Prastavna: Bhashaka Svatva, Volume 1, Part 1 (Hindi) - Bhartiya Bhasha Lok Sarvekshan (BBLS) [1, 1 ed.] 9780301068954

Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k (PLSI) izLrkouk % Hkk"kkdk LoRo [kaM 1] Hkkx 1

Preface Hindi.indd 1

7/13/2017 12:15:55 PM


7/13/2017 12:15:55 PM

Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k

izLrkouk % Hkk"kkdk LoRo [k.M 1] Hkkx 1

x.ks'k nsoh fganh vuqokn

jktsUæ çlkn ik.Ms;

vksfj;aV CySdLokWu


7/13/2017 12:15:56 PM

lu~ 2014 esa vksfj;aV CySdLokWu }kjk çdkf'kr vaxzst+h ewy laLdj.k ihiqYl fyafXofLVd losZ vkWiQ bafM;k % nh chbax vkWiQ Hkk"kk] [kaM 1] Hkkx 2 dk fganh vuqoknA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be modified, reproduced or utilised in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, in any form of binding or cover other than in which it is published, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k % izLrkouk % Hkk"kkdk LoRo] [kaM 1] Hkkx 1 vksfj;aV CySdLokWu izkbosV fyfeVsM

eq[; dk;kZy; 3&6&752 fgek;r uxj] gSnjkckn 500 029] rsyaxkuk] Hkkjr bZ&esy % [email protected] 'kk[kk,¡ caXyq:] psUubZ] xqokgkVh] gSnjkckn] dksydkrk] eqacbZ] ubZ fnYyh] uks,Mk] iVuk © Hkk"kk fjlpZ ,oa ifCyosQ'ku lsaVj] cM+kSnk vksfj;aV CySdLokWu izkbosV fyfeVsM }kjk loZizFke izdkf'kr 2017 Digital Edition ISBN 978

0 30106 895 4

iqLrd lTtk % ©vksfj;aV CySdLokWu izkbosV fyfeVsM vkoj.k lTtk % ckjku bt+yky yst+jVkbilsVj fDod fMftVy fçafVax l£ol] ubZ fnYyh }kjk (nsoukxjh pk.kD;) 12@15 esa Vad.kkafdr eqnzd Xyksfj;l fizaVlZ] fnYyh izdk'kd vksfj;aV CySdLokWu izkbosV fyfeVsM 3&6&752 fgek;r uxj] gSnjkckn 500 029] rsyaxkuk] Hkkjr bZ&esy % [email protected] ;g Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k] lj te'ksn th VkVk VªLV] eqacbZ }kjk iznÙk vkaf'kd vkfFkZd lg;ksx ls] ^Hkk"kk fjlpZ ,oa ifCyosQ'ku lsaVj* cM+kSnk }kjk laiUu fd;k x;kA


7/13/2017 12:15:56 PM

le£ir gS mu leLr Hkkjrh;ksa dks ftUgksaus dgk fd rqEgkjh Hkk"kk Hkh Hkk"kk gS tSls gekjh_ ftUgksaus lh[kk fofoèk Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh iM+kslh lax 'kkafr ls thuk_ ftUgksaus nwjLFk Hkk"kk {ks=k esa fd;k çokl] u rks fut Hkk"kk rth u nwljh dks fd;k [kkfjt_ ftUgksaus fo}kuksa dks ;kn fnyk;k fd Hkk"kk gksrh ckjgeklh] vkSj gksrha fyfi;ka ekSleh_ ftUgksaus Lohdkjk ,d jk"Vª dh laHkkouk D;ksafd cgqHkk"kk esa laHko gS jk"Vªçse n'kkZuk_ vkSj tks fdlh Hkk"kk dk gks vafre oDrk] vius 'kCnksa esa if{k;ksa vkSj o`{kksa ls oqQN cfr;kusokyk] blls igys fd yksi gksrs 'kCn mls dj nsa fof{kIr---


7/13/2017 12:15:56 PM


7/13/2017 12:15:56 PM

fo"k;kuqØe

lefiZr gS

v

• vkHkkj

ix

• Hkwfedk

xiii

•

xv

• vuqokndh; •

jk"Vªh; laiknd eaMy

xvii

•

Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k (xazFkekyk)

xix

•

Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k

1- thfor Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,¡

xxiii 1

2- Hkk"kk % oko~Q ,oa ys[ku

13

3- yksd Hkk"kk losZ{k.k D;k gS\

26

4- Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k izfØ;k

44

5- Hkk"kkdk LoRo

68


7/13/2017 12:15:56 PM

viii

• fo"k;kuqØe

• lanHkZ

85

•

ifjf'k"V 1 & vuqlwph esa vlwphc¼ oqQN mnh;eku Hkk"kk,¡

89

•

ifjf'k"V 2 & ;wusLdks dh lwph esa 'kkfey ladVxzLr Hkk"kk,¡

91

•

ifjf'k"V 3 & 1961 dh tux.kuk osQ vuqlkj vlwphc¼ êkr` Hkk"kk,¡*

93

•

ifjf'k"V 4 & Hkkjr dh Kkr Hkk"kk,¡ 95

'kCn&vuqØef.kdk 105


7/13/2017 12:15:56 PM

vkHkkj

Hkk"kkdk LoRo_ Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k (ih-,y-,l-vkbZ-) 'kh"kZd ls fofHkUu [kaMksa esa foiqy ek=kk esa tks lkexzh izdkf'kr gqbZ gS og rhu gtkj ls T;knk O;fDr;ksa] 'krkfèkd laLFkkvksa vkSj xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa] oqQNsd ljdkjh ,tsafl;ksa rFkk cM+h la[;k esa cqf¼thfo;ksa osQ ;ksxnku vkSj Hkkjh leFkZu ls gh laHko gqvk gSA ftu cqf¼thfo;ksa us viuk ;ksxnku fn;k mudk ukeksYys[k oqQN i`"Bksa esa ugha fd;k tk ldrkA geus Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k osQ izR;sd [kaM esa mu lHkh O;fDr;ksa vkSj laLFkkvksa dk mYys[k dj muosQ izfr vkHkkj O;Dr fd;k gS ftUgksaus ml [kaM esa viuk ;ksxnku fn;k gSA fiQj Hkh eSa bl [kaM esa bu O;fDr;ksa&laLFkkvksa osQ izfr vkHkkj izdV djuk pkgw¡xk & Hkkjr DsQ yksxksa dk & ftUgksaus yxkrkj cgqHkk"kh cus jgus dk iz;kl fd;kA [kklrkSj ls mu Hkk"kkvksa dks cksyus okys leqnk;ksa dk ftUgksaus gj lkaLÑfrd dfBukbZ dk eqdkcyk fd;k vkSj viuh Hkk"kkvksa osQ vfLrRo dh j{kk dh vkSj Hkkjr dks nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k Hkk"kk oSfoè;iw.kZ ns'k cuk, j[kus dk iz;kl fd;k vkSj viuh Hkk"kkvksa dks thoar ,oa lfØ; cuk, j[kk tcfd nqfu;k esa gj txg Hkk"kk,¡ de gks jgh gSa vkSj [kRe gks jgh gSaA Hkkjr ljdkj dk ftlus izfrHkkfx;ksa dks ns'kHkj esa ns'kt yksxksa] vuqlwph foghu vkSj ?kqearw tkfr;ksa] ioZrh; rFkk leqnzrVh; leqnk;ksa osQ Hkkf"kd l'kfDrdj.k gsrq Hkk"kk vfHk;ku esa tkus dh NwV nh ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:Ik Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k lcosQ lkeus vk ldkA ;gk¡ ;g fcYoqQy u le>k tk, fd ljdkjh ra=k osQ fy, Hkk"kk dh x.kuk rFkk losZ{k.k djuk ,d cgqr cM+h pqukSrh ugha FkhA bl iw.kZr% yksdrkaf=kd Hkkouk osQ vHkko esa ;g vfHk;ku iwjk ugha gks ikrkA Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k dk dke tc dkiQh gn rd iwjk gks x;k rc rRdkyhu ekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=kh Jh dfiy flCcy us eq>s vkeaf=kr fd;k fd eSa muosQ lkeus vkdj ;g foLrkj ls crkÅ¡ fd ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- D;k gS vkSj ;g oSQls cuhA flCcy th] egkiath;d & tux.kuk] lh-vkbZ-vkbZ-,y- osQ funs'kd rFkk ea=kky; osQ Hkk"kk izHkkx osQ vfèkdkfj;ksa us lEekuiwoZd #fp ysdj esjh ckrksa dks lqukA esjh izLrqfr


7/13/2017 12:15:56 PM

x

• vkHkkj

osQ izR;qÙkj esa ea=khth us xaHkhjrkiwoZd ;g iwNk fd ea=kky; fdl :Ik esa lg;ksx ns ldrk gSA ftlosQ tokc esa eSaus lathnxh ls dgk] ^êsjk fuosnu gS fd vki dksbZ lg;ksx u nsaA** eSa vkHkkjh gw¡ fd esjs fuosnu dk lEeku fd;k x;k ftlls eSa ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dk dk;Z liQyrkiwoZd iwjk dj ldkA ftu lkfFk;ksa us LosPNkiwoZd bl vfHk;ku esa viuk lg;ksx fn;k muosQ izfr vkHkkjA ftuosQ }kjk jk"Vªh; laikndh; lewg (,u-bZ-lh-) xfBr fd;k x;k vkSj ftUgksaus eq>s ,u-bZ-lh- osQ vè;{k osQ :Ik esa Lohdkj dj usr`Ro djus dk volj fn;k & mu lc yksxksa dh ekuo lH;rk dh fu%LOkkFkZ lsok dh Hkkouk osQ fy, vkHkkj D;ksafd Hkk"kk lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ rÙo gS ekuo lH;rk osQ fuekZ.k esa] mudh leqnk;ksUeq[k Hkk"kk losZ{k.k dh Hkkouk osQ izfr leiZ.k rFkk ys[ku] laiknu osQ vFkd iz;kl okys dk;ks± osQ fy, vkSj bu [kaMksa dks le; ls izdkf'kr djus rFkk vU; lapkj ekè;eksa osQ }kjk izpkfjr&izlkfjr djus osQ fy, rS;kj djus gsrq vkHkkjA mu lkfFk;ksa dk ftUgksaus thou;kiu osQ fy, vko';d Mªkbojh] f'k{kd&o`fÙk] nqdkunkjh] ?kj pykus] fo'ofo|ky; esa is ,slk iz;kl ugha djuk pkfg, FkkA eSaus ns'k osQ fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa mÙkj ls nf{k.k rFkk iwoZ ls if'pe rd ;k=kk,¡ dha vkSj nks n'kdksa rd dk le; vkfnoklh bykdksa osQ lqnwjre xk¡oksa esa jgus okyksa osQ lkFk&lkFk fcrk;kA eSaus Hkkjr osQ cgqr ls 'kgjksa dh Hkh ;k=kk dh vkSj mu leqnk;ksa osQ fo"kkn dks ns[kdj ihM+k dk Hkh vuqHko fd;k ftudh cksfy;k¡ vkSj lkSan;Z cksèk] Hkk"kk rFkk laLÑfr rsth ls gks jgs vkfFkZd ifjorZu osQ dkj.k vfLrRo osQ ladV dk lkeuk dj jgh gSaA gekjh vk¡[kksa osQ lkeus tks ubZ nqfu;k fn[kkbZ ns jgh gS mlesa mu yksxksa osQ izfr cgqr de laosnuk cph gSA bu leqnk;ksa dh vkf[kjh mEehn muosQ lkaLÑfrd {kj.k osQ fudV igq¡p pqdh gSA blus eq>s vius fy, ;g izfrKk ysdj mldk izR;qÙkj nsus osQ fy, ckè; fd;k ftlosQ dkj.k ;g lc gks ldk ftls Li"V :Ik ls ,d vlaHko dk;Z dgk tk ldrk gSA rSÙkjh; mifu"kn~ esa dgk dh f'k{kk nhft,A mUgksaus mUgksaus dgk ^^ftl rÙo gSa rFkk ftlesa ;g fonk


x;k gS fd o#.k osQ iq=k Hk`xq us vius firk osQ ikl tkdj dgk] firk Jh eq>s ^czg~e* mls Li"V djrs gq, dgk] ^înkFkZ] thou] n`f"V] Jo.k] efLr"d] Hkk"k.k---A** blosQ ckn ls ;s phtsa fufeZr gksrh gSa vkSj ftlosQ }kjk rFkk tc mudk tUe gksrk gS] tc os jgrh gksdj tkrh gSa ogh ^czg~e* gS ftls rqe tkuuk pkgrs gksA eSa ^'kCn&czg~e* osQ fo"k; esa

7/13/2017 12:15:56 PM

xiv

• Hkwfedk

lksprk gw¡] ;gh yksxksa dks ml :Ik esa cukrk gS ftl :Ik esa os gSaA eq>s bu 'kCnksa esa fufgr Hkko dk Kku cksèk blosQ igys rd mruk Li"V :Ik esa dHkh ugha gqvk ftruk fd rc tc eSa mu leqnk;ksa osQ laidZ esa vk;k tks viuh Hkk"kkvksa dks cPkkus osQ fy,] rsth ls vius vfLrRo dh j{kk osQ fy, la?k"kZjr gSaA esjs bl vFkkZfrjsd dks vU;Fkk u fy;k tk, rks Hkkjr osQ gtkjksa yksxksa osQ lkewfgd iz;klksa osQ ifj.kkeLo:Ik] tks Hkkjr dk yksd Hkk"kk losZ{k.k iwjk gks ldk] ftl dk;Z dks vius usr`Ro esa iwjk djus dk eq>s volj feyk_ og Hkkjr osQ yksxksa dk Lusg vkSj leFkZu izkIr dj losQ] ,slh esjh dkeuk gSA & x.ks'k nsoh xq# iwf.kZek] tqykbZ 2013

jkèkkÑ".ku] loZiYyh 1953@1990 fn fizafliy mifu"kn~t] 549] m-iz-_ fnYyh % vkWDliQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh izsl A


7/13/2017 12:15:56 PM

vuqokndh;

Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; vè;;u&vè;kiu ls foxr nks n'kdksa ls vfèkd le; ls tqM+s gksus osQ dkj.k fo'oHkj esa Hkk"kkvksa dh orZeku fLFkfr] vusd Hkk"kkvksa osQ iru] cM+h la[;k esa gks jgs Hkk"kkvksa osQ {kj.k osQ dkj.k Hkk"kkvksa osQ e`rizk; ,oa ladVxzLr gksus dh fpark rFkk Hkk"kkvksa osQ vfLrRo dh j{kk rFkk muosQ laj{k.k osQ iz;Ruksa ij yxkrkj è;ku tkrk jgk gSA Hkk"kk laj{k.k osQ lkFk leqnk; dh vfLerk ,oa LkaLÑfr osQ laj{k.k dh fpark tqM+h jgrh gSA Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k Hkkjr dh Hkk"kkvksa dk ekufp=k.k gh ugha ,d yksd tkxj.k gS & ,d tukUnksyu gSA bl O;kid Hkk"kk ,oa laLÑfr laj{k.k vfHk;ku osQ lkFk tqM+us dk eq>s volj feyk rks eq>s vkReh; izlUurk feyhA izks- x.ks'k nsoh dh jpukvksa dks yxkrkj is esjh bPNk osQ vuq:i_ The Being of Bhasha osQ vuqokn dk;Z dk nkf;Ro lkSaikA The Being of Bhasha osQ vuqokn dh izfØ;k esa vR;ar lq[kn ,oa KkuoèkZd vuqHko feykA bl fof'k"V KkukRed

,oa iznh?kZthoh Ñfr dks fganh ikBdksa osQ le{k yxHkx vfody :Ik esa izLrqr djuk esjk vHkh"V jgk blfy, vuqoknd dh n`';rk ij eSaus cy ugha fn;kA bl Ñfr esa rF;kRed fo'ys"k.k vkSj foe'kZ gS blfy, bldks fganh osQ eqgkojs vkSj fganh osQ okD;&foU;kl esa izLrqr djuk gh vuqoknd dk y{; FkkA bl izfØ;k esa vaxzsth okD;&foU;kl vkSj vfHkO;fDr dkS'ky osQ ctk; fganh dh dFku&Hkafxek vkSj iBuh;rk dks è;ku esa j[kk x;k gSA iz;kl ;g jgk gS fd vuwfnr ikB nq:g vkSj nqcksZèk u gksA vuqokn dh fofHkUu j.kuhfr;ksa dk ;Fkkuqlkj vuqikyu fd;k x;k gS fdarq fdlh ,d j.kuhfr ij iwjh izfØ;k osQafnzr ugha jghA vuqokn izfØ;k ls xqtjus osQ ckn vuwfnr ikB dks ewy ys[kd izks- x.ks'k nsoh us ns[kk ftlls mldh izkekf.kdrk dh iqf"V gqbZA eSa vkHkkjh gw¡ mudk dbZ egÙoiw.kZ lq>ko nsus osQ fy,A mudk cy eq[;r% tuHkk"kk esa bl ikB dks igq¡pkuk jgk gS blfy, 'kh"kZd lfgr dbZ vU; LFkkuksa ij muosQ lq>ko Lohdkj dj fy, x,A ;g lgh gS fd fganh osQ dFku oSf'k"V~; osQ vuq:Ik vfèkdka'k 'kCnksa] okD;ka'kksa dks eSaus viuh ilan ls Hkh j[kkA


7/13/2017 12:15:57 PM

xvi

• vuqokndh;

vuqokn&vè;;u dk vè;kid rFkk fo|kFkhZ gksus osQ ckotwn ;g dgus esa eq>s dksbZ ladksp ugha fd vuqokn nqxZe izfØ;k gS ftlesa dbZ yksx izR;{k vkSj ijks{k :Ik ls lg;ksx djrs gSa] vr% lHkh vuqokn la;qDr miØe gksrs gSaA bl iqLrd osQ vuqokn esa esjh iq=kh f'k[kk ik.Ms; us [kwc lg;ksx fd;k vkSj ncko lk>k fd;kA muosQ izfr vkHkkj O;Dr djuk eSa viuk ije drZO; le>rk gw¡A eSa vkHkkj O;Dr djuk pkgrk gw¡ vknj.kh; izks- voèks'k oqQekj flag dk ftUgksaus eq>s bl o`gn~ ifj;kstuk ls tksM+kA dksbZ Hkh vuqokn vafre ugha gksrkA bl vuqokn dks lgt] cksèkxE; rFkk fganh ikBdksa osQ fy, jkspd cukus dk iwjk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fdarq bldh xq.koÙkk dk ijh{k.k ikBd gh djsaxsA 'ke'ksj cgknqj flag osQ 'kCnksa esa &

ckr cksysxh ge ugha] Hksn [kksysxh ckr gh

vk'kk gS fd izLrqr iqLrd osQ ekè;e ls O;kid fganh Hkk"kh tuekul ^Hkk"kk* 'kksèk laLFkku rFkk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k dh o`gn ifj;kstuk osQ ljksdkjksa rFkk Hkk"kk vkSj laLÑfr osQ laj{k.k dh fparkvksa dks le>sxk rFkk bl HkxhjFk iz;kl dks lacy iznku djsxkA

& jktsUæ izlkn ik.Ms; uoacj 2016


7/13/2017 12:15:57 PM

jk"Vªh; laiknd eaMy vè;{k % x.ks'k ,u- nsoh la;kstd % Mh-ih- iVuk;d] osQ-osQ- pØorhZ v#.kkpy izns'k yhtk ykseMd vle fcHkk Hkjkyh cukuh pØorhZ vka/z izns'k ,oa rsyaxkuk Å"kk nsoh pUnz 'ks[kj jsM~Mh mÙkj izns'k cnzh ukjk;.k jek 'kadj flag mÙkjk[k.M mek HkV~V 'ks[kj ikBd vksfM'kk Mh-ih- iVuk;d ,e-osQ- feJk


dukZVd ,p-,e- ekgs'ofj;kg jkts'ojh ekgs'ofj;kg

rfeyukMq oh- Kkulqanje osQ- jaxu

osQjy ,e- JhukFku tkslsiQ dks,iYyh

f=kiqjk lq[ksanq nsooekZ

xqtjkr dkuth iVsy xksok ek/oh ljnslkbZ NÙkhlxsnkjh esa pyk;k x;k ,d vfHk;ku gSA

Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd loZs{k.k osQ eq[; mís'; • • • • • • •


2011 rd fodflr Hkkjr dh Hkk"kkvksa dk ftl :i esa os gSa] flagkoyksdu iznku djukA fcuk fofHkUu lkekftd vkSj lkaLÑfrd HksnHkko osQ] lnL;ksa dk ,d dkjZokbZ usVooZQ cukuk] tks lrr fodkl osQ fy, izfrc¼ gks vkSj Kku iz.kkfy;ksa osQ thou dks cd>ksj jgh gS oSlk ekuo bfrgkl esa igys dHkh ugha gqvkA

Hindi Book.indd 1

7/13/2017 12:11:22 PM

2

• Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k % izLrkouk % Hkk"kkdk LoRo

eku yhft, vki Hkk"kk vkSj Hkk"kkfoKku osQ egÙokdka{kh fo|kFkhZ gSaA vc dYiuk dhft, fd vki Vkbe e'khu (le;;ku) esa ;k=kk dj jgs gSaA bl Vkbe e'khu dks çkphu ;wuku dh vksj tkus nhft,A ;gk¡ Hkk"kk ls tqMs+ cgqr lkjs loky mHkjsaxs % Hkk"kk esa vFkZ oSQls vkrk gS ;k oSQls Hkk"kk vFkZ esa :ikUrfjr gksrh gSA ;g ^ços'k* ;k ^nsgkUrj.k* ml rÙo dk :ikUrj.k djrk gS tks ewyr% ;k rks vFkZ gS ;k Hkk"kkA ;fn vki lqdjkr dh ckrphr ;k IysVks osQ lEoknksa dks lqusaxs rks ik,axs fd Hkk"kk] mldh mRifÙk] laçs"k.k ;k vFkZ dk varj.k vkfn dh ppkZ esa ^Nk;k* osQUæ esa FkhA ^Nk;k* dk vFkZ ;gk¡ ^çdk'kdh; Nk;k* (optical shadow) gS (psisy (Chappell)] 1996)A vc vki Vkbe e'khu dks ekS;Z dky ls igys osQ Hkkjr dh vksj ys tkb,A fiQj ikf.kfu dks ^lw=kikB* dh O;k[;k djrs gq, lqfu, ftlosQ }kjk os viuh ^v"Vkè;k;h* dks le>k jgs gSaA ;gk¡ vki tku ik,axs fd O;Dr Hkk"kk,¡ oSQls lkekftd çk:iksa }kjk gfFk;k yh tkrh gSa vkSj fdl çdkj f'k"V (Hkæ) vkSj mifn"V (O;kdj.k lEer Hkk"k.k) ,d&nwljs osQ cpko osQ fy, tes gq, gSa\ (nsoh (Devy)] 2009] 96&97_ VªkWVeu (Trautmann)] 2006] 42&51)A vki Hkh ns[ksaxs fd ;gk¡ eq[; ljksdkj bl ckr dks ysdj gS fd O;Dr esa ls vO;Dr dks csgrj ls ;g u iwNk x;k gks ,slh oqQNsd Hkk"kkvksa dk uke ysa ftudk yksi gks pqdk gksA blosQ fo"k; fo'ks"kKksa dh çfrfØ;k,a Hkh vke vkneh ;k ehfM;k ls fHkUu u FkhaA gky osQ o"kks± esa ftruh iqLrosaQ Hkkf"kd iru vkSj Hkk"kkvksa dh e`R;q ls lEcfUèkr çdkf'kr gqbZ gSa mruh Hkk"kk vkSj Hkk"kk foKku osQ vè;;u osQ bfrgkl esa dHkh ugha vkb±A lSdM+ksa çeq[k iqLrdksa esa oqQN iqLrdksa dk bl lUnHkZ esa mYys[k fd;k tk ldrk gSA ySaXost MsFk (Language Death) (Hkk"kk dh e`R;q) (fØLVy (Crystal), 2000)] oSfuf'kax okW;lst (Vanishing Voices) (yqIr gksrh Hkk"kk,¡) (usVy rFkk jkseSu] 2000)] oSQu FkzsVsUM ySaXostt ch lsOM (Can Threatened Languages Be Saved?) (D;k yqIrçk;% Hkk"kk,¡ cpkbZ tk ldrh gSa\) (fiQ'keSu (Fishman), 2001)] ySaXost ,uMSatjeS.V ,.M ySaXost esaVsusal (Language Endangerment and Language Maintenance) (Hkk"kk dks [krjk rFkk Hkk"kk dk laj{k.k) (czSMys ,.M czSMys (Bradley and Bradley)] 2002)] ySaXost MsFk ,.M ySaXost esaVsusal (Language Death and Language Maintenance) (Hkk"kk dh e`R;q vkSj Hkk"kk dk iks"k.k) (tsal ,.M VkWy (Janse and Tol)] 2003)] ySaXost bu MSatj (Languages in Danger) (ladV xzLr Hkk"kk,¡) (Msych (Dalby), (2003)] lsfoax ySaXostst (Saving Languages) (Hkk"kk dk cpko) (xzhucksys ,.M osys (Grenebole and Whaley)] 2006)] Ogsu ySaXostst MkbZ (When Languages Die) (tc Hkk"kk,¡ ejrh gSa)(gjhlu (Harrison) 2007)] ,uMSatMZ ySaXostst vkWiQ vkWLVªksusf'k;k (Endanger Languages of Austronesia) (vkWLVªksusf'k;k dh yqIrçk;% Hkk"kk,¡)] (Ýyksjs (Florey), 2010) rFkk Ogsu ySaXostst cszDl Mkmu (When Languages Breaks Down) (tc Hkk"kk,¡ lekIr gks tkrh gSa) (,sLi ,.M fofy;lZ (Asp and Villiers)] 2010)A Hkkf"kd ladV rFkk ladV xzLr Hkk"kkvksa osQ lUnHkZ esa cgl dh egÙkk dks ;wusLdks us Hkh Lohdkj fd;k gSA ;wusLdks us 1996 esa fn ,Vyl vkWiQ fn oYMZ*l ySaXostst bu Msatj vkWiQ fMlvih;fjax (lEiknd LVhiQu oeZ (Stephen Wurm)) (fo'o dh Hkk"kkvksa esa foyqIrçk;% Hkk"kkvksa dk ekufp=k) dk igyk laLdj.k çdkf'kr fd;k tks 2001 esa la'kksfèkr :i esa vk;kA 2005 eas ;wusLdks us mldk iqu% la'kksèku ,oa lEiknu fd;k rFkk mls vkWuykbu miyCèk djk fn;kA 2010 esa fØLVksiQj eksLys (Christopher Moseley) osQ lEiknu esa bldk rhljk laLdj.k çdkf'kr fd;k x;kA

