Polymerizable Supramolecular Approach to Highly Conductive

May 19, 2017 - Joonsik Seo , Chandra Kantha , Joonyoung F. Joung , Sungnam Park , Raz Jelinek , Jong‐Man Kim. Small 2019 55, 1901342 ...
1 downloads 0 Views 1MB Size
Subscriber access provided by CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY

Article

Polymerizable Supramolecular Approach to Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Patterns Taegeun Kim, Suryong Ha, Hyosung Choi, Kyungchan Uh, Umesha Kundapur, Sumin Park, Chan Woo Lee, Sang-hwa Lee, Jaeyong Kim, and Jong-Man Kim ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Just Accepted Manuscript • Publication Date (Web): 19 May 2017 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on May 21, 2017

Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a free service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are accessible to all readers and citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.

Page 1 of 23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Polymerizable

Supramolecular

Approach

to

Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Patterns Tae Geun Kim,† Su Ryong Ha,‡ Hyosung Choi,*,‡ Kyungchan Uh,† Umesha Kundapur,§ Sumin Park,† Chan Woo Lee,*,§ Sang-hwa Lee,∥ Jaeyong Kim,∥,§ and Jong-Man Kim*,†, § †

Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea



Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea § ∥

Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea

ABSTRACT Owing to its high conductivity, solution processability, mechanical flexibility and transparency, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has been extensively explored for use in functional devices including solar cells, sensors, light emitting diodes and supercapacitors. The ability to fabricate patterned PEDOT:PSS on a solid substrate is of significant importance in order to develop practical applications of this conducting polymer. Herein we describe a new approach to obtain PEDOT:PSS patterns that is based on a polymerizable supramolecular concept. Specifically, we found that UV irradiation of a photopolymerizable diacetylene containing PEDOT:PSS film followed by development in deionized water and subsequent treatment with sulfuric acid (glass and silicon wafer) or formic acid (PET) produces micron-sized PEDOT:PSS patterns on solid substrates. The newly designed photolithographic method, which can be employed to generate highly conductive (>1000 S/cm) PEDOT:PSS patterns, has many advantages including the use of aqueous process conditions, a reduced number of process steps and no requirement for plasma etching procedures. KEYWORDS: PEDOT:PSS, polydiacetylene, conducting polymer, pattern, photolithography A ACS Paragon Plus Environment

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Page 2 of 23

INTRODUCTION Conducting polymers have been extensively employed as key materials in a variety of functional devices including sensors, organic light emitting diodes, solar cells, and actuators. Among

the

numerous

conducting

polymers

explored,

poly(3,4-

ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) has received special attention owing to its solution processability, mechanical flexibility and transparency.1-7 In addition, this polymer displays high conductivity (>4000 S/cm) following treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid.8

The combination of these optical, electrical and mechanical properties makes

PEDOT:PSS a unique and attractive substance for organic based functional devices. For practical application, it must be possible to fabricate readily patterned images of PEDOT:PSS on solid substrates. For this purpose, several techniques have been developed including inkjet printing,9-10 pulsed UV lasing,11 mold transfer,12 photolithographic methods,13-14 dilution filtration,15-17 transfer printing/lamination.18-19 Among these approaches, photolithography is the most popular and practical method for generating of PEDOT:PSS patterns. In the typical photolithographic process, a photoresist material is coated over a PEDOT:PSS film. Photomasked UV irradiation followed by removal of the unprotected PEDOT:PSS layer by using an etching process (typically by oxygen-plasma etching) then yields a patterned photoresist. Finally, removal of the residual photoresist layer affords PEDOT:PSS patterns. Although this approach enables generation of PEDOT:PSS patterns with sub-micron sized resolution, it requires an orthogonal photoresist material, development in a special organic solvent (e.g. hydrofluoroether) and a plasma etching step. More recently, a protocol for photolithographic patterning of PEDOT:PSS that utilizes silk protein as a resist material was devised.20 The silk-matrix-based approach enables the generation of conducting polymer macro patterns using an aqueous process. The fact that the resist material is derived

B ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 3 of 23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

from a silk protein makes it difficult to utilize this process in a general manner in typical laboratories. To overcome limitations associated with the photolithographic methods described to date, we have designed a new approach that is based on a polymerizable supramolecular concept. The new method, which produces highly conductive (>1000 S/cm) PEDOT:PSS patterns, involves a reduced number of process steps, does not require a plasma etching procedures and is all aqueous processable.

