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Potential of Hazardous Wastes Encapsulation in Concrete Compound Combination with Coal Ash and Quarry Fines Additives Roy Nir Lieberman, Yaakov Anker, Oriol Font, Xavier Querol, Yitzhak Mastai, Yaniv Knop, and Haim Cohen Environ. Sci. Technol., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03858 • Publication Date (Web): 28 Oct 2015 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on November 3, 2015
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Environmental Science & Technology
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Potential of Hazardous Wastes Encapsulation in Concrete
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Compound Combination with Coal Ash and Quarry Fines Additives
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Roy Nir Lieberman* , Yaakov Anker , Oriol Font* , Xavier Querol , Yitzhak Mastai , Yaniv Knop , Haim Cohen*
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1. Biological Chemistry Department, Ariel University Samaria, Ariel, 40700 Israel.
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2. Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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3. Samaria and the Jordan Rift regional R& D Center, Ariel, Israel.
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4. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
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1,2
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Cientificas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain 5. Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University Samaria, Ariel,40700 Israel.
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6. Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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* Co-responding authors: Roy Nir Lieberman:
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected] 12
Phone: +34 934006149; Fax +34 932045904; C/Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, Spain.
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Oriol Font:
[email protected] 14
Haim Cohen:
[email protected] 15
Abstract
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Coal power plants are producing huge amounts of coal ash that may be applied to variety of secondary uses. Class
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F fly ash may act as an excellent scrubber and fixation reagent for highly acidic wastes, which might also contain
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several toxic trace elements. This paper evaluates the potential of using Class F fly ashes (70%, with minor amounts
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3-5
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2
. The average size of the FA is in the 15-21-µm range with a surface area of 1.05±0.1 m /gr
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, which
2, 3, 8, 9
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Ambient air quality standards refer to the stack emission of pollutants from any utility. Israeli environmental
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regulations, for instance, enforce low concentrations of Hg, As, and Cd, and limits the amounts of S and P
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FAs used in this research are classified as Class F (~3-12 wt.% CaO), demonstrating high pH (>10), mainly owing
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to the occurrence of lime (CaO) . The high content of lime and relatively large specific surface area makes the FA a
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potential chemical scrubber for various wastes, whereas the scrubbed products can serve as an aggregate or
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clinker substitutes for the construction industries
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metals, acids (HSO3 , H3PO4, or HCl) from highly polluted liquid wastes, such as motor oil regeneration and
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phosphate processing industry acidic wastes
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very low contaminants leaching potential, as such they were found to be a good partial substitute for sand and
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other commercial aggregates used in concrete production. The integration of AP did not harm the concrete
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mechanical properties
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mechanical strength. The concrete bricks produced have shown no leaching-out of trace elements and were in
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accordance with the European Directive
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Fine grain materials from the quarry industry are considered sub-economical and as such, are accumulating around
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the quarry sites, inflecting environmental hazard. The anticipated demand for quarry products in Israel will reach
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~90 Mt/a in 2040 (more than twice the current consumption
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supply ~8% of the regional demand for building aggregate materials, a small portion of the raw materials for the
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. The
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11-19
. It was found that IEC PCC FAs are suitable for scrubbing
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13, 20-23
. These scrubbed products are sand-like grey aggregates with
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and in some cases it even improved properties like Cl resistivity, density, and
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, the USEPA TCLP 1311
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, and the CALWET
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methods.
). The quarries that were sampled for this research
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ACS Paragon Plus Environment
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Environmental Science & Technology
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cement industry, and nearly all stone plates used for tiling and pavement
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mainly of upper Cretaceous carbonates, in particular the Turonian-Cenomanian strata, which is composed of
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massive white to grey limestone with incidental interchange to dolomite and less pronounced sequences of chert
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and marls
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century, continually carving the region's landscape. The rock cutting industry supports 300 to 600 companies
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which process limestone and dolostone into large blocks of raw material. The plates produced from this raw
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material are considered of prime quality, but the process is manifested by direct environmental problem such as
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sludge disposed in open areas and consequential damage the soil and plants
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. The excavated raw material consists
. Quarrying for stone and aggregates has been a major economic resource in the region since the 19
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th
,
.
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Quarry Sludge (QS) is the fine mineral material residue (