oSf'od Hkkf"kd ladV foxr nks n'kdksa ls oSKkfudksa us Hkk"kkvksa osQ thou osQ iwokZuqeku dk xf.krh; vkèkkj rS;kj dj fy;k gS (czSXl ,.M izQhMeSu (Braggs and Freedman), 1993)A ;s iwokZuqeku fu'p; gh ;g crkrs gSa fd ekuo tkfr rsth ls ml fn'kk esa c Fkh mlesa Hkk"kk vkSj cksyh osQ chp NksVh&cM+h Hkk"kk dk Hksn ugha FkkA Hkkf"kd fofoèkrk thou dk ,d Lohdk;Z rÙo FkkA lkfgfR;d çfrHkk,a ,d gh jpuk esa vusd Hkk"kkvksa dk ç;ksx dj ysrh Fkha vkSj ikBd ;k Jksrk bldks lgtrk ls Lohdkj dj ysrs FksA egkHkkjr tSlk fof'k"V egkdkO; fofHkUu :iksa vkSj fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa esa chloha 'krkCnh osQ vkjEHk rd viuk vfLrRo cuk, jgk (ns'kik.Ms (Deshpande)] 1978)A tc lkfgR; osQ vkykspdksa us fl¼kUr fu#i.k fd;k rks mUgksaus fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa osQ lkfgR; dks è;ku esa j[kkA ekrîõ dh jpuk c`gnns'kh] eè;dkyhu 'kSfy;ksa dk lkj&laxzg vkykspuk dk ,slk egÙoiw.kZ mnkgj.k gS ftlesa Hkkf"kd fofoèkrk dks lkekU; vkSj lgt :i ls Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS (ftvkjktHkks; (Jiarazbhoy), 1975)A vkSifuosf'kd dky esa vusd Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh jpukvksa dks eqfær fd;k x;kA igys ys[ku rks gksrk Fkk vkSj fofHkUu fyfi;ksa dk ç;ksx gksrk FkkA ;gh ugha] fyf[kr ikB dks iqu% çLrqr djus osQ fy, dkxt dk Hkh ç;ksx gksrk Fkk fiQj Hkh fyf[kr :i esa vkus osQ ckotwn lkfgfR;d jpuk,a eq[;r% ekSf[kd :i ls çpkj&çlkj ikrh FkhaA eqæ.k çkS|ksfxdh us çpfyr ekSf[kd ijEijk dks u"V dj fn;k (nsoh (Devy), 2009)A lkfgR; dh ubZ dlkSfV;ka lkeus vkb± ftlesa fyf[kr lkfgR; dks ekSf[kd lkfgR; ij vfèkeku fn;k tkus yxk ftlls ml voèkkj.kk dks iqf"V feyh fd fyf[kr lkfgR; vfuok;Zr% ,d Hkkf"kd gh gksuk pkfg,A vkSifuosf'kd dky esa bl rjg osQ fopkj vkSj lÙkk lajpuk ls mlosQ rknkRE; us Hkkjr esa Hkk"kkvksa osQ Hk.Mkj dks çHkkfor djuk 'kq: dj fn;kA ftu Hkk"kkvksa dh eqæ.k ç.kkyh rd igqap ugha Fkh os ^xkS.k* Hkk"kk,¡ le>h tkus yxhaA LorU=krk osQ ckn Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa dk xBu Hkk"kkvksa osQ vkèkkj ij Hkk"kk;h jkT;ksa osQ :i esa gqvkA ;fn fdlh Hkk"kk dh fyfi Fkh vkSj mldk lkfgR; Nik gqvk êqfær* Fkk rks mls Hkkjrh; la?k O;oLFkk esa jkT; dk ntkZ ,d HkkSxksfyd Lo:i osQ lkFk ns fn;k x;kA ftu Hkk"kkvksa dk eqfær lkfgR; ugha Fkk mudks bl rjg dh gSfl;r ugha feyh pkgs muosQ ikl ekSf[kd :i eas foiqy lkfgR; ekStwn FkkA blosQ vfrfjDr] ml jkT; esa jkT; dh jktHkk"kk dks çkbejh vkSj gkbZLowQy rd dh f'k{kk dk ekè;e cuk;k x;kA blh çdkj] Hkkjrh; lafoèkku esa Hkk"kkvksa dh ,d fo'ks"k vuqlwph (vkBoha vuqlwph) cukbZ xbZ (vkWfLVu (Austin), 2009)A 'kq: esa blesa 14 Hkk"kk,¡ FkhaA orZeku esa blesa 22 Hkk"kk,¡ gSaA ljdkj dh ;g ftEesnkjh gS fd bu Hkk"kkvksa ij gh f'k{kk osQ lUnHkZ esa gksus okys [kpZ dks ogu djsA 1961 dh Hkkjr dh tux.kuk esa 1652 ekr`Hkk"kkvksa dh lwph nh xbZ gSA blosQ ckn] 1971 dh tux.kuk esa vkadM+s de gks x, vkSj mu 108 Hkk"kkvksa dk gh mYys[k fd;k x;k ftUgsa nl gtkj ls T;knk yksx cksyrs gSaA bl çdkj] 'ks"k 1544 ekr`Hkk"kkvksa dk mYys[k ugha gqvk FkkA buesa ls vfèkdka'k Hkk"kk,¡ ?kqeUrw vkSj ns'kt leqnk;ksa osQ }kjk cksyh tkrh gSa vkSj ftuesa ls vfèkdka'k orZeku esa yqIrçk;% gks jgh gSa] ;fn igys ls gh e`r ugha gks xb± gSa rksA Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dk tks Lo:i fuèkkZj.k gqvk gS mlesa ^gkf'k;s* ij ns'kt yksx vkSj ?kqeUrw

Hindi Book.indd 14

7/13/2017 12:11:23 PM

Hkk"kk % okOk~Q ,oa ys[ku • 15

tutkfr;ka gSaA ;g eq[;r% O;ofLFkr :i ls mu ij vkjksfir ôkpk?kkr* (aphasia) osQ dkj.k gqvk gSA Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k ,d lkewfgd ç;kl gS Hkkjr osQ yksxksa }kjk viuh Hkk"kkvksa dks js[kkafdr djus osQ fy,A ;g ,slk dksbZ ç;kl ugha gS fd fxz;lZu osQ losZ{k.k dks nksgjk;k tk,] cnyk tk, ;k mldk fodYi fn;k tk,A nksuksa losZ{k.kksa osQ ekun.M vyx&vyx gSaA Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k ,d vukSipkfjd ç;kl gS nqfu;k osQ lkeus ;g ykus dk fd Hkkjr esa Hkkf"kd fofoèkrk çpqj ek=kk esa gS rFkk nqfu;k esa tSfod&lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk dks thfor j[krs gq, vkSj lkFk gh] yEcs la?k"kZ osQ ckn Hkkjr us tks yksdrU=k ik;k gS] mldks lajf{kr j[kk tk ldrk gSA

tdM+h gqbZ ekSf[kdrk fofy;e tksUl osQ le; ls gh cM+s ç;kl bl ckr dks ysdj gq, fd Hkkjr esa tSfod fofoèkrk rFkk Kku ijEijk dks O;Dr djus okyh çeq[k ladYiuk dks rS;kj djsaA mifuos'khdj.k dh blh rjg dh çfØ;k us Hkh Kku ijEijk vkSj if'peh vkèkqfudrk osQ lUnHkZ esa Kku osQ vkSifuosf'kd mRikn osQ chp rqyuk djus dk ç;kl fd;kA Hkkjr esa bu nksuksa osQ chp HkkbZpkjk vkSj Vdjko yxkrkj if'peh laKkukRed Kku rFkk Hkkjr dh ekSf[kd ijEijk ls tqM+s leqnk;ksa dh opZLo 'kSyh osQ chp cu jgk gSA Kku dh eq[; laLFkkvksa tSls LowQy] fo'ofo|ky;] vLirky rFkk vnkyrksa dks ,slk :i ns fn;k x;k gS ftlesa çk;% os tfVyrk,a ugha gksrha tks ^Hkkjrh;* miegk}hi dh lH;rk dh egku miyfCèk jgh gSa (uUnh (Nandy), 1987_ nsoh (Devy), 2009)A ,slh fLFkfr ls tks ckSf¼d pqukSrh feyh gS mlls 21oha 'krkCnh osQ fopkjdksa dks le>uk gksxkA laKkukRed dksfV;ksa esa lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ dksfV tks lH;rk osQ bl laØe.k dks yxkrkj >sy jgh gS og Hkk"kk dh ltZukRed vfHkO;fDr rFkk Hkk"kk dk fooj.k gSA Hkkjrh; lkSUn;Z'kkL=k rFkk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk foKku dk fomifuos'khdj.k fcuk fdlh vLi"Vrk osQ vrhr dh vksj ys tkus osQ fy, fd;k tk,] ;g ledkyhu Hkkjrh; cqf¼thfo;ksa osQ fy, ,d cgqr cM+h ftEesnkjh gSA bl nkSj esa Hkk"kk vkSj ekSf[kd ijEijk osQ chp lEcUèk dks O;k[;kf;r djus okyh Jsf.k;ksa dk ç'u mBkus dh igy dh xbZ gS (nsoh 2006)A Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k dk ;gh eq[; eqík jgk gSA Hkk"kk dk fooj.k nsuk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k dk eq[; mís'; jgk gS blfy, mlus r; fd;k gS fd ,sfrgkfld Hkk"kk foKku ftu ç'uksa dks mBkrs gSa muls nwj jgk tk,] tSls fdlh Hkk"kk dh mRifÙk rFkk mldk ifjokjA Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k us blosQ ctk; ,d u&,sfrgkfld i¼fr viukbZ vkSj ;g çLrqr fd;k fd 21oha 'krkCnh osQ vkjfEHkd o"kks± esa Hkk"kk dh D;k fLFkfr gSA fdlh ,d Hkk"kk ifjokj esa Hkk"kk osQ LFkku dks fuèkkZfjr djus osQ fl¼kUr osQ vfrfjDr tks lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ fu;e tksUl ls ysdj fxz;lZu rd rFkk mlosQ ckn Hkh tkjh jgk] og Fkk Hkk"kk vkSj cksyh dk vUrjA yxHkx rhl o"kks± osQ fparu&euu rFkk vius lg;ksfx;ksa vkSj Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k osQ vius lEikndh; Vhe osQ lkFk lkewfgd :i ls fopkj djus osQ ckn eSaus ;g fu.kZ; fy;k fd fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk dks cksyh ugha dgk tk,A ;fn fdlh Hkk"kk osQ cksyus okys vfèkdka'k yksx mls Hkk"kk ekurs gSa cksyh ugha rks ;g csgrj gksxk fd mls Hkk"kk ekuk tk, Hkys gh ikjEifjd Hkk"kk oSKkfud mls vLohdk;Z le>saA Hkk"kk foKku us foxr nks 'krkfCn;ksa esa vè;;u osQ {ks=k esa dkiQh çxfr dh gSA fiQj Hkh tfVy ,oa vewrZ laçs"k.k dks vfHkO;fDr çnku djus osQ fy, euq"; }kjk Ikz;ksx fd, tkus okys ekSf[kd laosQrksa osQ O;ogkjksa osQ jgL;ksa dks çdV djus esa vHkh Hkh mls yEch ;k=kk djuh ckdh gSA cksfy;ksa dk ç'u Hkh vHkh muosQ chp vuqÙkfjr gh gSA

Hindi Book.indd 15

7/13/2017 12:11:23 PM

16


Hkk"kk ,oa ;FkkFkZ ekuo fodkl dh çfØ;k osQ Hkh dbZ jgL; gSaA bl çfØ;k dh gekjh vi;kZIr le> gh gesa vfrlkèkkj.k oSKkfud LFkkiuk,a djus osQ fy, çsfjr djrh gSA ;s ekU;rk,a ,slh gSa fd buosQ Bhd foijhr ekU;rk,a Hkh mfpr çrhr gksrh gSaA lkekftd laLFkk osQ :i esa Hkk"kk] mldh mRifÙk dh çÑfr rFkk mldh lajpuk dh Li"V pj.kc¼ çfØ;k ekuo fodkl dh ;k=kk osQ oqQN jgL; gSaA (dkWcSZfyl (Corballis), 2011_ eSdeksgu ,.M eSdeksgu (McMohan and McMohan), 2013)A tc fo'o dk fuekZ.k gqvk rks D;k dksbZ èofu fudyh Fkh\ èofu mlosQ igys Hkh Fkh D;k] tc Ik'kq vkoktsa fudkyus yxs\ ewd èofu&vugr~ èofu rFkk d.B osQ }kjk 'okl dh çfØ;k dks D;ksa pqukA D;k bls vFkZ osQ ekè;e ls vFkok 'kjhj osQ lapyu ls (tSls eèkqefD[k;ksa esa gksrk gS) Hkh mlh rjg vfHkO;Dr fd;k tk ldrk Fkk\ euq"; us mlh vkReh;rk ls vU; ekè;eksa dh [kkst D;ksa ugha dh\ bu ç'uksa dk lS¼kfUrd Lrj ij mÙkj fn;k tk ldrk gSA fdUrq ;s vUrj nk'kZfud LFkkiukvksa osQ Lrj ij lgh ugha ik, tk ldrsA nk'kZfud LFkkiuk,a lgh gksrh gSa vkSj iw.kZr% lgh ugha Hkh gksrh gSaA d.B osQ ekè;e ls ok;q dk fu;eu] ckSf¼d fodkl osQ oqQN pj.kksa esa] vFkZ osQ laçs"k.k dk eq[; rjhdk FkkA blosQ ckn vad vkSj v{kj mPp Lrj osQ laosQr&èofu osQ fpg~u cu x,A rc fyf[kr Hkk"kk iw.kZr% ekSf[kd Hkk"kk dks foLFkkfir D;ksa ugha dj ldh\ Hkk"kk vfèkxzg.k dk fl¼kUr ,d f'k'kq dh laKkukRed lajpuk esa vUrfuZfgr ekudj LFkkfir fd;k x;kA rc ,slk dksbZ fl¼kUr D;ksa ugha LFkkfir fd;k x;k tks ;g crk, fd fyfi;ksa esa ç;qDr laosQr] cksys tkus okys v{kj rFkk oko~Q èofu vFkok iQksu osQ chp lEokn dks xzg.k djus dh LokHkkfod fo'ks"krk gksrh gS\ ^vFkZ* osQ vUrxZr 'kkfey gSµ tks laosQrksa] èofu;ksa rFkk fpg~uksa osQ ekè;e ls vfHkO;Dr gksrk gS– blosQ vfrfjDr ekSu] fLFkjrk rFkk fjDr LFkku Hkh vFkZ fudyrk gSA blfy, okLro esa vFkZ osQ vUrxZr tks ckr vkrh gS mls iw.kZr% Li"V :i esa vfHkO;Dr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA T;knk&ls&T;knk vFkZ osQ fl¼kUr nk'kZfud vuqekuksa osQ Lrj ij gq, gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr] vc rd ;g Hkh Li"V :i ls LFkkfir ugha gks ldk fd D;k vFkZ Hkk"kk gS\ ;k D;k vFkZ Hkk"kk osQ igys vfLrRo esa vkrk gS\ vkSj D;k ;g dksbZ vU; lkekftd ;k rÙo ehekalh; O;oLFkk gS tks ekSf[kd Hkk"kk ls iw.kZr% LorU=k gS\ vkSj bldh lhek dk vfrØe.k djrh gSA ;g lgh gS fd ^Hkk"kk* vuqçk;ksfxd voèkkj.kk osQ :i esa ,d O;fDr dh le> osQ nk;js esa gh vkrh gSA fdUrq ;g Hkh lgh gS fd 'kCnksa dks le>us dh fdlh O;fDr dh {kerk ekSf[kd Hkk"kk ls gh vuqowQfyr gksrh gSA blosQ dkj.k gh ge ;g ekuus osQ fy, foo'k gSa fd Hkk"kk ,d lkekftd laLFkk gSA fdUrq D;k Hkk"kk ^vFkZ* gS ;k fiQj ;g dksbZ HkkSfrd înkFkZ* gS\ D;k ;g vrhfUæ; ÅtkZ gS vFkok ;g iw.kZr% ,d lkekftd laLFkk gS\ D;k ;g egt ,d tSfod dk;Z gS tks euq"; osQ 'kjhj vkSj eu dks fodkl dh çfØ;k esa djus osQ fy, çnÙk gS\ vFkok D;k ;s lHkh ,d Lrj ij Hkk"kk dh voèkkj.kk osQ fofHkUu ^vk;ke* gSa\ ekuo foKkuksa osQ lokZfèkd fodflr gksus osQ ckotwn Hkk"kk foKku dks bu lHkh ç'uksa osQ iw.kZrk% mÙkj vHkh Hkh nsus ckdh gSa\ ,d LFkkfir ekU;rk gS fd laLÑfr dh vkSj dksbZ vfHkO;fDr ugha fliZQ Hkk"kk gh gS vkSj nksuksa (Hkk"kk vkSj laLÑfr) ,d vkSj ,deso gh gSaA ;g Hkh LFkkfir gS fd laKkukRedrk Hkh Hkk"kk osQ fcuk vlEHko gksxhA vFkZ osQ

