book reviews are wen-indexed. Still, no other work contains the same information as the "Atlas" with ready access in so many ways, and it will find use. It makes an excellent reference work for modern qualitative~rganicanalysisbased on spectra, mp, and bp. and can be used ns such w ~ t hunknowns in the secund semester organic lahoratorycourse. It is attractively done and practically arranged for easy use. Roben 8. Bates The Univemify of Arizona Tucson. Arizona 85721
Operational Ampllflers In Chemical lnstrumentailon
Robert Kolooda, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. John Wiley & Sans, Ine., New York, 1975. 178 pages. Figures and Tables. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. $23.50
Advances In Llquld Crystals. Volume One Edited by Glenn H. Brown, Kent State University. Academic Press, New York, 1975. xi 320 pp. Figs. and tables. 23.5 X 15.5 cm. $31.50.
Thomas A. Carlson, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Plenum Press, New York, London, 1975. xiii 417 pages. Figures and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $32.50
The past decade has seen an explosive development of the field of liquid crystal studies. As such, it was only a matter of time hefore a series devoted to their study would he offered. Volume I of "Advances in Liquid Crystals" edited by Glenn H. Brown is now available. The format is typical of "Advances" books: a series of articles by experts in the field with no particular relation among the different articles. This volume covers lyotropic liquid crystal phases in systems of amphiphilic compounds (Per Ekwall), the use of X-ray analysis to elucidate structure and order in liauid crvstals (I. Chistvakov). mesomorohic
I t is very pleasing to find a volume to cover ultraviolet photoelectron (UPS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and t o treat them in a unified manner. The hook contains six chapters. In the ureface. the author sets his urimarv nurnose Ear use bf researchers and w&ld-b~ resrarrhers in the field uf electron apeetroacop". In the rwwuer's opinmn, this lmgk is also useful for advanced graduate students of physics, chemistry, and biology who would like to know its potential applications in their fields. The author has done an admirable job in describing three electron spectroscopic techniques in easily readable features. The first chapter is devoted to a basic, I would say very elementary, introduction into the ionization. The second chapter describes the instrumentation and experimental procedures. One of the special features of this b w k is that the author includes his own experience in his discussion. This is particularly true in this ehaoter. This is a verv interestine ehaoter for those with interests in designing or shopping for a new photoelectron spectrometer. Chapter 3 concerns the fundamental eoncepts. I t describes elementary quantum chemistry and molecular orbital theory. Chapter 4 deals with photoelectron spectroscoov of the outer shells. In this chaoter.
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As the title implies, this short monograph describes the use of operational amplifiers in the construction of laboratory instrumentation. It is written for the worker who understands the applications of instrumental techniques but whose background in instrumental design is limited. The first three chapters deal with the fundamentals of operational amplifier (OA) circuits. The OA is treated as a "black box" eliminating the complex internal design considerations and rationalization of properties included in more advanced treatments. Emphasis is placed on the use of simple external circuitry t o modify OA behavior. Equations are used to quantify some of the principles but the author does not insist on rigor a t the expense of clarity. Beginning with Chapter 4 the discussion becomes morespecialized and applications oriented as exemolified. for examole.. hv . the discussion of active filters in ac polarography or instrumentation amplifiers for temperature measurement. Of particular interest is the discussion in Chapters 5 and 6 concerning the various types of OA's, their specifications and how these are determined. This will be of great help to the beginner who is faced with choosing from a hewildering array of rnanufacturer's literature. The remainder of the text is liberally documented with sample circuits in which actual values for thc components are presented whrre poss~ble.Heing so sprrific some of this informatton will t.eromeout ofdate but this should not detract seriously from the presentation. There are also extensive literature references to specific applications in a variety of chemical experiments. This book would he well suited as an introductory text for beginners in instrument design, possibly as part of a n instrumental analysis course. It is particularly distressing, however, that the publishers have chosen to price this small book out of the range of many students.
of developments of major themes of importance. On the average, the reviews in this first volume, fall toward the encyclopedic side. The most notable exception is the contribution of G.W. Smith. His article starts out with a guide to the review articles in this field, a very useful device for those wanting to obtain an acquaintance with the subject. The problems considered in the article are then stated carefully and the progress (and lack of it) are nicely discussed. There are references added in proof which serve to extend the literature citations to 1975. The articles by Ekwall and Chistyakov are very technical and condensed. They are compendiums of information about their respective topics with little attempt a t evaluation or overview. This is not to say that they are not valuable; however, they are, in my view, solely intended for the expert who would like all the oertinent literature summarired in m e place. 'The remaining articles lie iwtween their crtrcmei. The study u l liquid crystals spans bidogy, chemistry, physics, and materials science. They are important in biological processes, theoretical develovments in hvdradynamics, instability theory, electm-optic devices, polymers, defect theories, and many other tooics. One then exoects future volumes of rh;r wries toalzocontnin nrrirleson very diverse t o p m At the high level of presentation of the current volume I would not recommend that libraries provide a standing order for the series. Rather, those volumes which have articles of interest to the particular institution should be obtained.
George S. Wilson University of A r i m Tucson. 8572 1
Robert I. Cukler Michigan State University East Lansing, 48823
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A348 / Journal of Chemical Education
Photoelectron and Auger Spectroscopy.
Kleman). The general level of these contributions is very advanced. The authors presuppose an expert knowledge of the given topic and proceed ta collect and analyze the pertinent literature. Reviews tend to fall somewhere
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organic molecules. This chapter is relatively brief. More detailed discussion would be desirable. Next chapter covers photoelectron spectroscopy of the inner shells. In this chapter, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is discussed ineludine core electrons. chemical shifts, and applmtmns of XPS. This chapter is expertly done A final chapter desrrihes the theory of Auger process, its use for gases and solids, and the use of AES in the study of surfaces. This chapter should he expanded in the future edition. Although the treatment of AES is rather brief, it may be adequate far the author's ouroose t o limit the size of the book. The suhjecr of angular distrilrution of phorwlerrnms provide3 a guide in a fidd not well covered elsewhere. There are relatively few typographical errors and most of these can he easily recognized by the readers. In his stated aims, I believe the author has succeeded in producing a highly readable introduction to the electron spectroscopy. The hook will form a useful addition to other few already existed monographs. A list of 1002 references is a great value for those in search for literatureon UPS, XPS, and AES up to 1975.
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K. L. Cheno
