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Plasmonic color-graded nanosystems with achromatic sub-wavelength architectures for light filtering and advanced SERS detection Remo Proietti Zaccaria, Francesco Bisio, Gobind Das, Giulia Maidecchi, Michael Caminale, Chinh Duc Vu, Francesco De Angelis, Enzo Di Fabrizio, Andrea Toma, and Maurizio Canepa ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00726 • Publication Date (Web): 09 Mar 2016 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on March 12, 2016
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Plasmonic color-graded nanosystems with achromatic sub-wavelength architectures for light filtering and advanced SERS detection Remo Proietti Zaccaria†, Francesco Bisio⊥,*, Gobind Das†,‡, Giulia Maidecchi¶,♦, Michael Caminale¶,§, Chinh Duc Vu¶,♯, Francesco De Angelis†, Enzo Di Fabrizio‡, Andrea Toma†, Maurizio Canepa¶
† Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova (Italy), ⊥ Istituto Superconduttori, Materiali Innovativi e Dispositivi (SPIN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Corso Perrone 24, 16152 Genova (Italy), ‡ PSE division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal (Saudi Arabia) ¶ OptMatLab, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova (Italy) ♯ Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet road, Cau Giay district, Hanoi (Vietnam). § present address: INAC-SPINTEC, CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs - Bat. 10.05, F‐38000 Grenoble (France). ♦ present address: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova (Italy)
KEYWORDS: plasmonics, colour sorting, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, nanoparticles, self-organization.
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ABSTRACT: Plasmonic colour-graded systems are devices featuring a spatially variable plasmonic response over their surface. They are widely used as nanoscale colour filters; their typical size is small enough to allow integration with miniaturized electronic circuits paving the way to realize novel nanophotonic devices. Currently, most plasmonic colour-graded systems are intrinsically discrete, as their chromatic response exploits the tailored plasmon resonance of micro-architectures characterized by different size and/or geometry for each target colour. Here we report the realization of multifunctional plasmon-graded devices where continuouslygraded chromatic response is achieved by smoothly tuning the composition of the resonator material while simultaneously maintaining an achromatic nanoscale geometry. The result is a new class of versatile materials: we show their application as plasmonic filters with a potential pixel size smaller than half of the exciting wavelength, but also as multiplexed surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates. Many more implementations, like photovoltaic efficiency boosters or colour routers await, and will benefit from the low fabrication cost and intrinsic plasmonic flexibility of the presented systems.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Introduction Plasmons are collective resonant oscillations of the free electron gas in metal nanostructures excited by incident electromagnetic (EM) fields 1-4; they are associated with physical effects of tremendous fundamental and applicative appeal, such as sub-wavelength manipulation of light and ultrasensitive detection 5-7. Plasmon resonances enhance the light-scattering and absorption cross sections, meaning welldefined colours may be introduced in nanomaterials by endowing them with tailored metallic resonators supporting plasmons at the desired frequencies. Nanophotonic devices featuring a spatially-graded, rather than homogeneous, plasmonic response extend such a colour-tailoring concept in a simple, yet extremely appealing, manner. These so-called colour-graded plasmonic systems, based on various physical effects and realized by exploiting a number of nanoarchitectures, have indeed recently found exciting new applications in holography, spectral imaging and colour sorting, and are becoming an increasingly widespread tool in photonics 8-19. When used as colour filters, plasmon-graded systems have an obvious advantage over macroscopic optical filters in their intrinsic microscopic size, yet they share the potential disadvantage of being typically tuned to function at a discrete set of wavelengths (analogous to red-green-blue pixels). Thus, albeit their small size enables the direct integration with downscaled electronics in original hybrid nanophotonic devices, their plasmonic-resonator geometry hardly lends itself to smoothly vary over the microscopic length scales of realistic miniaturized devices to accommodate a truly “continuous” plasmonic grading. At variance with these conventional discrete systems, we introduce here the innovative concept of continuously-graded plasmonic systems with achromatic sub-wavelength nano-architectures. We demonstrate a planar plasmonic device where the spatially-graded plasmon resonance is a truly continuous function of the spatial coordinates over the sample surface. The plasmonic-colour grading is achieved by tuning the chemical composition of the material rather than its geometry, 3 ACS Paragon Plus Environment
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exploiting the plasmon-wavelength tuning of AuAg alloys 20, and thus maintaining a strictly colourinvariant nanoscale system architecture. The devices presented in this paper are composed by 2-dimensional (2D) arrays of densely-packed AuαAg(1−α)-alloy NPs, that continuously span the 0