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Materials. The PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution (Clevios PH1000) was purchased from Heraeus Clevios with a solid concentration 1.0–1.3 wt% and used as received. 10,12Pentacosdiynoic acid (PCDA) was purchased from GFS chemicals. 2-Aminoethylsulfate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Korea).

Instruments. Optical microscopic images were collected with an Olympus BX 51W/DP70. Raman spectra were obtained using the wide illumination (WAI) scheme (PhAT system, Kaiser Optical Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, USA). XRD data were collected using a D8 Discover (Bruker,

Germany).

Spectrophotometer

UV/VIS/NIR

(Lambda

1050,

spectra

were

PerkinElmer).

obtained The

using

a

UV/Vis/NIR

direct-current

conductivity

measurements of the films were performed using the four-line-probe method with a Keithley 237 Source-Measure Unit.

Synthesis of Sodium 2-pentacosa-10,12-diynamidoethyl sulfate (PCDSA). To a mixture of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (1.0 g, 2.67 mmol) and 2-aminoethyl hydrogen sulfate (0.31 g, 2.22 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) was added triethylamine (0.67 g, C ACS Paragon Plus Environment

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

6.66 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere. 1-Propanephosphonic anhydride solution 50% w/w in EtOAc (2.12 mL, 3.33 mmol) was then added dropwise at 0 °C. The resulting homogeneous solution was stirred at room temperature for 18 h. After concentration in vacuo, the residue was diluted with water (50 mL), acidified by adding 3N hydrochloric acid and washed with dichloromethane (3 x 50 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and basified with 10% sodium bicarbonate. The precipitate formed by standing in a freezer overnight was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried under suction. The crude material was triturated with acetonitrile (20 mL), filtered and dried in vacuo to afford the title compound (0.9 g, 79%) as white solid. IR: (cm-1) vmax 723, 781, 955, 1024, 1079, 1221, 1460, 1557, 1641, 2918, 2952, 3295. 1H NMR: (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.85 (t, 1H) 3.69 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.19 (q, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.26 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 4H), 2.04 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.46-1.23 (m, 32H), 0.85 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 3H). 13C NMR: (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 172.14, 77.96, 65.35, 65.31, 64.38, 35.30, 31.30, 29.00, 28.94, 28.86, 28.70, 28.38, 28.23, 28.16, 27.74, 27.68, 25.20, 22.10, 18.27, 13.96.

Fabrication of PEDOT:PSS Patterns. A PEDOT:PSS solution containing 5 wt% PCDSA was spin-coated on a glass substrate to make a thin polymer film (thickness: ca. 100 nm). Photomasked UV irradiation (254 nm, 28.3 mW/cm2, 10 min) was followed by incubation of the glass substrate in deionized water for 1 min at ambient temperature. The water treated glass substrate was then exposed to a concentrated H2SO4 solution (18 M) for 10 min, washed with water and dried to give conductive PEDOT:PSS patterns. A similar procedure was used for patterning on a silicon wafer. Since the PET substrate is labile to strong sulfuric acid, aqueous formic acid solution (99.0 %) was used in the final step of the process to afford a PEDOT:PSS patterned flexible PET film.

D ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 4 of 23

Page 5 of 23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Device fabrication and characterization. The ITO-coated and PCDSA-PEDOT:PSS film-coated glass substrates were used for fabrication of control and ITO-free devices, respectively. For control device, after UV-ozone treatment for 10 min, a solution of poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS, Clevios VP Al 4083) was spincoated onto ITO substrate at 4000 rpm for 40 s and then baked at 140 oC for 10 min. For ITO-free device, PEDOT:PSS layer was deposited on PCDSA-PEDOT:PSS electrode using same spin-coating condition without UV-ozone treatment. The same procedures was used to deposite the active layer and aluminum (Al) cathode for both devices. The substrates were transferred into a glove box and the active layer was spin-coated on the PEDOT:PSS layer from the solution of PTB7-Th:PC71BM = 1:1.5 (w/w) dissolved in mixed solvent of chlorobenzene (CB) and diphenylether (DPE) (CB:DPE=97:3 vol.%). Subsequently, an Al electrode (thickness of 100 nm) was deposited on top of the active layer under vacuum (1500 S/cm) and formic acid was also found to efficiently induce conductivity (992 S/cm). The other reagent resulted in formation of the following order of conductivity: nitric acid (612 S/cm), methane sulfonic acid (424 S/cm), ethylene glycol (372 S/cm) and phosphoric acid (200 S/cm).

K ACS Paragon Plus Environment

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Figure 2. UV-vis absorption spectra (a), near IR spectra (b) Raman spectra (c) and wide angle XRD patterns (d) of PEDOT:PSS films on glass substrates derived from 5 wt% PCDSA-PEDOT:PSS before UV irradiation (black line), after 254 nm UV irradiation (28.3 mW/cm2) for 10 min (red line) and after treatment with 18M aqueous H2SO4 (blue line). (e) Conductivity of patterned PEDOT:PSS films as a function of weight ratio of the embedded diacetylene PCDSA. (f) Solvent dependent conductivity of patterned PEDOT:PSS films (5 wt% PCDSA).

The next phase of the investigation focused on the creation of patterned PEDOT:PSS images on a flexible and transparent substrate. One advantage of using polymeric rather than conventional inorganic conducting materials is their relative ease with which flexible conducting patterns are created.

In order to test the feasibility of producing flexible and

transparent conducting patterns, 5 wt% PCDSA-PEDOT:PSS was spin-coated on an oxygen

L ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 12 of 23

Page 13 of 23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

plasma treated transparent PET film (thickness: ca. 100 nm). Sequential photomasked UV irradiation (254 nm, 28.3 mW/cm2, 10 min), water development (deionized water, 1 min), and formic acid treatment (99%, 10 min) of the composite film afforded patterned flexible PEDOT:PSS images (Figure 3a). Because the PET substrate is reactive with concentrated sulfuric acid, formic acid, which does not damage the polymer substrate, was used as the final dopant solvent. The patterned conducting PET film produced in this manner had a conductivity of >900 S/cm. The highly conductive nature of the PEDOT:PSS patterns on the PET film was demonstrated by employing them in a circuit used to turn on a LED light (Figure 3b, see also supporting Movie S1).

Figure 3. (a) A flexible PEDOT:PSS patterned PET film. The conducting polymer pattern was fabricated using 5 wt% PCDSA-PEDOT:PSS by sequential UV irradiation (28.3 mW/cm2, 10 min), development in deionized water followed by treatment with formic acid. Formic acid was employed since concentrated sulfuric acid resulted in the damage of the PET film. (b) Turning on of a LED using a PEDOT patterned PET film (working voltage: 3V, frequency: 1.0 Hz).

M ACS Paragon Plus Environment

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

To confirm the usefulness of the PCDSA-PEDOT:PSS transparent conducting polymer, it was utilized in place of an ITO anode to fabricate a polymer solar cell. The simple device had the following configuration: (PCDSA-PEDOT:PSS) anode / PEDOT:PSS / active layer / Al cathode. The PEDOT:PSS between anode and the active layer is used as hole transport layer for efficient hole transport/collection efficiency (Figure S3 and Table S1). The active layer consisted of poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)] (PTB7Th) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester

(PC71BM), where PTB7-Th is one of the

highest performing photovoltaic polymers used for polymer solar cells. For comparison purposes, we also prepared a control device using an ITO substrate. In Figure 4a and 4b are shown the current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics and external quantum efficiency (EQE) curves of the ITO and PCDSA-PEDOT:PSS anode based devices. The control device with an ITO anode had a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.04% with short-circuit current density (JSC) of 14.09 mA cm-2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.80 V, and fill factor (FF) of 0.62. Importantly, the PCDSA-PEDOT:PSS based device exhibits a performance that is comparable to that of the ITO based device. Specifically, the device constructed using a PCDSA-PEDOT:PSS anode had a JSC of 15.23 mA cm-2, VOC of 0.76 V, and FF of 0.58, giving rise to a PCE of 6.70%. The slightly lower PCE of the device with PCDSAPEDOT:PSS resulted from the lower conductivity of PCDSA-PEDOT:PSS compared to that of ITO (~10,000 S/cm).41-42 We compared our result with previous works on organic and perovskite solar cells based on PEDPT:PSS electrode (Table S2). The difference between the EQE curves for two devices is attributed to a difference between the transmittances of ITO and PCDSA-PEDOT:PSS electrode in the UV to near IR wavelength region (Figure S4). Calculated JSC values from EQE curves of both devices were in a good agreement with those derived from J-V measurements. N ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 14 of 23

Page 15 of 23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Figure 4. J-V characteristics (a) and EQE curves (b) of polymer solar cells based on an ITO and a PCDSA-PEDOT:PSS anode.

CONCLUSIONS In summary, the above study resulted in the development of a straightforward method for fabricating PEDOT:PSS patterns on solid substrates. By employing a photopolymerizable O ACS Paragon Plus Environment

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

hydrophilic diacetylene as a dissolution inhibitor, we were able to create micronsized conducting polymer patterns on glass, a silicon wafer and a flexible PET film. We also demonstrated that the PEDOT:PSS film serves as alternative to ITO as a transparent electrode for polymer solar cells. In contrast to the difficult and/or tedious procedures needed in current patterning technologies, the polymerizable supramolecular approach described above is simple and efficient. Consequently, the process we have developed should open new avenues for the fabrication of PEDOT:PSS patterns.

SUPPORTING INFORMATION The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: . Contact angles, proton NMR of PCDSA and Transmittance spectra, supporting Movie. AUTHOR INFORMATION Corresponding Author *E-mail: [email protected] (J.-M. Kim), [email protected] (C. W. Lee), [email protected] (H. Choi)

ACKNOWLEDGMENT This study was supported financially by Samsung Research Funding Center of Samsung Electronics under Project Number SRFC-MA1501-06 and by the National Research Foundation of Korea (2014R1A2A1A01005862, 2015R1C1A1A02036599).

P ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 16 of 23

Page 17 of 23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

REFERENCES (1) Kee, S.; Kim, N.; Kim, B. S.; Park, S.; Jang, Y. H.; Lee, S. H.; Kim, J.; Kim, J.; Kwon, S.; Lee, K. Controlling Molecular Ordering in Aqueous Conducting Polymers Using Ionic Liquids. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 8625-8631. (2) Kim, S.; Sanyoto, B.; Park, W.-T.; Kim, S.; Mandal, S.; Lim, J.-C.; Noh, Y.-Y.; Kim, J.H. Purification of PEDOT:PSS by Ultrafiltration for Highly Conductive Transparent Electrode of All-Printed Organic Devices. Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 10149-10154. (3) Shi, H.; Liu, C.; Jiang, Q.; Xu, J. Effective Approaches to Improve the Electrical Conductivity of PEDOT:PSS: A Review. Adv. Electron. Mater. 2015, 1, 1500017-n/a. (4) Meng, W.; Ge, R.; Li, Z.; Tong, J.; Liu, T.; Zhao, Q.; Xiong, S.; Jiang, F.; Mao, L.; Zhou, Y. Conductivity Enhancement of PEDOT:PSS Films via Phosphoric Acid Treatment for Flexible All-Plastic Solar Cells. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 14089-14094. (5) Mengistie, D. A.; Ibrahem, M. A.; Wang, P.-C.; Chu, C.-W. Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS Treated with Formic Acid for ITO-Free Polymer Solar Cells. ACS Appl.

Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 2292-2299. (6) Ouyang, J. Solution-Processed PEDOT:PSS Films with Conductivities as Indium Tin Oxide through a Treatment with Mild and Weak Organic Acids. ACS Appl. Mater.

Interfaces 2013, 5, 13082-13088. (7) Palumbiny, C. M.; Liu, F.; Russell, T. P.; Hexemer, A.; Wang, C.; Müller-Buschbaum, P. The Crystallization of PEDOT:PSS Polymeric Electrodes Probed In Situ during Printing.

Adv. Mater. 2015, 27, 3391-3397. (8) Kim, N.; Kee, S.; Lee, S. H.; Lee, B. H.; Kahng, Y. H.; Jo, Y.-R.; Kim, B.-J.; Lee, K. Highly

Conductive

PEDOT:PSS

Nanofibrils

Induced

Crystallization. Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 2268-2272.

Q ACS Paragon Plus Environment

by

Solution-Processed

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

(9) Chiolerio, A.; Rivolo, P.; Porro, S.; Stassi, S.; Ricciardi, S.; Mandracci, P.; Canavese, G.; Bejtka, K.; Pirri, C. F. Inkjet-Printed PEDOT:PSS Electrodes on Plasma-Modified PDMS Nanocomposites: Quantifying Plasma Treatment Hardness. RSC Adv. 2014, 4, 5147751485. (10) Xiong, Z.; Liu, C. Optimization of Inkjet Printed PEDOT:PSS Thin Films through Annealing Processes. Org. Electron. 2012, 13, 1532-1540. (11) Tseng, S.-F.; Hsiao, W.-T.; Huang, K.-C.; Chiang, D. Electrode Patterning on PEDOT:PSS Thin Films by Pulsed Ultraviolet Laser for Touch Panel Screens. Appl.

Phys. A 2013, 112, 41-47. (12) Lee, H. J.; Park, T. H.; Choi, J. H.; Song, E. H.; Shin, S. J.; Kim, H.; Choi, K. C.; Park, Y. W.; Ju, B.-K. Negative Mold Transfer Patterned Conductive Polymer Electrode for Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Org. Electron. 2013, 14, 416-422. (13) Ouyang, S.; Xie, Y.; Wang, D.; Zhu, D.; Xu, X.; Tan, T.; DeFranco, J.; Fong, H. H. Photolithographic Patterning of Highly Conductive PEDOT:PSS and Its Application in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 12211226. (14) Taylor, P. G.; Lee, J.-K.; Zakhidov, A. A.; Chatzichristidi, M.; Fong, H. H.; DeFranco, J. A.; Malliaras, G. G.; Ober, C. K. Orthogonal Patterning of PEDOT:PSS for Organic Electronics Using Hydrofluoroether Solvents. Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 2314-2317. (15) Jiang, F.; Xiong, J.; Zhou, W.; Liu, C.; Wang, L.; Zhao, F.; Liu, H.; Xu, J. Use of Organic Solvent-Assisted Exfoliated MoS2 for Optimizing the Thermoelectric Performance of Flexible PEDOT:PSS Thin Films. J. Mater. Chem. A 2016, 4, 52655273. (16) Xiong, J.; Jiang, F.; Shi, H.; Xu, J.; Liu, C.; Zhou, W.; Jiang, Q.; Zhu, Z.; Hu, Y. Liquid Exfoliated Graphene as Dopant for Improving the Thermoelectric Power Factor of R ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 18 of 23

Page 19 of 23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Conductive PEDOT:PSS Nanofilm with Hydrazine Treatment. ACS Appl. Mater.