Hindi Book.indd 16

7/13/2017 12:11:23 PM

Hkk"kk % okOk~Q ,oa ys[ku • 17

fo"k; esa Hkh ;g er gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ^Hkk"kk* dks ekuo foosd dh vfHkO;fDr dh çR;sd ckg~; lhekvksa dk fuèkkZj.k djus okys ,d ekè;e osQ :i esa iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA (dkWcSZfyl (Corballis), 2011) tc LoIu dh lajpuk Hkk"kk ij vkèkkfjr ugha gS rc Hkh bls Hkk"kk lajpuk osQ :i esa voèkkj.kkRed :i ls çLrqr fd;k tkrk gSA liuksa dh mRifÙk bls ;kn j[k ikus ;k Le`fr esa cus jgus esa gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ge dg ldrs gSa fd Le`fr Hkk"kk osQ vHkko esa iw.kZr% cuh ugha jg ldrhA blh çdkj] ge ;g ekurs gSa fd çsj.kk] dYiuk vkSj roZQ tSlh ekufld fo'ks"krk,a Hkk"kk osQ vHkko esa ugha jg ldrhaA ;|fi] ;s ekU;rk,a vifjgk;Z çrhr gksrh gSa] fiQj Hkh ;g lgh gS fd êuq";* ;s vuqHko nwljs çkf.k;ksa ls lk>k djrk gS rks mlesa Hkk"kk dk vHkko gksrk gS vkSj og vFkZ dks çdV djus osQ fy, èofu ij fuHkZj jgrk gSA 'kkjhfjd lUrqyu [kksus dk vuqHko] rFkk 'kkjhfjd vkd"kZ.k bl çdkj osQ vuqHkoksa osQ egÙoiw.kZ mnkgj.k gSaA n`'; çiap'kkL=k (Phenomenology) ekuo le> dk ,d foKku gSA bldh ekU;rk gS fd ekuo efLr"d osQ }kjk vfèkxzfgr voèkkj.kk osQ lrr fodflr Lo:i esa Hkk"kk dk fodkl gksrk gSA blosQ foijhr] ;g roZQ fn;k x;k fd n`';kRed okLrfodrk dks ekuo }kjk vftZr djus esa mlh çdkj lEoèkZu gksrk gS tSls tfVyrkvksa dks le>us dh Hkk"kk dh {kerk gksrh gSA rks ;g lpeqp dfBu gS] Hkk"kk osQ nk;js ls vuqHko dk nk;jk LorU=k gksA blosQ lkFk gh] ;g vkSj Hkh dfBu gksxk fd ge vuqHko osQ nk;js dks njfdukj dj nsaA blh çdkj] bl ç'u dk mÙkj nsuk Hkh dfBu gS fd D;k vfHkO;fDr osQ Hkkf"kd vFkok vèkZHkkf"kd :i& tSls fyfi] O;kdj.k vkSj laLÑfr dks Hkk"kk ;k Hkk"kk,¡ ekurs gSa ;k ugha\ T;knk&ls&T;knk mUgsa gkf'k, dh lhek esa èkosQy fn;k tkrk gS vkSj cksfy;ksa rFkk {ks=kh; Hkk"kkvksa dh dksfV esa 'kkfey dj fy;k tkrk gSA oLrqr%] vFkZ osQ foLr`r nk;js esa èofu osQ :i esa bldh jgL;e;h mRifÙk ls ysdj êkuo* ns'kdky osQ ekè;e ls O;kid foLrkj rd & euq"; dh Hkk"kkvksa dks loksZÙke :i esa vckfèkr ^èofu* dh cksfy;ksa osQ :i esa ns[kk tk ldrk gSA blh çdkj] vFkZ dk iwjk nk;jk tks inkFkks± vkSj çrhdkRed ekè;eksa ls vfHkO;Dr gks ldrk gS] èofu&çrhd ij vkèkkfjr ^Hkk"kk* dks osQoy cksfy;ksa osQ ,d:i esa gh fxuk tk,xkA ;gh ugha] fo'o dh xgjh le> rFkk lrr fodkl dh çfØ;k ;g lEHkkouk trkrh gS fd 'kk;n gekjs fodkl osQ orZeku Lrj ij Hkk"kk dks lexz :i esa ge ftruk tkurs gSa og ekuo bfUæ;ksa esa miyCèk vuUr lEHkkoukvksa dk ,d NksVk lk fgLlk gSA bl çdkj] Hkk"kk dks ,d rjg ls gekjh lexz vuqHkwfr;ksa dk ,d fgLlk ;k cksyh ekuk tk,xkA blosQ vfrfjDr] 'kCnksa vkSj fyfi;ksa esa ftruh ekuo Hkk"kk,¡ ekStwn gSa mUgsa ,d cksyh gh ekuk tk,xk vFkkZr~ lexz vuqHkwfr] vFkZ vkSj èofu dk ,dek=k b;ÙkkA blfy,] cksyh gksuk vFkZ dh mRØkafr fiNys ik;nku ij gksuk ugha vfirq mlosQ vxz.kh gksuk gSA cksyh dh okLrfod çÑfr dks le>k tk ldrk gS] ;fn bldh voèkkj.kk bl çdkj gks fd ;g ,d vFkZ dk vfuok;Z fgLlk gS u fd Hkk"kk dk {kh.k rÙo ftldh fu;fr lrr foLr`r ;FkkFkZ dk ,d vO;ofLFkr :i gksuk gS tks viuh fof'k"V voLFkk esa vFkZ osQ LoPNan nk;js esa pyh tkrh gSA Hkk"kkvksa osQ bfrgkl ls irk pyrk gS fd os cksfy;ksa dks vkdf"kZr djrh jgha gSaA cksfy;ksa dh fu;fr gS] os vFkZ dh ubZ lEHkkoukvksa dh ryk'k djsa mu ekud Hkk"kkvksa ls vius fj'rs [kRe fd, fcuk ftuosQ lkFk lEcUèk LFkkfir djuk jktuhfrd vkSj ,sfrgkfld :i ls muosQ fy, ckè;dkjh jgk gSA cksyh dh fu;fr mHk;fu"B eqæk cus jguk gSA nqHkkZX; ls mldk ewY; derj gksrk gSA

Hindi Book.indd 17

7/13/2017 12:11:23 PM

18


;fn ,d :id dk ç;ksx djsa rks cksyh ,d uoksfnr xzg osQ ifjos'k osQ inkFkZ osQ leku gS ftl xzg dks vHkh Hkh fodkl dh pje lhek rd igqapuk gSA ,d Hkk"kk dk xzg&ifjos'k bldh cksfy;ksa osQ }kjk le>k tkrk gSA buosQ ekè;e ls gh Hkk"kk,¡ viuh ckgj dh nqfu;k ls lgtrk ls lEioZQ LFkkfir dj ikrh gSaA blhfy, os muls tqM+h jgus esa l{ke gksrh gSaA vHkh rd ;g ekuk tkrk jgk gS fd çHkqRo'kkyh oxZ osQ }kjk cksyh tkus okyh Hkk"kk gh ekud Hkk"kk dk ntkZ ik ysrh gS ogha ftu Hkk"kkvksa dks nck fn;k tkrk gS os cksyh cu tkrh gSaA ;g er baXyS.M esa vaxzsth osQ bfrgkl ij vkèkkfjr gSA bl roZQ osQ vkèkkj ij dgsa rks jktuhfrd opZLo'kkyh Hkkjrh;ksa }kjk cksyh tkus okyh fgUnh vc rd ekud Hkk"kk cu tkrh_ rFkk ejkBk 'kkldksa dh Hkk"kk ejkBh eq[; Hkk"kk cu tkrhA fdUrq ,slk ugha gqvkA Hkkjrh; vuqHko ls ,slk çrhr gksrk gS fd baXyS.M esa vaxzsth dk bfrgkl lkoZHkkSfed cksyh foKku dks i;kZIr oSKkfud vkèkkj ugha çnku djrkA blosQ vfrfjDr] mu laLÑfr;ksa esa cksfy;ksa osQ ckjs esa fiQj ls fopkj djus dh vko';drk gS tgk¡ jktuhfrd :i esa opZLo'kkyh oxZ çk;% ,d xSj&ns'kt Hkk"kk cksyrk gS vkSj tgk¡ lkaLÑfrd :i ls opZLo'kkyh oxZ ,dyHkk"kh ugha jgk gSA ;fn ge bl fooknkLin ekU;rk dks njfdukj dj nsa fd Hkk"kk euq"; dh le> osQ nk;js esa lrr fodkleku vuqHko yksd dks ykus dk ,d ekè;e gS] rc ge ;g ekusaxs fd cksfy;ka (;k miHkk"kk,¡a) ,d Hkk"kk esa vFkZ osQ fo'kkyhdj.k dh çfØ;k esa çeq[k Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSaA bl çfØ;k esa ;g vko';d gks tkrk gS fd ubZ lEosnukvksa rFkk lokZfèkd çkphu laLÑfr;ksa dk lkFkZd leUo; gksA ;g leUo; djus osQ gsrq cksfy;k¡ vius vfLrRo vkSj vfLerk dks nkao ij yxk nsrh gSa vkSj ml Hkk"kk esa O;kid lEosnu'khyrk vkSj vfHkO;fDr dkS'ky ys vkrh gSaA Ckksfy;ksa osQ cxSj Hkk"kk,¡ vFkZghu 'kCn Hk.Mkj cu tk,axhA ,slh fLFkfr esa 'kCn O;fDrRoghu çrhd cu tk,axsA lEHkor% ,slh Hkk"kk,¡ iw.kZ vewrZu dh lÙkk çkIr dj ysaxh tSlk xf.kr esa gksrk gSA fdUrq Hkkf"kd fcEc tks buesa gksrk gS og bruk vn`'; gks tk,xk fd os 'kk;n ç;ksDrk dks iw.kZr% ekuo psruk ls foeq[k dj nsxhA Hkk"kk dk ,d O;fDrRo gksuk gh pkfg,A euq"; Hkk"kk dk migkj rHkh vfèkd le; rd lEogu dj ldrk gS tc og viuh ç;qDr Hkk"kk osQ lkFk HkkokRed :i ls tqM+k gksA 'krkfCn;ksa rd ;wjksih; Hkk"kk oSKkfudksa us ewy Hkk"kk vFkok lHkh Hkk"kkvksa dh ekr`Hkk"kk dks [kkstus osQ vusd ç;Ru fd, (eSdeksgu ,.M eSdeksgu] 2013)A bu ç;Ruksa osQ ewy esa cScsy osQ Vkoj dk feFkd Fkk ftlesa ekuk x;k gS fd ,d Hkk"kk vla[; vuqdj.kkRed Hkk"kkvksa esa fc[kj xbZA iru'khy cksfy;ksa dks ^'kq¼* Hkk"kk dh ik'oZ Hkwfe ;k rygVh le>k x;kA ;s rygfV;ka okLro esa muosQ vfLrRo vkSj fodkl dh lzksr jgha gSaA cksfy;ka] miHkk"kk,¡] Hkk"kkvksa dh fofoèkrk rFkk ik'oZ dh cksfy;ka ,slh ÅtkZ,a gSa ftUgksaus Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa osQ çokg dks lrr :i ls cuk, j[kk gSA çokg osQ :id dks vkxs c FkhA bl çdkj dh LowQyh f'k{kk 13oha 'krkCnh esa ifjofrZr gks xbZ tc Hkkjr esa dkxt miyCèk gks x;kA fiQj Hkh ekSf[kd dk LFkku iwjh rjg ls ;k O;kid :i ls fyf[kr us ugha fy;k FkkA Hkkjrh; Kku lajpuk esa nksuksa dk lgvfLrRo ikjLifjd lg;ksxh osQ :i esa cuk jgkA dgk tkrk gS fd rqdkjke dh xkFkk dks mu vkykspdksa us bUæk;uh esa frjksfgr dj fn;k Fkk ftUgksaus rqdkjke dh ekuorkoknh fopkjèkkjk dk fojksèk fd;k FkkA ij ,slk Hkh ekuk tkrk gS fd xkFkk iqu% çdk'k esa vk xbZA ;g rks r; gS fd rqdkjke us fy[kk FkkA rqdkjke ls igys ,dukFk us Kkus'oj jpukvksa dk ,d ladyu rS;kj fd;kA ;|fi] fyfi;ksa esa jpukvksa dks fy[kus osQ lk{; ekStwn gSa fdUrq ikB dk fuekZ.k ekSf[kd :i ls gh gksrk FkkA rc rqdkjke dh ^xkFkk* dks fyf[kr jpuk ekuk tk, ;k ekSf[kd jpuk (fp=ks (Chitre)] 1991)\ blh çdkj] dchj] ehjk vkSj vU; vusd HkfDrdky osQ dfo;ksa dh jpukvksa dks eè;dky osQ iwjs nkSj esa ys[ku ;k okpu osQ :i esa gh iw.kZr% ugha ns[kk tk ldrk gSA vfirq ys[ku vkSj okpu ,d&nwljs osQ iwjd FksA dkxt feyus yxk rks fopkjd ys[ku osQ fy, dkxt dk ç;ksx djus yxsA blosQ igys isM+ dh Nky ij os fy[krs FksA ihkuk Fkk ftls bl lHkk us fxz;lZu osQ losZ{k.k ls le>k Fkk rFkk ftlosQ fy, ,d jk"Vªh; Lrj ij laçs"k.kh; Hkk"kk dh vko';drk FkhA bl lUnHkZ esa lafoèkku lHkk dh cgl leqfpr :i ls fdlh vafre fu"d"kZ ij ugha igqaph Fkh ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i Hkk"kkvksa osQ fy, ,d fo'ks"k vuqlwph&vkBoha vuqlwph lafoèkku esa j[kuh iM+hA (lkjaxh (Sarangi)] 2009)A LorU=k Hkkjr dh ihfkj[k.M dh Hkk"kk,¡ Hkkx rhu (vaxzsth) & fcgkj ,oa mÙkj çns'k dh Hkk"kk,¡& vuqHkkx ,d Hkkx rhu (fgUnh) & fcgkj ,oa mÙkj çns'k dh Hkk"kk,¡& vuqHkkx nks Hkkx pkj (vaxzsth) & fcgkj ,oa mÙkj çns'k dh Hkk"kk,¡ [k.M&N% (vaxzsth) vkUèkz çns'k & rfeyukMq] osQjy] dukZVd] ikf.Mpsjh] xksok] y{k}hi ,oa v.Meku çk;}hiksa dh Hkk"kk,¡ [k.M&lkr (ejkBh ,oa xqtjkrh) Hkkx ,d (ejkBh) & egkjk"Vª dh cksyh o Hkk"kk Hkkx nks (xqtjkrh) & xqtjkr dh Hkk"kk cgqyrk Hkkx rhu (vaxzsth@fgUnh) & egkjk"Vª ,oa xqtjkr dh Hkk"kk,¡@egkjk"Vª ,oa xqtjkr dh Hkk"kk fofoèkrk [k.M&vkB (fgUnh] iatkch ,oa vaxzsth) Hkkx ,d (fgUnh) & jktLFkku ,oa gfj;k.kk dh Hkk"kk fofoèkrk Hkkx nks (iatkch) & iatkc dh Hkk"kk fofoèkrk Hkkx rhu (vaxzsth) & iatkc] gfj;k.kk ,oa jktLFkku dh Hkk"kk,¡ [k.M&ukS (fgUnh ,oa vaxzsth) Hkkx ,d (fgUnh) & eè; çns'k dh Hkk"kk,¡ Hkkx nks (vaxzsth) & eè; çns'k esa Hkk"kk fofoèkrk Hkkx rhu (fgUnh) & NÙkhlxko fn;k fd ge bu lHkh ,d gtkj ;k mlls vfèkd ukeksa dks vkoj.k i`"B ij ^ys[kd* osQ :i esa Nki nsaA esjs fopkj dks jk"Vªh; lEikndh; lewg (NEC) dk leFkZu ugha feykA nf{k.k Hkkjr osQ oqQN egÙoiw.kZ fopkjdksa us Li"V :i ls viuh bPNk O;Dr dh fd mUgsa PLSI jkT; leUo;d ;k [k.M lEiknd osQ :i esa Js; fn;k tk,A oqQN vU; egkuqHkkoksa us çdk'ku çfØ;k osQ ckjs esa vius ljksdkj O;Dr fd,A mudk roZQ Fkk fd dksbZ Hkh vPNk çdk'kd dHkh Hkh gtkj ;k mlls Hkh T;knk ^ys[kdksa* osQ fy, la;qDr :i ls fdlh vuqcUèk i=k ij gLrk{kj ugha djsxkA blls igys eSaus vius lkjs dk;Z lkewfgd ckSf¼d dk;Z dk n`k fd Hkkjr dh leqærVh; Hkk"kkvksa ij ,d [k.M rS;kj fd;k tk,A ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ ,d [k.M esa bUgha Hkk"kkvksa dh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA blh çdkj] ;g vko';d Fkk fd Hkkjr osQ ckgj iSQyh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa osQ vfLrRo dh ppkZ dh tk,A fxz;lZu osQ le; esa Hkh Hkkjrh; lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ rÙo çoklu FkkA gekjs le; esa lkekftd xfr'khyrk dk ;g lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ dkjd cu x;k gSA vc rks ge ikrs gSa fd Hkkjrh; ewy osQ fuoklh nqfu;k osQ fofHkUu egk}hiksa osQ yxHkx lHkh ns'kksa esa cl x, gSa ;k clrs tk jgs gSaA os Hkkjr ls ckgj tkrs gSa rks mudh Hkk"kk,¡ Hkh muosQ lkFk u, Hkk"kk osQ ifjos'k esa pyh tkrh gSa ('kekZ ,oa vUukeykbZ (Sharma and Annamalai)] 2003)A blfy, ;g vko';d gS fd Hkkjr osQ Hkhrj Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dk lexz foospu djrs gq, Hkkjr osQ ckgj dh Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh ekStwnxh ij Hkh fopkj fd;k tk,A blh rjg] Hkkjr esa ekStwn vusd vUrjkZ"Vªh; Hkk"kkvksa vkSj Hkk"kk ç;ksx dks ns[krs gq, ;g vko';d le>k x;k fd Hkkjr esa ç;qDr vUrjkZ"Vªh; Hkk"kkvksa ij ,d [k.M j[kk tk,A LokHkkfod gS fd vaxzsth buesa ls lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ gSA [k.M 48 vkSj 49 nksuksa Øe'k% lEcUèkokpd (fj'rksa) 'kCnksa rFkk le; vkSj LFkkuokpd 'kCnksa ls tqM+s gSa tks ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- esa 'kkfey lHkh Hkk"kkvksa ls fy, x, gSaA vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd lEcUèkokpd 'kCnksa dks 'kkfey djuk osQoy u`rÙo'kkL=kh; vè;;u osQ fy, mi;qDr lkexzh ugha gksxh] vfirq ;g Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dh çÑfr ij Hkh çdk'k Mkysxh tks fd bu Hkk"kkvksa osQ }kjk ijLij lEcUèk dh Hkkouk ls tqM+h vusd fo'on`f"V;ksa dks Hkh vfHkO;Dr djsxkA ;g tqM+ko gS nks O;fDr;ksa osQ chp] ,d Hkk"kk vkSj i;kZoj.k] ,d O;fDr vkSj mldh çÑfr] O;fDr vkSj lekt] ekuo tkfr rFkk cg~ek.M osQ chpA ftu fo"k;ksa ij vHkh rd vè;;u ugha gqvk gS mu ij Hkh fopkj djus osQ fy, ;g cgqr mi;ksxh gksxkA lEcUèkksa dk vè;;u djus osQ fy, lEcUèkokpd 'kCnksa dh lexzrk ls cukbZ xbZ rqyukRed rkfydk egÙoiw.kZ gksxhA blh roZQ osQ vuqlkj gesa LFkku vkSj dkyokpd 'kCnksa dks ,d lkFk ykuk mi;ksxh gks losQxkA geus ;g ckr ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- [k.Mksa dh voèkkj.kk r; djrs le; lksph FkhA

