Planet of viruses

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Thursday, October 30, 2014

“The Future of Drug Discovery: Challenges, Risks, and Rewards” Dr. Richard Connell, VP of Ext. Research Solutions, Pfizer Dr. Jeff Zablocki, Senior Director, Gilead Sciences

Thursday, November 6, 2014

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“Planet of Viruses”

Beth Hamelin Chemist, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Carl Zimmer New York Times Journalist and Author, Fellow, Yale University

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A Planet of Viruses

Carl Zimmer American Chemical Society Webinar, October 23, 2014

cnews.com

As of October 14: 8914 cases, 4447 deaths (CDC)

news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/09/140925-mapping-the-spread-of-ebola/ http://news.nationalgeographic.com

Ebolavirus

cdc.gov

Ebola virus (blue) emerging from an infected cell (yellow)

NIAID flic.kr/p/o15Y5n

First documented in 1976; 2998 deaths in all Ebola outbreaks before 2014.

Franquet's Epauletted Bat (Epomops franqueti)

Photo by Jakob Fahr inaturalist.org/taxa/40804Epomops-franqueti

Olival and Hayman, Viruses 2014, 6(4), 1759-1788;

Audience Survey Question

Which of the following viruses have been responsible for the most deaths? • • • • •

HIV Influenza Smallpox Ebola YouTube’s Viral Videos

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Ebola: 7,445 deaths ever

Ebola: 7,445 deaths ever

Area proportional to number of deaths

Influenza: over 250,000 deaths per year

HIV: 1.6 million deaths per year

Smallpox: ~ 5 million deaths per year in the 20th century

Where do viruses come from?

From Zimmer, The Tangled Bank (Second Edition)

Faria et al Science 3 October 2014: 346:56-61

Cave of Crystals, Mexico

Erik K. Veland http://www.flickr.com/photos/16346469@N00/437201319

https://picasaweb.google.com/zichali

Vostok

http://www.flickr.com/photos/nsf_beta/4514670771/

Yau et al, PNAS 2011 108:15 6163-6168

Our inner ecology

How many viruses are there?

Audience Survey Question Approximately, how many viruses are there? • • • • •

Trillions (12 zeros) Quintillions (18 zeros) Sextillions (21 zeros) Octillions (27 zeros) Nonillions (30 zeros)

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How many viruses are there? Answer: 10000000000000000000000000000000

200,000,000 light years

Distance: Hendrix, Advances in Virus Research 2005 64:1

Time to surrender?

Smallpox

Pharaoh Ramses V

World Health Organization

Edward Jenner

Wikipedia

Rabies: 69,000 deaths a year

Lankester et al Science 2014 345:1562-1564 web.stanford.edu/virus

Lankester et al Science 2014 345:1562-1564

Get ahead of the next outbreak

Guinea deforestation

The Real Hot Zone

http://elifesciences.org/content/3/e04395

Use viruses as medical tools

Tree-top Disease

Bill Tyne http://www.flickr.com/photos/85265584@N00/ 2288300863

Baculovirus

ent.iastate.edu/dept/faculty/bonningb/fil es/images/baculovirus.jpg

See Hoover et al, Science 2011 333:1401

From Tree-top Disease to Flu Vaccine

Flublok (Protein Sciences)

Use viruses to fight other diseases

David Vetter, a boy with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency

Murine Leukemia Virus

MicrobeWiki

See Hacein-Bey-Abina et al N Engl J Med 2014; 371:1407-1417

Gene therapy

See Hacein-Bey-Abina et al N Engl J Med 2014; 371:1407-1417

For more information, visit carlzimmer.com






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Rachna Ram, Ph.D. Intellectual Property Analyst Energy Biosciences Institute University of California at Berkeley

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Planet of viruses

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