science Building 3.6 million electron volts, into the giant specially prepared dialyzate bath, and as The University of Oregon's new $1.6 magnet's circular track where they were the impurities diffuse out of the tubing, million science building was dedicated spun around its 204-foot length at about they pass into this bath and are drained late last montli, with Oregon's Governor 175,000 miles a second. It was calculated off. The purified blood continues through Douglas McKay, state board of higher that the protons traveled so fast that they the tubing and returns to the patient b y education officials, and four of the nawould circle the earth at the equator in way of a venous opening in the other arm. tion's top scientists participating in the 0.7 second. An electric-eye safety device immediately dedication ceremonies. Planned as one Brookhaven scientists commented that shuts off the unit if a leak appears in of the high spots of the university's 75th the successful production of billion-volt the tubing or if a blood-clot occurs. anniversary year, dedication of the n e w "bullets" marks the beginning of a new To make sure that the patient loses no science building marks a n e w period in the era in physics, one that may mean the vital blood components while impurities university's science education area. For eventual creation of matter from energy. are being removed, the dialyzate bath the first time in more than two decades They likened the significance of the ex- contains sodium, potassium, and carbonate the pure sciences will b e taught in comperiment to the first splitting of the ura- ions in just the right proportions. By vary- pletely modern laboratories. nium atom, although in this case the ing the pressure between the blood and More than 500,000 square feet in the process is reversed. the bath, and b y keeping the right con- n e w concrete, fireproof, building will centration of compounds, an equilibrium house biology, physics, and chemistry. T h e is set up and normal blood composition building has three floors of laboratories, Westinghouse "Kidney" Now is maintained during the removal of imoffices, classrooms, and special-purpose In Clinical Use purities. rooms, a basement, sub-basement, and is A new-type "plastic kidney," developed The "kidney" has been successfully topped by a penthouse containing the by Westinghouse engineers in cooperation used for combatting chronic and acute ventilating system. On top of the pentwith members of the medical profession, is uremic poisoning that takes place when house is the physics department's n e w 15now in successful operation at two of the kidney functioning breaks down. In cases inch reflector-type telescope, now being innation's leading hospitals. of poisoning caused by sulfa drugs, bar- stalled.
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