Hindi Book.indd 40

7/13/2017 12:11:24 PM

yksd Hkk"kk losZ{k.k D;k gS\ • 41

Ikh-,y-,l-vkbZ- esa D;k 'kkfey gS\ vc rd rks ;g Li"V gks pqdk gksxk fd fof'k"V Hkk"kk oSKkfudksa osQ fy, Hkh D;k ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- mPpLrjh; 'kksèkijd Hkk"kkoSKkfud foospu osQ fy, Lohdk;Z gksxk& ;g ç'u iwNuk gh mfpr ugha gSA bldk ljy mÙkj gS fd ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- Hkk"kk'kkfL=k;ksa dh n`f"V esa ,d v/wjk dk;Z gks ldrk gSA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- lewg bl ckr ls voxr gSA fiQj Hkh og ftu ij okXvk?kkr vkjksfir gS] tSls ns'kt vkSj ?kqeUrw leqnk;ksa rFkk leqærVh; yksxksa vkSj igkM+h yksxksa] okXleqnk;ksa osQ çfr vius mÙkjnkf;Ro dks tkurk gSA blfy, ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- us r; fd;k fd mudh HkqykbZ tk pqdh vkoktksa dks ,d eap çnku djs u fd mudh Hkk"kkvksa dk vdknfed :i ls fo'ys"k.k çLrqr djsA ;g T;knk vPNk gksxk fd ge ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dks leku fopkjksa okys yksxksa osQ ,d vkUnksyu dh vfHkO;fDr ekusa& bl lewg esa fo}kuksa osQ lkFk&lkFk vke yksx Hkh 'kkfey gSa tks O;kid Lrj ij Hkk"kk yksi vkSj lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk osQ de gksus ls fpafrr jgs gSa vkSj tks le> jgs gSa fd Hkk"kkvksa dk Hkfo"; [krjs esa gSA blosQ ckotwn ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ ipkl [k.Mksa dh lkexzh esa Hkk"kkoSKkfudksa osQ fy, Hkh ,slk cgqr oqQN gksxk ftlls lSdM+ksa thfor Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa dk vPNk vè;;u djuk vklku cusxkA bl çLrkouk [k.M osQ ckn rhl [k.Mksa esa fuEufyf[kr Hkk"kkvksa dh ppkZ dh xbZ gS& ,-csax] ,oh] vcqtekfM;k] vkfnoklh] vksfM+;k] vxkj] vxkjh;k] vxsjk] vfgjk.kh] vkjkoyh] ,eksy] ,sVu vkvks] vDdk gj;wlks] vEcqMh] vuy] v.Mekfut] vaxkeh] vafxdk] vkvks] virkuh] vjSfcd] v#.kkpyh] vlfe;k] vlwj] vVksax] cMk&ijtk] cMxk] ckxMh] cxkyh] c?kkrh] c?ksyh] cSxk] cSxkuh] cftdk] ckYVh] ckaXyk] caxkuh] caxk:] catkjh@catkjk] cjsyk (fHkykbZ)] ckofj;k] cke] ckthxjh] csfM;k] csynkj] csêðkoqQjEck] Hknokjh] Hkæokgh] Hkgsjk] HkkaM] HkkaVw] Hkrkjk] HkkVh] HkV~Vw] Hkhyh@HkhyksMh] Hkkstiqjh] HkwVh] HkwfV;k] Hkwtsy] Hkwfet] Hkqaft;k] ck;Vs] fcdkusjh] fca>y] fcjft;k] fcjgy] fcjgksj] fc".kqfç;k] cksMks] cksdj vfn] cksaMk] cwV eksaik@lkjrax] cksjh vfn] czt] czks[ks] czksDldr] czw] cqxqu] cqDlkjh] cqUnsyh] cehZ] cq:'kLdh] C;kjh] pdek] p[kslka] pkekVh] pafc;kyh] panxMh] pkax] pkih] pkjuh] pjksrjh] pkSèkjh] psapq] psjks] Nijcan] NÙkhlxk djuk pkgrk gwa fd esjs lkFk brus yksx D;ksa tqM+sA eSa ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ vfHkys[kksa ls oqQN lk{; çLrqr djuk pkgrk gwaA cgqr cM+h Vhe osQ lkFk bZ&esy lwpukvksa dk vknku&çnku gtkjksa dh la[;k esa gekjs vfHkys[kksa esa ekStwn gSaA elkSnksa osQ gtkjksa i`"B Hkh gSaA cM+h la[;k esa ehfM;k fjiksVZ tks vkjfEHkd o"kks± esa rstxko fn,A frCcrh] cekZ Hkk"kk ifjokj dh LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa dh oqQN fo'ks"krk,a cgqr gh jkspd yxhaA ml dk;Z'kkyk osQ ckn ifj;kstuk ij xEHkhjrk ls dk;Z gksuk 'kq: gks x;kA iatkc rFkk gfj;k.kk dh Hkk"kkvksa ij dk;Z'kkyk

iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk dh Hkk"kkvksa ij nks fnolh; dk;Z'kkyk Hkk"kk foKku foHkkx] iatkch fo'ofo|ky; ifV;kyk esa twu 2010 esa gqbZA mlesa yxHkx 15 çfrHkkxh FksA tksxk flag (Joga Singh) LFkkuh; leUo;d FksA iatkch fo'ofo|ky; osQ oqQyifr tliky flag (Jaspal Singh) us bldk mn~?kkVu fd;kA x.ks'k nsoh us ifj;kstuk osQ ckjs esa foLrkj ls crk;kA eSaus çfof"V;ksa osQ çk:i osQ fo"k; esa crk;kA geus mu Hkk"kkvksa dks fpfUgr fd;k ftu ij çfof"V;ka fy[kh tkuh FkhaA lHkh mRlkfgr fn[ks vkSj cgqr ls çfrHkkfx;ksa us çfof"V;ka fy[kus dh lgefr nhA nqHkkZX; ls os ok;ns iwjs ugha gks losQ D;ksafd LFkkuh; leUo;d çfrHkkfx;ksa ls çfof"V;ka fy[kokdj Hkst ugha ik,A jktLFkku

eSa 25 ls 27 tuojh 2011 rd jktLFkku osQUæh; fo'ofo|ky; fd'kuxs 'kksèkkfFkZ;ksa rFkk Hkk"kk oSKkfudksa osQ lkFk ,d cSBd djus dk volj feyk tks çns'k dh gkf'k, dh Hkk"kkvksa ij 'kksèk dj jgs FksA eSaus ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ mís';ksa vkSj çk:iksa ij muls ckr dh vkSj ,slh oqQN Hkk"kkvksa ij çfof"V;ka ekaxhA ,sls yksxksa dks fpfUgr fd;k x;k tks 'khuk] 'ks[kxy iksxqyh ,oa fljkth ij çfof"V;ka fy[k ldrs FksA eSaus bu Hkk"kkvksa osQ oqQN vkadM+s ns[ks ftu ij os 'kksèk dk;Z dj jgs FksA mUgksaus eq>s vk'oLr fd;k fd os çfof"V;kas osQ fy, oqQN vkSj vkadM+s bdêòs djsaxsA eSaus tkosn jkgh (Javed Rahi) osQ lkFk tEew&d'ehj dyk] laLÑfr ,oa Hkk"kk ,osQMeh Jhuxj esa cSBd dh vkSj muls dgk fd xkstjh ij ,d çfof"V fy[ksaA eSa ohuk xqIrk] mins'k dkSj vkSj çhre dkSy (Veena Gupta, Updesh Kour and Pritam Kaul) ls feykA ;s yksx tEew ls gSaA buls Mksxjh] iqaph rFkk Hknjokgh ij fy[kus osQ fy, dgkA ,d O;fDr dh lgk;rk ls lwpuk bdêòh dj IkQhYMooZQ djus osQ ckn eSaus dFkkokjh ij ,d çfof"V fy[khA

