author possible improvements in future editions. I t is to these onds that the following questions are directed. Why devote considerable space to the periodic law hut fail to follow through by treating a t lesst two families of elements in terms of position in the periodic table? Why include, in the appendix, sections on mathematics, the slide rule and logarithms, hut provide less than fifty numerical problems in the entire text? Why neglect to label numerical quantities with the proper units and t o give some attention to significant figures? Why detract from a good general development of the principles of equilibrium by a very superficial treatment of ionic equilibrium? Why not define hydrolysis correct,ly? This concept is defined in four different places, no two being exactly the same and none being completely adequate. Why not place the excellent chapter on Electrochemistry after the chapter on Oxidation and Reduction and use i t as a logical extension of the concepts of oxidation and reduction? Why discuss freezing point lowering without anywhere defining freezing point? Why, especially in a hook about an exact science, make the statement, "You could never cook potatoes over a campfire a t the top of an extremely high mountain."? Having reasonably demonstrated that he really read the book and was not completely carried away by the publisher's glowing account of the virtues of same, the reviewer now feels free to commend the author on a job well done itnd to recommend the product of his labors for serious consideration as a text for a course about rhemistry in a general education program. University of Toledo Toledo, Ohio
Treotise on Analytical Chemistry. Pmrt 2, Analytical Chemistry of the Elements. Volume 5.
I. M. Kolthoff, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and Philip J.Eloing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Interscience Publishers, h e . , New Yark, 1961. xxi 409 pp. Figs. and tables. 16.5 X 24 em. Subscription price, $13.75. Regular price, $15.50.
+
For reviews of earlier volumes of the treatise see THIS JOURNAL37, 108J1960); 38, A842, A844, (1961); 39, A52 (1962). The present volume continues consideration of the systematic analytical chemistry of the elements. The chapter on Titanium (60 pages) is written by Edward R. Scheffer. Zirconium and hafnium are thoroughly covered in the 77-page chapter by Richard B. Hahn. F. S. Grimddi bas written the 77-page chapter on thorium, while A. J. Clear and Milton Roth have discussed (99 pages) the analytical chemistry of nitrogen. William Rieman, 111, and John
A132 / Journal of Chemicol Education
Beukanksmp have collaborated in presenting the 85-page chapter on phosphorus. Each chapter follows the organizational plan noted in earlier volumes of this section. Discussions include the oecurrence of the element, its properties and uses. sneeial samnlinx nroblems. auslitx-
several selected laboratory procedures conclude each chapter. Each chapter is well indexed and very thoroughly doeumented. The individual chapters are well written and show evidence of careful editing. The treatment of eaeh element is thorough, though. not exhaustive. Particularly useful is the section in eaeh chapter devoted to critically selected methods. Here the expprience of the individual authors is evident and their judgments merit careful ronsideration. The teacher of analytical chemistry is certain to find much interesting material and many illustrative examples of analytical techniques in this treatise. The chemist faced with an analytical problem involving one of the elements here treated will probably find no better starting place inplanninghis attack.
JOHNR. HAYES l'he Pmnsylvania Slate Uniterstt?~ University Park
Physical Chemistry for Pharmacy and Biology
Students of
S . C. Wallwork, University of Nottingham, England. 2nd ed. Longmans, Green & Co., Inc., New York, 1960. xiv 354 pp. Figs. and tables. 14 X 21.5cm. Paperbound. $3.75.
+
Author Wallwork purposes in his hook "to cover 811 the topics in physical chemistry which are required by students of pharmacology and biology." Though shortcomings do exist, he has more than average success in that objective, and his volume ia certain to recruit users from the ranks of premedical and predental students as well. When any standard presentation is adapted to a supporting role, the author faces the question of what elementary explanations to introduce, what advanced topics to omit, and how professionallyoriented t o make the examples. The first of these oonsiderations is served by the opening chapter, Mathematical Preparation. In a dozen pages it reviews the concepts of graphs, exponents, derivatives, and integrals. Even so, the remainder of the hook shows admirable restraint in this respect, using mathematical equations judiciously itnd effectively. The Properties and Constitution of Matter covers in 21 Pages the physical As t o states and phase transitions. choice of coverage, the section on gases for example uses the equation of state fully, hut presents the van der Wads equation without numerical application. Chapters 3 itnd 4 do an excellent job on atomic and molecular structure.
