Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on June 9, 2017 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: July 30, 2001 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2001-0791.fw001
Pharmaceuticals and Care Products in the Environment
Daughton and Jones-Lepp; Pharmaceuticals and Care Products in the Environment ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2001.
Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on June 9, 2017 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: July 30, 2001 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2001-0791.fw001
About the Cover End-use (e.g., consumer) sources-origins and environmental fate of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are depicted in this illustration (a complete version is available at: http://www.epa. gov/nerlesdl/chemistry/pharma/index.htm). A l l chemicals ingested or applied externally (for both humans, domestic animals such as confined animal feeding operations, and certain agricultural crops) have the potential to be continually excreted or washed into sewage systems and from there discharged to the aquatic or terrestrial environments (or transported from land during wet-weather events). Input to the environ-ment is a function of the efficiency of humananimal absorption-metabolism and the efficiency of any sewage treatment technologies employed. Purposeful disposal of PPCPs to sewage and landfills of unwanted PPCPs (both legal and illicit) is another major source. The occurrence of PPCPs in the environment highlights the importance of dispersed, diffuse, non-point Adischarges@ of anthro-pogenic chemicals to the environment. Their occurrence in the environ-ment illustrates the immediate, intimate, and inseparable connection of the actions and activities of the individual with the environment, high-lighting the significance of the individual in directly contributing to the combined load of chemicals in environment. Each source for PPCPs can impact various physical environ-mental Acompartments@. For the environmental chemist, this means that analytical tools are required to detect and quantify individual PPCPs (at very low, trace concentrations) in various environmental Amatri-ces@ (e.g., water, sediment, suspended solids, sludges, tissues, etc.). The immediate environmental dispo sition for PPCPs is primarily to the terrestrial or aquatic environments. Because of the polar, less-volatile nature of most PPCPs (in contrast to the conventional industrial pollutants), the ultimate sink tends to be the aquatic environment. Some of the major environmental compartments in which PPCPs can occur include surface waters (streams, rivers, lakes, and estuaries receiving treated sewage), ground waters, tissues of aquatic organisms, and to a much lesser degree, drinking water. The ramifications for both human and ecological health are unknown.
Daughton and Jones-Lepp; Pharmaceuticals and Care Products in the Environment ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2001.
Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on June 9, 2017 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: July 30, 2001 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2001-0791.fw001
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES
791
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment Scientific and Regulatory Issues
Christian G. Daughton,
EDITOR U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Tammy L. Jones-Lepp,
EDITOR U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
Daughton and Jones-Lepp; Pharmaceuticals and Care Products in the Environment ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2001.
TD 196
.D78P42 2001
C. 1
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products i n the Library of Congress Cataloging Publication Data Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment : scientific and regulatory issues / Christian G. Daughton, editor, Tammu L. Jones-Lepp, editor. p. cm.—(ACS symposiumseries;791) Includes bibliographical references and index.
Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on June 9, 2017 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: July 30, 2001 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2001-0791.fw001
ISBN 0-8412-3739-5 1. Drugs—Environmental. 2. Toilet preparations—Environmental. 3. Drugs— Toxicology. 4. Toilet preparations—Toxicology. I. Daughton, Christian G. (Christian Gaaei) II. Jones-Lepp, Tammy L. III. Series. TD196.D78 .P42 363.738—dc21
2001 2001022568
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Copyright © 2001 American Chemical Society Distributed by Oxford University Press All Rights Reserved. Reprographic copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act is allowed for internal use only, provided that a per chapter fee of $20.50 plus $0.75 per page is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Dan vers, M A 01923, USA. Republication or reproduction for sale of pages in this book is permitted only under license from ACS. Direct these and other permission requests to ACS Copyright Office, Publications Division, 1155 16th St., N.W., Washington, DC 20036. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by ACS of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or permission to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Daughton and Jones-Lepp; Pharmaceuticals and Care Products in the Environment ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2001.
Foreword
Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on June 9, 2017 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: July 30, 2001 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2001-0791.fw001
The A C S Symposium Series was first published in 1974 to provide a mechanism for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The purpose of the series is to publish timely, comprehensive books developed from A C S sponsored symposia based on current scientific research. Occasion ally, books are developed from symposia sponsored by other organiza tions when the topic is of keen interest to the chemistry audience. Before agreeing to publish a book, the proposed table of contents is reviewed for appropriate and comprehensive coverage and for interest to the audience. Some papers may be excluded to better focus the book; others may be added to provide comprehensiveness. When appropriate, overview or introductory chapters are added. Drafts of chapters are peer reviewed prior to final acceptance or rejection, and manuscripts are prepared in camera-ready format. As a rule, only original research papers and original review papers are included in the volumes. Verbatim reproductions of previously published papers are not accepted. A C S Books Department
Daughton and Jones-Lepp; Pharmaceuticals and Care Products in the Environment ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2001.