Hindi Book.indd 49

7/13/2017 12:11:25 PM

50


tEew esa dk;Z'kkyk

tEew&d'ehj dh Hkk"kkvksa ij ,d dk;Z'kkyk tEew fo'ofo|ky; osQ iatkch foHkkx esa 26&27 uoEcj] 2011 dks gqbZA mins'k dkSj LFkkuh; leUo;d FkhA dk;Z'kkyk esa yxHkx nl fo}ku Hkkx fy,A x.ks'k nsoh us ih-,y-,lvkbZ- osQ mís';ksa dks crk;k rFkk eSaus tEew&d'ehj jkT; dk Hkkf"kd ifjp; fn;k rFkk çfof"V;ksa dks rS;kj djus dk çk:i Li"V fd;kA iqaph] Hknjokgh rFkk xkstjh dh çfof"V;ka Øe'k% mins'k dkSj] çhre dkSy rFkk tkosn jkgh us çLrqr dhaA bu çfof"V;ksa ij ppkZ gqbZ rFkk muesa lqèkkj osQ fy, lq>ko fn, x,A ohuk xqIrk us Mksxjh osQ fy, ,d çfof"V rS;kj dh rFkk ml ij eq>ls ppkZ dh] tc os fnYyh esa fnlEcj 2011 esa vkb± FkhaA cM+kSnjk esa Hkk"kk Hkkjrh lEesyu

ch-vkj-ih-lh- us cM+kSnjk esa 7&8 tuojh] 2012 dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu vk;ksftr djus dk iSQlyk fd;kA Hkkjr osQ fofHkUu çns'kksa rFkk fons'k ls Hkkjh la[;k esa yksxksa us Hkkx fy;kA ftlesa 900 ls vfèkd Hkk"kk,¡ fpfUgr dh xb±A Hkkjr ljdkj osQ ekuo lalkèku fodkl ea=kky; lfpo us bldk mn~?kkVu fd;kA bl volj ij fofHkUu çns'kksa dh Hkk"kkvksa dh çfof"V;ksa osQ yxHkx 15 [k.Mksa osQ elkSns dk foekspu gqvkA eq>s ,d [k.M esa tEew&d'ehj dh Hkk"kk dks çfof"V;ksa dk elkSnk rS;kj djus osQ fy, dgk x;k FkkA bl [k.M dk çkjfEHkd elkSnk Hkh ogka mn~?kkVu l=k esa foekspu esa 'kkfey Fkk ftlesa d'ehj] Hknjokgh] 'khuk] d'rokbZ rFkk 'ks[kxy 'kkfey gSaA x.ks'k nsoh us r; fd;k Fkk fd tEew&d'ehj] iatkc rFkk gfj;k.kk dh Hkk"kkvksa dks ,d gh [k.M esa çdkf'kr fd;k tk,xk ftldk lEiknu eSa vkSj vkj-osQ- HkV~V (R.K. Bhat) djsaxsA lEikndh; lewg dh cSBd

lEikndh; lewg dh cSBd iQjojh 2012 esa vkbZ-lh-,l-,l-vkj- fnYyh esa gqbZA fofHkUu jkT;ksa osQ lUnHkZ esa ifj;kstuk dh çxfr dk ,d vkdyu fd;k x;kA nsoh us çfof"V;ksa osQ lUnHkZ esa rS;kjh vkSj fopkj&foe'kZ osQ fy, dk;Z'kkykvksa dh ;kstuk dk fooj.k fn;kA vjch vkSj IkQkjlh ls lEcfUèkr çfof"V;ksa dh rS;kjh ij Hkh ppkZ gqbZA fcgkj dh Hkk"kkvksa ij dk;Z'kkyk

eSa ekpZ 2012 esa iVuk fo'ofo|ky; esa fcgkj dh Hkk"kkvksa ij dk;Z'kkyk esa 'kkfey gqvkA dk;Z'kkyk esa yxHkx 30 çfrHkkxh 'kkfey gq,A jke'kadj vk;Z blosQ leUo;d FksA x.ks'k nsoh us ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ mís';ksa dks lkeus j[kk rFkk eSaus ço`f"V;ksa osQ çk:i dks çfrHkkfx;ksa osQ lkeus j[kkA fcgkj dh Hkk"kk,¡ fpfUgr dh xb± rFkk ml [k.M esa tks yksx çfof"V;ka fy[ksaxs mu fo}kuksa dh ,d lwph cukbZ xbZA iwoksZÙkj dh Hkk"kkvksa ij dk;Z'kkyk

es?kky;] v#.kkpy çns'k] ukxkyS.M] flfDde] ef.kiqj rFkk f=kiqjk tSls iwoksZÙkj osQ jkT;ksa dh Hkk"kkvksa ij ,d dk;Z'kkyk] iwoksZÙkj ioZrh; fo'ofo|ky;] f'kykax esa vçSy 2012 esa vk;ksftr dh xbZA dk;Z'kkyk esa yxHkx pkyhl yksxksa us Hkkx fy;kA bZLFkj L;ke (Esther Syiem) bldh LFkkuh; leUo;d FkhaA iwokZsÙkj osQ çns'kksa dh Hkk"kkvksa ls lEcfUèkr çfof"V;ksa dh çxfr dh leh{kk dh xbZA f=kiqjk] ef.kiqj rFkk flfDde dh Hkk"kkvksa dh ubZ çfof"V;ka rS;kj dh xb± vkSj mu ij ppkZ gqbZA

Hindi Book.indd 50

7/13/2017 12:11:25 PM

Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k çfØ;k • 51 tEew&d'ehj] iatkc rFkk gfj;k.kk dh Hkk"kkvksa ij [k.M

tSlk fd igys Hkh dgk x;k fd iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk dh Hkk"kkvksa ij çfof"V;ksa dh rS;kjh osQ fy, nks fnolh; dk;Z'kkyk iatkch fo'ofo|ky;] ifV;kyk esa twu 2010 esa gqbZ fdUrq gesa çfrHkkfx;ksa ls çfof"V;ka ugha feyhaA bu jkT;ksa dh çfof"V;ksa osQ lEiknu dh ftEesnkjh feyus osQ ckn eSaus iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk osQ oqQN fo}kuksa ls bu çfof"V;ksa dks rS;kj djus dk vuqjksèk fd;kA eq>s] iatkch esa fy[kh eka>h vkSj ekyoh ij çfof"V;ka feyha tks iatkch dh nks {ks=kh; Hkk"kk,¡ gSaA blh chp vk;kstdksa us fu.kZ; fd;k fd vuqlwfpr (eq[;) Hkk"kkvksa ls lEcfUèkr foLr`r çfof"V;ka FkksM+s fHkUu çk:i esa fy[kh tk,a vkSj muesa lkfgR;] vuqokn] Hkkf"kd dk;ks± ls lEcfUèkr vfrfjDr lwpuk,a nh tk,aA eSaus iatkch ij iwjh çfof"V fy[kus osQ fy, lq[kfoanj flag (Sukhwinder Singh) ls dgk vkSj ;g Hkh dgk fd eka>h vkSj ekyoh dh y?kq çfof"V;ksa dk mi;ksx djosQ os ,slk dj ysaA os rS;kj rks gks x, fdUrq le; ls dke iwjk ugha dj losQA ckn esa eSaus vkj-osQ- HkV~V rFkk fguk uUnjktksx (Hina Nandrajog) ls bl çfof"V osQ fy, dke djus dks dgk vkSj mUgksaus mlosQ oqQN Hkkx rS;kj fd,A HkV~V us lkfgR;] vuqokn rFkk xq#eq[kh fyfi ls lEcfUèkr fgLls fy[ks tcfd uUnjktksx us iatkch ls vaxzsth esa vuqokn osQ oqQN fgLlksa ij vkèkkfjr dk;Z fd;kA esjs vkxzg ij oqQ#{ks=k fo'ofo|ky; dh eèkq ckyk (Madhu Bala) us gfj;k.koh ij çfof"V rS;kj dhA mUgksaus jktukFk HkV~V (Rajnath Bhat) osQ lkFk feydj gfj;k.kk esa fgUnh Hkk"kk vkSj lkfgR; dh fLFkfr ij ,d vkSj çfof"V rS;kj dhA geus gfj;k.kk dh vU; mu y?kq Hkk"kkvksa ij çfof"V;ka rS;kj djus osQ fy, ,d fnolh; dk;Z'kkyk vk;ksftr dh] tks eq[;r% jktLFkku esa cksyh tkrh gS fdUrq vius ç;klksa osQ ckotwn ge fdlh vkSj çfof"V dks iwjk ugha djok losQA tEew&d'ehj dh Hkk"kkvksa ij osQfUær [k.M osQ fy, eSaus rk'kh dksupkd (Tashi Konchok) ls vuqjksèk fd;k fd yík[kh vkSj uhyksiQj okuh (Neelofar Wani) ls iksxqyh ij çfof"V fy[kus dk vuqjksèk fd;k tk, vkSj geus nksuksa gh ls çfof"V;ka çkIr dj yhaA bl [k.M osQ fy, çfof"V;ka çkIr djus osQ ckn eSaus mUgsa ns[kk vkSj oqQN la'kksèku fd;k rFkk ys[kdksa ls dgk fd oqQN la'kksèku djsa vkSj oqQN vU; ckrsa tksM+ nsaA vHkh rd eq>s ys[kdksa ls dksbZ la'kksfèkr ikB ugha feyk gSA geyksx ,d eghus esa Hkk"kk&lEiknd osQ ikl bl [k.M dks Hkkf"kd lEiknu osQ fy, Hkst nsaxs mlosQ ckn çdk'kd osQ ikl çdk'ku osQ fy, tk,xkA oqQN dk;Z vHkh 'ks"k gS tSls gesa vHkh [k.M dh çLrkouk fy[kuh gS rFkk çR;sd çfof"V osQ fy, ekufp=k rS;kj djus gSaA oqQy feykdj ;|fi] ;g ,d pqukSrhiw.kZ dk;Z Fkk fd rhu jkT;ksa dh Hkk"kkvksa ij fuèkkZfjr le; esa ,d [k.M rS;kj djsa] fdUrq eSa dg ldrk gwa fd geus vfèkdka'k dk;Z lUrks"ktud s yxk fd ;g dfBu gks tk,xk fiQj Hkh lhvkbZ,y osQ vius vuqHko osQ vkèkkj ij eSaus le> fy;k fd D;k djuk gS vkSj tYnh gh fofHkUu Hkk"kk leqnk;ksa osQ ;qok 'kksèk Nk=kksa dks eSaus tksM+ fy;kA ef.kiqj eas Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k djkus dh vko';drk eq[; :i ls blfy, gS D;ksafd blosQ vusd Hkk"kk leqnk;ksa esa vfLerk dk ßkl] ladVxzLr Hkk"kkvksa osQ foyqIr gksus ls igys laj{k.k dh rRdky vko';drk rFkk fo'o esa bl jkT; osQ Hkk"kk leqnk;ksa dh vYi ifjfpr Hkk"kkvksa osQ fo"k; esa tkudkjh feysxhA jkT; osQ yksx viuh vfLerk osQ ckjs esa cgqr ltx gSa vkSj os rks ;g crkrs Hkh gSa fd D;ksa bl jkT; esa brus Hkk"kk&Hkk"kh leqnk; gSaA jkT; esa vHkh 30 Hkk"kk,¡ gSaA ge vuqeku yxk ldrs gSa fd fudV Hkfo"; esa bu Hkk"kkvksa dh la[;k 50 ls vfèkd gksus okyh gSA ;g vklikl dh fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, dgk tk ldrk gSA lekt esa O;kid Hkwfedk fuHkkus okyh lkekftd ,oa Hkkf"kd vfLerk,a bl voèkkj.kk ij vkèkkfjr gSa] ^^vki fHkUu gSa vkSj eSa fHkUu gwaA** nwljs 'kCnksa esa] gekjh vfLerk,a tqM+ko dh vis{kk fHkUurk ij vkèkkfjr gSaA ;gh ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- ef.kiqj osQ fofHkUu Hkk"kk leqnk;ksa dh fof'k"V igpku dks js[kkafdr djus esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrk gSA esjs lHkh fe=kksa us cgqr lgk;rk dh] oqQN us de vkSj oqQN us T;knkA blosQ fy,] cl bruk gh djuk Fkk

Hindi Book.indd 52

7/13/2017 12:11:25 PM

Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k çfØ;k • 53

fd ge mUgsa bl ifj;kstuk dh egÙkk dk vkHkkl djk losaQ vkSj mUgsa vius leqnk;ksa osQ fy, dk;Z djus osQ fy, çsfjr djsaA esjs lkFk cgqr ls fe=kksa us ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dh ifj;kstuk osQ lkFk tqM+us esa enn dhA os lc fo'ofo|ky; osQ 'kksèk Nk=k FksA muesa ls oqQN vPNs vkSj oqQN vkSlr fdLe osQ yksx Fks fdUrq eSa fiQj Hkh dgwaxk fd os bl pqukSrh dks Lohdkj djus esa ckSf¼d :i ls l{ke FksA mu lHkh dk vius leqnk; fo'ks"k osQ fo"k; esa vPNk Kku gSA buesa ls oqQN lg;ksfx;ksa osQ fy, ml fo"k; ij fy[kuk ftlls dksbZ ljksdkj ugha Fkk] fdlh pqukSrh ls de ugha Fkk] tcfd nwljs yksxksa osQ fy, viuh Hkk"kk esa fy[kuk T;knk pqukSrhiw.kZ FkkA blosQ vfrfjDr] bl losZ{k.k osQ fy, vko';d Fkk mudh Hkk"kk dk Hkkf"kd igyw vkSj ;gh muosQ fy, lcls T;knk dfBu FkkA cgqr ls lg;ksfx;ksa dks tktZ fxz;lZu osQ Hkkjr osQ Hkk"kk;h losZ{k.k dh tkudkjh FkhA blfy, tc mUgsa ih-,y-,lvkbZ- osQ dk;ks± osQ ckjs esa crkuk iM+k rks ;g cgqr dfBu ugha FkkA blosQ vykok] os ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ dk;ks± osQ egÙo dks le>rs Fks vkSj tkurs Fks fd ;g muosQ vius Hkkf"kd leqnk;ksa osQ fy, mi;ksxh gksxkA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- gekjs jkT; esa iwoksZÙkj dh leUo;d bZLFkj L;ke osQ lkFk lhèkk lEokn djus dh çfØ;k ls 'kq: gqvk vkSj ckn esa ;g O;kid gks x;k tc iwoksZÙkj osQ jkT;ksa osQ fy, nsoh us igyh dk;Z'kkyk f'kykax esa 2011 osQ vkjEHk esa vk;ksftr dhA ogha iwoksZÙkj osQ çfrfufèk;ksa osQ lkFk ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ dk;ks± dk çk:i rS;kj fd;k x;kA vc rd eq>s fdlh Hkh laLFkk ls dksbZ lg;ksx ugha feyk gSA ;g dk;Z ef.kiqj osQ fuoklh rFkk fe=kksa dh 'kqHkdkeukvksa vkSj leFkZu rFkk ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ vè;{k rFkk iwoksZÙkj dh leUo;d osQ fn'kk&funsZ'kksa osQ vuq:i py jgk gSA eq>s iwjk fo'okl gS fd bu lkjh lgk;rkvksa ls ;g dk;Z liQyrkiwoZd iwjk gks tk,xkA bl losZ{k.k ls cgqr ykHk gksus dh lEHkkouk gSA igyh ckr] rks ;g fd ns'k dh fofoèkrk dk fooj.k lkeus vk,xk vkSj iqLrd Ükà[kyk osQ :i esa og çdkf'kr gks tk,xk] tks fd ,d cM+h miyfCèk gksxhA nwljh ckr] ;g gS fd ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ ç;klksa ls fdlh dks dksbZ {kfr ugha gksus tk jgh gSA Hkkjr ljdkj rFkk jkT; ljdkj nksuksa osQ fy, ;g ,d vfHkys[k gksxk ftldk laj{k.k os dj ldrh gSaA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ vk;kstdksa] jk"Vªh; lEiknu lewg] lg;ksfx;ksa] lHkh osQ ukeksa dk mYys[k blesa fd;k tk,xkA Hkk"kk leqnk;ksa osQ uke] mudh mRifÙk] feFkd] bfrgkl] yksd dFkk,a lkFk gh] yksd xhr] 'kCnkoyh vkSj jhfr fjokt rFkk ikjaifjd fu;e vkSj çFkkvksa dk Hkh blesa mYys[k fd;k tk,xkA vkf[kjh ckr] ;g fd esjh n`f"V esa 'kksèkkFkhZ blls lokZfèkd ykHkkfUor gksaxsA tks lwpuk,a bu [k.Mksa esa nh tk,xh mudk nh?kZdkfyd egÙo gksxkA orZeku ihs blls tqM+h leL;kvksa &okLrfod vkSj dkYifud nksuksa& dk lkeuk fdl :i esa djuk iM+sxk] bldks ysdj vk'kadk FkhA Hkk"kk foKku esjk fo"k; ugha Fkk blfy, eSaus eglwl fd;k fd pwafd eSa blls