Interfaces 2015, 7, 14917-14925. (17) Xiong, J.; Jiang, F.; Zhou, W.; Liu, C.; Xu, J. Highly Electrical and Thermoelectric Properties of a PEDOT:PSS Thin-Film via Direct Dilution-Filtration. RSC Adv. 2015, 5, 60708-60712. (18) Jiang, Y.; Luo, B.; Jiang, F.; Jiang, F.; Fuentes-Hernandez, C.; Liu, T.; Mao, L.; Xiong, S.; Li, Z.; Wang, T.; Kippelen, B.; Zhou, Y. Efficient Colorful Perovskite Solar Cells Using a Top Polymer Electrode Simultaneously as Spectrally Selective Antireflection Coating. Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 7829-7835. (19) Tong, J.; Xiong, S.; Zhou, Y.; Mao, L.; Min, X.; Li, Z.; Jiang, F.; Meng, W.; Qin, F.; Liu, T.; Ge, R.; Fuentes-Hernandez, C.; Kippelen, B.; Zhou, Y. Flexible All-SolutionProcessed All-Plastic Multijunction Solar Cells for Powering Electronic Devices. Mater.

Horiz. 2016, 3, 452-459. (20) Pal, R. K.; Farghaly, A. A.; Collinson, M. M.; Kundu, S. C.; Yadavalli, V. K. Photolithographic Micropatterning of Conducting Polymers on Flexible Silk Matrices.

Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 1406-1412. (21) Wegner, G. Topochemical Polymerization of Monomers with Conjugated Triple Bonds.

Makromol. Chem. 1972, 154, 35-48. (22) Sun, X.; Chen, T.; Huang, S.; Li, L.; Peng, H. Chromatic Polydiacetylene with Novel Sensitivity. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 4244-4257. (23) Baughman, R. H.; Chance, R. R. Comments on The Optical Properties of Fully Conjugated Polymers: Analogy Between Polyenes and Polydiacetylenes. J. Polym. Sci.,

Polym. Phys. Ed. 1976, 14, 2037-2045.

S ACS Paragon Plus Environment

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

(24) Yarimaga, O.; Jaworski, J.; Yoon, B.; Kim, J.-M. Polydiacetylenes: Supramolecular Smart Materials with a Structural Hierarchy for Sensing, Imaging and Display Applications. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 2469-2485. (25) Lee, J.; Chang, H. T.; An, H.; Ahn, S.; Shim, J.; Kim, J.-M. A Protective Layer approach to Solvatochromic Sensors. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 2461. (26) Lee, J.; Pyo, M.; Lee, S.-h.; Kim, J.; Ra, M.; Kim, W.-Y.; Park, B. J.; Lee, C. W.; Kim, J.-M. Hydrochromic Conjugated Polymers for Human Sweat Pore Mapping. Nat.

Commun. 2014, 5, 3736. (27) Diegelmann, S. R.; Hartman, N.; Markovic, N.; Tovar, J. D. Synthesis and Alignment of Discrete Polydiacetylene-Peptide Nanostructures. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 20282031. (28) Jiang, H.; Jelinek, R. Mixed Diacetylene/Octadecyl Melamine Nanowires Formed at the Air/Water Interface Exhibit Unique Structural and Colorimetric Properties. Langmuir 2015, 31, 5843-5850. (29) Seo, S.; Lee, J.; Kwon, M. S.; Seo, D.; Kim, J. Stimuli-Responsive Matrix-Assisted Colorimetric Water Indicator of Polydiacetylene Nanofibers. ACS Appl. Mater.

Interfaces 2015, 7, 20342-20348. (30) Sun, A.; Lauher, J. W.; Goroff, N. S. Preparation of Poly(diiododiacetylene), an Ordered Conjugated Polymer of Carbon and Iodine. Science 2006, 312, 1030-1034. (31) Néabo, J. R.; Rondeau-Gagné, S.; Vigier-Carrière, C.; Morin, J.-F. Soluble Conjugated One-Dimensional Nanowires Prepared by Topochemical Polymerization of a Butadiynes-Containing Star-Shaped Molecule in the Xerogel State. Langmuir 2013, 29, 3446-3452.

T ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 20 of 23

Page 21 of 23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

(32) Lee, S.; Lee, J.; Lee, M.; Cho, Y. K.; Baek, J.; Kim, J.; Park, S.; Kim, M. H.; Chang, R.; Yoon, J. Construction and Molecular Understanding of an Unprecedented, Reversibly Thermochromic Bis-Polydiacetylene. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2014, 24, 3699-3705. (33) Parambath Kootery, K.; Jiang, H.; Kolusheva, S.; Vinod, T. P.; Ritenberg, M.; Zeiri, L.; Volinsky, R.; Malferrari, D.; Galletti, P.; Tagliavini, E.; Jelinek, R. Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Supported Polydiacetylene Films: Unique Chromatic Transitions and Molecular Sensing. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6, 8613-8620. (34) Hsu, T.-J.; Fowler, F. W.; Lauher, J. W. Preparation and Structure of a Tubular Addition Polymer: A True Synthetic Nanotube. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 142-145. (35) Kim, J. M.; Ji, E. K.; Woo, S. M.; Lee, H.; Ahn, D. J. Immobilized Polydiacetylene Vesicles on Solid Substrates for Use as Chemosensors. Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 11181121. (36) Xu, Q.; Lee, S.; Cho, Y.; Kim, M. H.; Bouffard, J.; Yoon, J. Polydiacetylene-Based Colorimetric and Fluorescent Chemosensor for the Detection of Carbon Dioxide. J. Am.

Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 17751-17754. (37) Hu, W.; Chen, Y.; Jiang, H.; Li, J.; Zou, G.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, D.; Wang, P.; Ming, H. Optical Waveguide Based on a Polarized Polydiacetylene Microtube. Adv. Mater. 2014,

26, 3136-3141. (38) Park, D.-H.; Jeong, W.; Seo, M.; Park, B. J.; Kim, J.-M. Inkjet-Printable Amphiphilic Polydiacetylene Precursor for Hydrochromic Imaging on Paper. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 498-506. (39) Tanioku, C.; Matsukawa, K.; Matsumoto, A. Thermochromism and Structural Change in Polydiacetylenes Including Carboxy and 4-Carboxyphenyl Groups as the Intermolecular Hydrogen Bond Linkages in the Side Chain. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2013, 5, 940948. U ACS Paragon Plus Environment

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

Page 22 of 23

(40) Howden, R. M.; McVay, E. D.; Gleason, K. K. oCVD Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Conductivity and Lifetime Enhancement via Acid Rinse Dopant Exchange. J. Mater.

Chem. A 2013, 1, 1334-1340. (41) Cruz-Cruz, I.; Reyes-Reyes, M.; López-Sandoval, R. Formation of Polystyrene Sulfonic Acid Surface Structures on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): Poly(styrenesulfonate) Thin Films and the Enhancement of Its Conductivity by Using Sulfuric Acid. Thin Solid

Films 2013, 531, 385-390. (42) Ko, S.-J.; Choi, H.; Lee, W.; Kim, T.; Lee, B. R.; Jung, J.-W.; Jeong, J.-R.; Song, M. H.; Lee, J. C.; Woo, H. Y.; Kim, J. Y. Highly Efficient Plasmonic Organic Optoelectronic Devices Based on a Conducting Polymer Electrode Incorporated with Silver Nanoparticles. Energy Environ. Sci. 2013, 6, 1949-1955. (43) Zhang, W.; Zhao, B.; He, Z.; Zhao, X.; Wang, H.; Yang, S.; Wu, H.; Cao, Y. HighEfficiency

ITO-Free

Polymer

Solar

Cells

Using

Highly

Conductive

PEDOT:PSS/Surfactant Bilayer Transparent Anodes. Energy Environ. Sci. 2013, 6, 1956-1964.

V ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 23 of 23

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Table of Contents Graphic

W ACS Paragon Plus Environment