Chapter 5 is devoted to kinetics and catalysis. Mathematical treatment includes the two simplest rate equations, energy of activation by collision theory, and the adsorption isotherm. Special attention is given the latter as extended to enzyme systems. Chapter 6 gives a fairly classic treatment of solutions and their colligative properties; heterogeneous solution equilib ria are included. The rich physiological implieatiom of the chapter are well developed. Equilibrium, moleoular equilibria, and solubility product are quickly disphsed of, then ~ r i n c i ~ aconsideration l is eiven to electrolysis, transport numbers, and conductance. The find 10 pages present entropy and free energy, and develop the reaction isotherm and the Gihbs-Helmholtz equation. Acids and Bases uses Br#nated nomenclature throughout with excellent effectiveness. Pharmacological implications are numerous, and well exploited. Surface Chemistry is the subject of Chapter 10, with adsorption, chromatography, and ion exchange included. Principal emphasis goes however t o the properties and reactions of surf- film.. The chapter, which includes one page on the biological significance of adsorption, is almost entirely qualitative in its approach. The hook concludes with an exeellent 30-page chapter on Colloids. The presentation is well-rounded, even with the expected emphasis on Donnan equilibria. Also logical is the plentiful use of illustrai tions from living systems. Ten detailed laboratory experiments are interspersed through the hook. The experiments are chosen to illustrate basic relationships in physical chemistry, yet to involve no specialized equipment. The list is reminiscent of the laborato~.y work undertaken currently by the special section often set up for the science talented student in general chemistry. A bibliography of 20 specialized sourcea (very largely British) appears in the appendix, but no titles for reading or further study are suggested a t the end of individual chapters. Each ehapter haa a selection of problems, theanswers to which are available in the appendix. The author's writing style is lucid and uncomplicated. British spelling, vocabulary, and usage are of course noticeable, aa "index" and "gradient" for "exponent" and "slope" respectively, and many others. More serious is the repeated use of "strength" or "quantity," when "eoncentration" is the desired meaning. I n any such hook the topics selected for inclusion, and the relative weight given eaeh, are necessarily matters of opinion. Wallwork has chosen wisely and laid his emphases well. It may be mildly regretted that absolute rate theory, as well as the concepts of work and maximum work go unmentioned, while four pages are devoted to multiple fractional extraction. Very serious underemphasis is given the topic of radiochemistry. Neither that word nor "tracer" appears in the index; the brief treatment given (less than a page) is found under "isotopes."
.
.
(CmUinucd on page A134)
BOOK REVIEWS
striven t o maintain functional balance hetween theory and experiment, since "all reference electrodes must. be examined All told, this reviewer considers Wallfrom both mechanistic and thermodynamic work in this second edition has produced viewpoints. They must, in the limit, be an excellent yet inexpensive book, nicely regarded as working electrodes a t whirb trimmed to the objectives of the specialbalanced processes maintain s. dynamic ized group for whieh i t is designed. equilibrium which the act of use in measWILLIAM H. JONES urement must not significantly disturb; Emory University . . .these processes. . .are themselves of Atlanta, Georgia great intrinsic interest." Twelve chapters cover theory, the hydrogen electrode ("the best electrode of all, Reference Electrodes: Theory and Pmccapable of the highest degree of rep*+ tice dueibility"), mercury-mercury (I) salt, Edited by David J. G. Ives, Birbeck silver-silver halide, glass, quinhydrane, College, London, England, and George oxide and sulfide, sulfate, and membrane J. Janz, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inelectrodes, nonaqueous reference, biostitute, Troy, New York. Academic logical, m d fused-salt electrodes. 651 Press, Inc., New York, 1961. xi Ever since Theodore William Richards pp. Figs. and tables. 16.5 X 23.5 em. of Harvard, in his classic study of the $20. thermal electromotive forces of the calomel electrode (2.physik. Chem., 24,39 (1897)) "RefereuceEleotrodes,"edited by D.J. G. described the behavior of some of his Ives of Birkbeck College, London, and G. ealomels as "lobenswerte," electrochemists . I . Jane of R.P.I., includes as co-authors, have been on the look-out for "praisetogether with the editors, R. G. Bates of worthy" and "unprrtiseworthy" electrodes. the National Bureau of Standards, D. B. The present volume, in an admirable blend Cater and I. A. Silver of Cambridge, G. J. of theory and experimental details, enHills of Imperial College, R. W. Laity of deavors t o give sufficient information so Princeton, and F. R. Smith of Mullard that the user will be able to prepare only Research Laboratories, of Salfords, Red"praiseworthy" electrodes. In a treatise hill, Surrey, England. as comprehensive as this one, one might The authorsstate they havelong felt the regret that the thermal emf's of the refneed of a book covering "critical and re* erenceelectrodes, which werealready being sonsbly exhaustive accounts, nith full studied by Richards in the aforementioned bibliographies, of the experimental methpaper of 1897, and which bave received ods by whieh the most reliable reference (Continued on page 4136) electrodes may be set up." They bave
..
+
'r
34
/
Journal o f Chemical Education