Hindi Book.indd 53

7/13/2017 12:11:25 PM

54


vifjfpr gaw blfy, eSa blesa v{ke gwaA tSls&rSls ,d Vhe cuk;h Fkh D;ksafd eSaus ,d çfrc¼rk fn[kkbZ Fkh tks esjh O;fDrxr ilUn ls fHkUu FkhA mlosQ ckn iwjh Vhe osQ yksxksa osQ lkFk feydj dke 'kq: dj fn;kA esjk lkSHkkX; Fkk fd eq>s ,slh Vhe feyh tks ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dh Hkkjr dh fofoèk Hkkf"kd leqnk;ksa dh voèkkj.kk osQ çfr çfrc¼ FkhA lkfgfR;d i`"BHkwfe ls tqM+h gksus osQ dkj.k lEHkor% eq>esa Hkk"kkvksa osQ ckjs esa nLrkosthdj.k ls tqM+s eqíksa osQ çfr oqQN laosnu'khyrk FkhA vFkok 'kk;n blfy, fd esjk lEioZQ f'kykax 'kgj osQ Hkhrj vkSj ckgj oqQN ?kjsyw ukSdjksa] [ksrksa osQ etnwjksa] jsgM+h okyksa vkSj iQwy cspus okyksa ls gksus osQ dkj.k ,slk gqvk ftUgksaus viuh Hkk"kk fdrsu'kukx dk O;kikj djus ls euk dj fn;k] tc eSaus muls viuh Hkk"kk [kklh esa ckr dhA fiQj Hkh ftruh cksfy;ksa dh eSaus ckr lquh mruh eq>s ;g le>us esa vklkuh gks xbZA esjh Hkk"kk dkiQh le`¼ gSA blosQ vykok] eSa yksxksa dh Hkkoukvksa dks le>us dh dksf'k'k rc ls dj jgh Fkh tc eSaus LowQy esa igyh ckj ;g eglwl fd;k fd eSa ,d ,sls leqnk; ls gwa ftldk fdlh vU; leqnk; ls dksbZ rknkRE; ugha gks ldrkA esjk leqnk; ekr` lÙkkRed çÑfr dk gSA ç'u ;g gS fd D;k ;g dksbZ le`f¼ gS vFkok ,d mÙkjnkf;Ùo] bl loky dk vHkh rd esjs ikl dksbZ lgh mÙkj ugha gSA fdUrq eq>s vPNh rjg ls ;kn gS fd LowQy esa esjs tSls oqQN gh yksx Fks tks viuh eka dk uke fy[krs FksA 'kk;n geyksxksa dks ml oxZ esa T;knk ns'kt ekuk tkrk FkkA dkUosaV LowQy esa gekjs lkFk tks vyx O;ogkj fd;k tkrk Fkk mlls geyksxksa esa T;knk tkx#drk vkus yxhA Hkkf"kd lEokn esa T;knk ltx gksdj vka[k&dku yxk, jgus yxs] [kkldj] tc viuh nknh osQ [ksr esa eSa tkrh Fkh ;k os esjs ;gka vkrh FkhaA blosQ vykok] esjs firk dh lksgjk osQ ckjs esa dgkfu;ksa rFkk tehu ls mudk tqM+ko vkSj muosQ bnZfxnZ ?kwerh dgkfu;ksa vkSj mlls tqM+h gj pht esjh ;kn esa lekbZ gSA le; chrus osQ lkFk&lkFk T;knk ckSf¼d ftKklk cs eglwl gqvk fd ;g muesa ls vfèkdka'k osQ fy, ,d lius dk lkdkj gksuk Fkk tks ljdkjh ,tsafl;ksa us ckj&ckj fn[kk, Fks vkSj rksM+ fn, FksA Vhe osQ oqQN lnL;ksa us 'kq: esa vfo'okl trk;k Fkk fdUrq tc cM+kSnk esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; Hkk"kk lEesyu gqvk rks os ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ ljksdkjksa ij Hkjkslk trkus yxsA mlosQ ckn ls rks çfrc¼ dk;ZdrkZ fey x,A Hkkjr dh Hkk"kkvksa osQ ckjs esa nLrkosthdj.k dh ckr rks NksM+ nhft, es?kky; dh Hkk"kkvksa osQ nLrkosthdj.k osQ vusd ç;kl vrhr esa gq, fdUrq os lc fooknksa esa my> x, vkSj dHkh Hkh tehuh gdhdr ugha cu ik,A

Hindi Book.indd 54

7/13/2017 12:11:25 PM


;g dguk vuqfpr ugha gksxk fd ;g ^Hkk"kk laLFkku* dk peRdkj gh gS fd fofHkUu çns'kksa dh Hkk"kkvksa osQ lUnHkZ esa og dk;Z gks x;k ftls vlEHko le>k tkrk FkkA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dh uSfrdrk us gesa ;g fl[kk;k gS fd ge owQVuhfrd n`f"V ls lkspsa] fujFkZd fooknksa esa u iM+saA bldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd es?kky; Vhe dks fofHkUu Hkk"kk leqnk;ksa ls tqM+us dk volj fey x;k tks viuh lekurkvksa] fo"kerkvksa osQ ckotwn lkaLÑfrd :i ls lqlaxfr osQ lkFk ns[kh xbZA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- yksxksa dks viuh Hkk"kkvksa vkSj mldh fofoèkrkvksa dh le`f¼ osQ çfr lEosnu'khy ugha cuk,xk vfirq Lo;a Hkk"kk dh thoUrrk] mldh çk.kok;q rFkk mldks thfor j[kus okys lÙo osQ çfr Hkh lEosnu'khy cuk,xkA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ es?kky; [k.M osQ yksdkiZ.k osQ lkFk gh ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd çns'k dh Hkk"kkvksa dk çHkko u osQoy eqfær :i esa cuk jgsxk vfirq yksx ;g Hkh le>saxs fd Hkk"kk,¡ mudk foLrkj djrh gSa blfy, os ltho] xR;kRed b;Ùkk gSa ftuosQ fodkl dh rc rd vko';drk jgsxh tc rd fd ;g fo'o gSA ;g blfy, gksxk D;ksafd ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ bl [k.M dk çdk'ku dksbZ vdknfed dk;Z O;kikj ugha gS ftldk lacksè; ,d vYila[;d leqnk; gS vfirq tSlk fd th-,u- nsoh us ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dh lHkh cSBdksa esa dgk gS fd lokZfèkd yksdrkaf=kd rjhosQ ls dk;Z dks vatke fn;k tk jgk gSA bl nLrkosthdj.k esa tehuh Lrj dh Hkk"kkvksa dks tksM+k x;k gSA blfy, eSa dg ldrh gwa fd es?kky; dk losZ{k.k turk dk tqM+ko gh çfrfcfEcr djrk gS vkSj eq>s fo'okl gS fd vU; çns'kksa esa Hkh ,slh gh fLFkfr gksxhA geus gj Lrj ij yksxksa dks tksM+k gS] ys[kd] f'k{kk txr ls tqM+s yksx] x`gf.k;ka] deZpkjh] fdlku] LowQy osQ vè;kid vkfnA ge pkgrs gSa fd tks okLro esa cksyk tkrk gS ogh es?kky; dh Hkkf"kd psruk dh lgt 'kCnkoyh vkSj vfHkO;fDr;ksa osQ }kjk nLrkost esa lkeus vk,] tks ;gka dh Hkkf"kd vkSj lkaLÑfrd fojklr dks iw.kZ :i ls vfHkO;Dr djsA es?kky; esa [kklh vkSj xkjks Hkk"kkvksa dh fyf[kr fyfi;ka 1800 osQ eè; o"kks± esa feyhaA ;gka ge ns[krs gSa fd fyf[kr Hkk"kk osQ ekudhdj.k dh çfØ;k vHkh Hkh py jgh gSA es?kky; ls tqM+k ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dk;Z mDr vè;k; esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lgk;rk çnku djsxkA LowQy rFkk dkWyst osQ Hkk"kk lEcUèkh ikB~;Øe esa ih-,y-,lvkbZ- dk ;g [k.M ikB~;Øe osQ ifjo¼Zu vkSj la'kksèku esa lgk;d gksxkA blosQ vfrfjDr] gesa ;g è;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- [k.M çR;sd O;fDr osQ fy, miyCèk jgsxk vkSj gj O;fDr viuh Hkk"kk osQ laj{k.k dk lgHkkxh gksA D;ksafd ;g [k.M rduhdh rkSj ij nLrkosthdj.k ugha gS blfy, ;g çns'k esa cksyh tkus okyh Hkk"kkvksa osQ fo"k; esa lgt vkSj KkuoèkZd tkudkjh çnku djsxkA blesa Hkkf"kd rÙoksa dks Hkh lekfgr fd;k x;k gS ftlls og Hkfo"; dh pqukSfr;ksa dks Hkh lqy>k losQA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ bl [k.M osQ lkFk ge cgqr cM+h miyfCèk gkfly dj jgs gSaA ;|fi] ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ es?kky; osQ fy, tqM+s lHkh yksx viuh Hkk"kkvksa osQ ljksdkjksa osQ çfr çfrc¼ gSa fdUrq eq>s ;g cgqr cM+k mÙkjnkf;Ro yxrk gSA yksxksa dk ljksdkj mudh viuh Hkk"kkvksa osQ çfr gh ugha vfirq vius {ks=kksa ls vkxs tkdj vU; Hkk"kkvksa osQ ckjs esa Hkh nLrkosthdj.k dh ftEesnkjh lEHkkyuk gSA tks Hkk"kk,¡ muosQ iM+ksl esa Hkh cksyh tkrh gSa] xkaoksa rFkk vU; {ks=kksa esa cksyh tkrh gaSA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- us ,d lsrq dk dk;Z fd;k gS ftlus lkeqnkf;d Hkkouk vkSj lk>k vuqHko dk l`tu fd;k gSA es?kky; ls tqM+s ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ vius vuqHko osQ vkèkkj ij eSa dg ldrh gwa fd dbZ dfBukb;ka Fkha fdUrq ,slh dksbZ dfBukbZ ugha Fkh ftldk lekèkku u us dk ekSdk feysxkA

ukxkyS.M eSa Mh- dkSyh (D. Kuolie) gwaA eSaus 1978 esa iwoksZÙkj ioZrh; fo'ofo|ky; ls lEc¼ dksfgek dkWyst] dksfgek ls Lukrd fd;k vkSj ukWFkZ&bZLVuZ fgy ;wuhoflZVh (usgw) ls 1985 esa vaxzsth lkfgR; esa ,e-,- fd;kA Hkk"kk foKku esa #fp gksus osQ dkj.k eSaus Msdu dkWyst] ih-th-vkj-vkbZ- iq.ks fo'ofo|ky; ls ,e-,- (Hkk"kk foKku) 1989 esa fd;kA 1996 esa mlh laLFkk ls ih,p- Mh- Hkk"kk foKku esa ços'k fy;k vkSj 2004 esa bldh mikfèk feyhA Msdu dkWyst iq.ks esa vè;;u osQ nkSjku eSaus lh[kk fd euq"; dh l`tukRed {kerk dh vfHkO;fDr loksZÙke :i esa ekr`Hkk"kk osQ ekè;e ls gksrh gS D;ksafd ;g gekjh lksp dh Hkk"kk gksrh gSA blfy, eSaus eu cuk;k vkSj viuh ekr`Hkk"kk rsuhnh esa fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij ys[k fy[kuk 'kq: fd;k ftlls gekjs lekt esa ekr`Hkk"kk osQ ekè;e ls KkuktZu dh vko';drk osQ çfr tkx#drk ck tk ldrk gSA bldk mi;ksx f'k{kk osQ ekè;e osQ :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gS ftlosQ }kjk xq.kkRed f'k{kk çnku dh tk losQA esjs fnekx esa ;g lkèkkj.k lk fopkj Fkk ftlosQ dkj.k eSa rsuhnh dh ekfld lkaLÑfrd if=kdk ^mjknts* esa dfork,a yxkrkj Hkstus yxkA tuojh 1994 ls eSa bl if=kdk osQ lEiknd dk dk;Z ns[k jgk gwaA eq>s irk pyk fd ljdkj Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk losZ{k.k djk jgh gSA ;g tkudkjh gesa rc feyh tc usgw] f'kykax esa 2008 esa lh-vkbZ-vkbZ-,y- eSlwj us ukWFkZ&bZLV foaVj LowQy vkWiQ fyafXofLVDl dk vk;kstu fd;k fdUrq mlosQ

