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Patterns, Variability, and Predictors of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations during Childhood Shaina L Stacy, Melissa Eliot, Antonia M. Calafat, Aimin Chen, Bruce Lanphear, R. Hauser, George D. Papandonatos, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Xiaoyun Ye, Kimberly Yolton, and Joseph Braun Environ. Sci. Technol., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00794 • Publication Date (Web): 06 May 2016 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on May 8, 2016
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Environmental Science & Technology
Title: Patterns, Variability, and Predictors of Urinary Bisphenol A Concentrations during Childhood Authors: Shaina L. Stacy,1* Melissa Eliot,1 Antonia M. Calafat,2 Aimin Chen,3 Bruce P. Lanphear,4 Russ Hauser,5 George D. Papandonatos,6 Sheela Sathyanarayana,7,8 Xiaoyun Ye,2 Kimberly Yolton,9 and Joseph M. Braun1 Affiliations: 1-Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States 2-Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States 3-Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States 4-Child and Family Research Institute, BC Children’s Hospital and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada 5-Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 6-Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States 7-Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98105, United States 8-Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States 9-Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States *
Corresponding author. Address: Brown University School of Public Health, Box G-S121-2, Providence, RI 02912. Phone: 401-863-6274. E-mail:
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Abstract
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We examined the patterns, variability, and predictors of urinary bisphenol A (BPA)
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concentrations in 337 children from the Cincinnati, Ohio HOME Study. From 2003 to 2014, we
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collected two urine samples from women at 16 and 26 weeks of pregnancy and six urine samples
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from children at 1-5 and 8 years of age. We used linear mixed models to calculate intraclass
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correlation coefficients (ICCs) as a measure of within-person BPA variability and to identify
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sociodemographic and environmental predictors. For the 8-year visit, we used multivariable
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linear regression to explore associations between urinary BPA concentrations and exposure-
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related factors. We calculated daily intakes using equations estimating creatinine excretion rates
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and creatinine-standardized BPA concentrations. Urinary BPA concentrations, which decreased
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over childhood, had a low degree of reproducibility (ICC$80,000 Maternal Education Less than grade 12 27 (8.5) High school graduate 37 (11.7) Some college 85 (26.8) College graduate 168 (53.0) 1 Adjusted for creatinine z-score and age
Number of measurements
Unadjusted GM (ng/mL)1
Unadjusted % diff. (95% CI)1
Adjusted GM (ng/mL)2
Adjusted % diff. (95% CI)2
830 353 83
2.4 3.4 2.9
Ref. 43 (28, 59) 22 (-1, 52)
2.7 3.2 3.2
Ref. 20 (6, 34) 19 (-7, 50)
689 577
2.8 2.5
Ref. -11 (-18, -3)
3.1 2.9
Ref. -9 (-20, 5)
207 152 403 504
3.7 3.0 2.4 2.4
Ref. -20 (-31, -7) -36 (-41, -29) -35 (-41, -30)
3.4 3.0 2.9 3.1
Ref. -12 (-26, 3) -16 (-27, -3) -9 (-22, 6)
99 129 355 683
4.0 3.2 3.0 2.2
Ref. -20 (-32, -5) -24 (-32, -16) -43 (-47, -39)
3.7 3.1 3.1 2.4
Ref. -18 (-33, -1) -18 (-29, -5) -36 (-47, -24)
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Adjusted for creatinine z-score, age, child race, sex, household income, and maternal education. Income and education are included as time-varying factors in the model.
596 597 598
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599 600
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Table 2. Geometric mean (GM) and adjusted percent difference (% diff.) in HOME Study children’s urinary BPA concentrations at 8 years of age according to parent-reported child food packaging use, diet, and receipt handling (N = 210-213).1 Variable
N (%)
Food stored in plastic past year 0.50 17 (8)
Adjusted GM
Adjusted % diff. (95% CI)
1.6 1.6 2.0
Ref. 3 (-28, 45) 29 (-9, 83)
1.8 1.8
Ref. 1 (-28, 43)
1.6 2.2
Ref. 34 (-6, 90)
1.8 1.5
Ref. -21 (-51, 29)
1.7 1.7 2.0
Ref. 2 (-30, 47) 19 (-17, 71)
1.7 1.9
Ref. 11 (-21, 57)
1.7 2.1
Ref. 19 (-19, 76)
1.7 1.8 1.8 3.0
Ref. 5 (-37, 75) 5 (-38, 75) 79 (7, 200)
Variable
N (%)
Type of canned food past 24 h None 161 (77) Vegetables 23 (11) Fruit 7 (3) Pasta 7 (3) Other 12 (6) Bottled beverages past 24 h No 46 (22) Yes 167 (78) Canned beverages past year