Hindi Book.indd 56

7/13/2017 12:11:25 PM


ckn oqQN lwpuk ugha feyhA fiQj Hkk"kk fjlpZ ,.M ifCyosQ'ku ls.Vj us Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k dk dk;Z 'kq: dj fn;kA eSaus 1&2 fnlEcj 2011 dks vk;ksftr ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dh dk;Z'kkyk esa Hkkx fy;k vkSj bl Vhe ls tqM+ x;kA blosQ vykok] eSaus 7&8 tuojh 2012 dks cM+kSnk esa ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ lEesyu esa Hkkx fy;kA vius ih,pMh osQ 'kksèk dk;Z osQ nkSjku dbZ o"kks± rd eSaus th-,- fxz;lZu osQ Hkkjr dk Hkk"kkbZ losZ{k.k [k.M&III] Hkkx&II (1908) dk vè;;u fd;kA bl [k.M esa oqQNsd ukxk Hkk"kkvksa dk gh fooj.k fn;k x;k gS ftlesa ;g crk;k x;k gS fd orZeku ukxkyS.M dk vfèkdka'k fgLlk ml le; vkSifuosf'kd 'kklu osQ vèkhu ugha FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj dh bPNk rFkk rRdkyhu f'kf{kr ukxk usrkvksa osQ l'kDr çHkko osQ dkj.k gh orZeku ekWu] ykaxysax] [ksulksx rFkk fdiQhjs dk iwoksZÙkj ftyk ukxkyS.M jkT; rFkk Hkkjr osQ vèkhu vk ldkA Hkkjr dk lafoèkku lHkh tkrh; leqnk;ksa dks viuh Hkk"kkvksa vkSj lkfgR; dk fodkl djus rFkk leku volj çnku djrk gS ftlls fd mudh vfLerk dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA eSa bl ckr osQ fy, çfrc¼ Fkk fd lqfuf'pr dj lowQa fd ukxkyS.M osQ lHkh Hkkf"kd lewgksa dks Hkh ;g volj fey losQA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ ukxkyS.M [k.M osQ lEiknd osQ :i esa esjk ;g ç;kl jgk gS fd eSa vius jkT; osQ yksxksa osQ çfr viuh çfrc¼rk dks iwjk dj lowQaA esjh le> ls ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dh ifj;kstuk osQ lg;ksxh osQ :Ik esa lHkh Hkkf"kd lewgksa osQ yksxksa dh layXurk jk"Vªh; egÙo osQ bl dk;Z esa yksxksa dh lgHkkfxrk dh Hkkouk dks vfHkO;fDr nsxkA xSj lwphc¼ Hkk"kkvksa dh igpku rFkk mudk ekU;rk çkIr Hkk"kkvksa osQ lkFk laca/ fpehu djuk ,d egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA fofHkUu Hkk"kk leqnk;ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh osQ }kjk bu Hkk"kkvksa vkSj muosQ lkfgR; dk fodkl djuk mruk gh egÙoiw.kZ dk;Z gSA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- esa lg;ksfx;ksa dh ckSf¼d Hkkxhnkjh rFkk #fp bl dk;Z esa 'kq: ls vkf[kj rd cuh jghA eSa fo|ky;h f'k{kk foHkkx osQ vfèkdkfj;ksa fo'ks"kr% Hkk"kk vfèkdkfj;ksa vkSj fofHkUu leqnk;ksa osQ Hkk"kk lgk;dksa dk vkHkkjh gwaA vkHkkjh gwa foHkkxkè;{kksa dk ftUgksaus ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dh ifj;kstuk osQ egÙo dks le>k rFkk lqfuf'pr fd;k fd eq>s gj lEHko lgk;rk miyCèk djkbZ tk,A ;g losZ{k.k jkT; osQ leqnk;ksa dh Hkkf"kd vfLerk dh igpku vkSj laj{k.k dks lqfuf'pr djus dk ,d ç;kl le>k x;kA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ dk;Z dh 'kq#vkr rc ls gqbZ tc tuojh 2012 esa cM+kSnk esa oSf'od Hkk"kk lEesyu gqvkA blosQ fy, vko';d çk:i@ç'ukoyh rS;kj dh xbZ ftlesa 800 'kCnksa esa Hkk"kk dk bfrgkl] O;kdjf.kd dksfV;ka] okD; osQ çdkj rFkk vU; fooj.k Fks tks 1&2 fnlEcj 2011 esa gqbZ igyh dk;Z'kkyk dh dk;Zokgh esa LohÑr gqvk FkkA bls rS;kj fd;k x;k rFkk 25 ebZ 2012 dks gqbZ ,d fnolh; dk;Z'kkyk esa lHkh lg;ksfx;ksa dks forfjr fd;k x;k FkkA mlosQ ckn ç'ukoyh nks lIrkg ckn bdêòh dh xbZA rsuhnh milewg esa lkr ekU;rk çkIr Hkk"kkvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS] blls lEcfUèkr dk;Z gks x;k gS rFkk 'ks"k dk;Z çxfr ij gSA Hkkf"kd losZ{k.k dk;Z dh vUroZLrq iwoZr% lajpukRed Lrj ij gksrh gS ftlesa Lofue (Loj foKku) :i foKku rFkk okD; jpuk 'kkfey gSA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ ;ksxnku dks u osQoy jk"Vªh; Lrj ij egÙo feysxk vfirq vUrjkZ"Vªh; igpku Hkh feysxhA fu'p; gh ;g jk"Vª osQ fy, ,d lEink gksxhA th-,- fxz;lZu osQ }kjk fd;k x;k Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk losZ{k.k ,d lkS lky ls T;knk iqjkuk gks x;k gSA tgka rd ukxkyS.M dk loky gS blesa tks vkadM+s lax`ghr gSa] os vèkwjs gSa& ;g ckr igys Hkh dgh xbZ gSA ;gh ugha] ;g Hkh irk pyk fd çR;sd xkao ;k oqQy dks LorU=k lewg esa lwphc¼ fd;k x;k gSA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- us Hkh bu vkadM+ksa dh leh{kk dh gS vkSj mlesa fofHkUu fo"k;ksa dh 'kksèk lkexzh dh lgk;rk yh xbZ gSA ukxkyS.M dh Hkk"kkvksa osQ ckjs esa ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ fooj.k ls fu'p; gh fo}kuksa osQ fy, lUnHkZ lkexzh

Hindi Book.indd 57

7/13/2017 12:11:25 PM

58


osQ fo'oluh; lzksr osQ lkFk gh lekt osQ lHkh oxks± dks fo'oluh; lwpuk,a feysaxhA ;|fi] losZ{k.k esa jkT; dh lHkh ukxk Hkk"kkvksa osQ lUnHkZ esa fo'ks"k tkudkjh ugha nh tk jgh gS] fiQj Hkh bl [k.M esa lax`ghr vkadM+s Hkfo"; esa Hkk"kk lEcUèkh fooj.kkRed vè;;u osQ fy, mi;ksxh gksaxsA vkt rd ukxkyS.M esa oqQNsd Hkkf"kd vkSj 'kksèk ifj;kstuk,a lkeus vkbZ gSa vkSj fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa osQ fo"k; esa i;kZIr fooj.k osQ vHkko rFkk çf'kf{kr lg;ksfx;ksa osQ vHkko osQ dkj.k bl [k.M esa rsuhnh ij vkèkkfjr fo'ks"k vè;k; osQ vfrfjDr osQoy lkekU; lwpuk,a nh xbZ gSaA fiQj Hkh bl nLrkost ls mEehn gS fd og ;qok ihs okD; jpuk ij jkWcVZ ch- yht osQ O;k[;ku lquus dk volj feyk tks esjs fy, fof'k"V vuqHko FkkA ;|fi] ;g cgqr de le; osQ fy, FkkA blosQ vfrfjDr] eq>s Hkk"kk foKku osQ vU; fof'k"V fo}kuksa osQ O;k[;ku lquus dk volj feykA fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; esa ih,p- Mh- osQ fy, 'kksèk çcaèk tek djus osQ igys eq>s ls.Vªy bULVhV~;wV vkWiQ bf.M;u ySaXostst] lh-vkbZ-vkbZ-,y-] eSlwj esa dk;Z djus osQ fy, tkuk iM+kA ogka Mh-ih- iV~Vuk;d çeq[k in ij dk;Z dj jgs FksA muosQ yksdrkaf=kd n`f"Vdks.k ls geyksxksa dks vuqçk;ksfxd Hkk"kk foKku vkSj lekt Hkk"kk foKku osQ fo"k; esa cM+k çksRlkgu feyk rFkk mUgksaus ,d ihs ;wthlh ;kstuk osQ vUrxZr foftfVax iSQyks osQ :i esa dk;Z djus osQ fy, vkeaf=kr fd;k vkSj eSa pkWeLdh ij viuk eksuksxzkiQ rfey esa çdkf'kr djkus osQ fy, lger gks x;kA x.ks'k nsoh osQ usr`Ùo esa Hkk"kk fjlpZ ,.M ifCysd'ku ls.Vj dh ifj;kstuk ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ lkFk eq>s tksM+us esa jkeÑ".k jsM~Mh vkSj iapkuu eksgUrh (Ramakrishna Reddy and Panchanan Mohanty) dh egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk jgh gSA gSnjkckn fo'ofo|ky; esa ls.Vj iQkWj ,MokaLM fyafXofLVd ,.M VªkaLys'ku LVMht osQ }kjk la;qDr :i ls ,d dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k ftlesa KkulqUnje rFkk eq>s vkeaf=kr fd;k x;kA Hkk"kk oSKkfud rFkk Hkk"kk osQ ;kstukdkj bl ckr ls lger gq, fd Hkkjr dk ,d Hkk"kk losZ{k.k djkuk vko';d Fkk vkSj ;g nqHkkZX;iw.kZ Fkk fd lh-vkbZ-vkbZ-,y- dh igyh igy vliQy gks xbZA geyksx mRlqd Fks bl ckr osQ fy, fd dksbZ bl ç;kl dks lkFkZd :i ls liQy cuk, vkSj x.ks'k nsoh osQ :i esa gesa ,d ,slk vxz.kh fey x;k tks

Hindi Book.indd 59

7/13/2017 12:11:25 PM

60


bl dk;Z dks liQyrkiwoZd fØ;kfUor djsxkA geyksx igyh gh cSBd esa ;kstuk osQ çk:i ls vR;ar çHkkfor gq, fd ;kstuk fdruh Li"V :i ls O;ofLFkr gS ftls Vhe vius ftEes ys jgh gSA ftu yksxksa osQ ikl jktuhfrd vkSj ç'kklfud 'kfDr;ka gSa os Hkk"kk dh çÑfr dks vPNh rjg ls le>rs ughaA vke vkneh rFkk ç'kkld nksuksa osQ fy, Hkk"kk og gS tks fyf[kr :i esa ekStwn gSA bl çdkj lkfgR; ,oa i=kdkfjrk esa tks Hkk"kk,¡ ç;qDr gksrh gSa mUgha dks Hkk"kk osQ :i esa ekU;rk çkIr gSA tks Hkk"kk,¡ cksyh tkrh gSa mUgsa fyf[kr Hkk"kkvksa osQ leku ugha ekuk tkrk rFkk muosQ Js"B@ghu vFkok 'kq¼@v'kq¼ gksus dk iSekuk bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd fdl oxZ ls os lEcfUèkr gSa ysfdu u`Hkk"kk ,d lsuk dh gksrh gS ftlesa vkUrfjd foHkktu ,oa mifoHkktu gksrk gSA oqQN Hkk"kkvksa esa fyf[kr vkSj ekSf[kd :iksa esa Hksn Li"V :i ls fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA rfey ,slh gh ,d Hkk"kk gSA blosQ fyf[kr vkSj ekSf[kd :i u osQoy lajpukRed Lrj ij fHkUu gSa vfirq dk;kZUo;u esa Hkh iw.kZr% fHkUu gSaA ^f}Ùo* dh voèkkj.kk egÙoiw.kZ blfy, gS D;ksafd ;g bu nks :iksa esa lajpukRed ,oa dk;kZRed Hksn Li"V :i ls djrh gSA geus tks losZ{k.k rfey eas fd;k mlls rfeyHkk"kk leqnk; esa cksyh tkus okyh rfey dh Hkwfedk osQ lUnHkZ esa rfey Hkkf"k;ksa osQ n`f"Vdks.k esa ifjorZu ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ge ns[k ldrs gSa fd vkèkqfud ltZukRed lkfgR; ,oa ekl ehfM;k esa cksyh tkus okyh rfey dh D;k Hkwfedk gSA tSlk fd KkulqUnje us crk;k fd oqQN vYi Hkk"kkvksa esa vHkh Hkh [kkl nf{k.k ækfofM;u Hkk"kkvksa dh iqjkuh fo'ks"krk,a fn[kkbZ nsrh gSaA bjkoYyk Hkk"kk esa rkyO;hdj.k osQ vHkko osQ dkj.k Hkh ,slk gSA Hkjfr;kj fo'ofo|ky; dh ,d Vhe }kjk fd, x, ,d uohure losZ{k.k esa irk pyk gS fd iqjkuh rfey (tks ey;kye esa fn[kkbZ nsrh gS) dh ,d fo'ks"krk vHkh Hkh eqnqou ,oa dknj esa ekStwn gSA bl çdkj vYiHkk"kh Hkk"kkvksa osQ losZ{k.k oqQN fof'k"V Hkk"kkvksa dh ço`fr;ksa osQ fo"k; esa Hkh tkudkjh nsrs gSaA ;gh ugha] eq>s fo'okl gS fd jkT; esa Hkk"kk osQ ;kstukdkjksa dks Li"V Hkk"kk uhfr cukus esa blls lgk;rk feysxhA mUgsa rfeyukMq esa Hkk"kk dh fLFkfr;ksa dh tkudkjh ls vo'; ifjfpr gksuk pkfg, rHkh rks os vPNh Hkk"kk uhfr cuk losaQxs tks çHkkoh s cksjksd yksxksa osQ vrhr osQ ckjs esa dgkfu;ka vkSj yksd dFkk,a lqukrs FksA os eq>s LowQy NksM+us tkrs Fks vkSj esjs vè;kidksa dks Hkh crk;k djrs Fks fd eq>s lekt dk egÙoiw.kZ vkSj mi;ksxh lnL; cuuk pkfg,A os eq>s f'k{kk dk egÙo Hkh crk;k djrs FksA caxkyh ekè;e ls çkFkfed f'k{kk çkIr djus osQ ckn esjs xkao p.Mh BkoqQjikjk esa dksdcksjksd ekè;e dk dksbZ LowQy ugha Fkk rFkk yxHkx lHkh ljdkjh LowQy esa caxkyh ekè;e ls f'k{kk nh tkrh FkhA rc eq>s vxjryk osQ ls.V ikWy LowQy esa ços'k fnyk;k x;k tks fd vaxzsth ekè;e dk LowQy FkkA 'kq: esa rks f'k{kk dk ekè;e cnyus osQ dkj.k eq>s le>us esa dfBukbZ gksrh Fkh fdUrq tYnh gh eq>s dfBukbZ ls NqVdkjk fey x;kA LowQy f'k{kk iwjk djus osQ ckn eSa f'kykax] es?kky; pyk x;k vkSj ls.V ,aFkuh dkWyst] f'kykax ls bfrgkl esa ch-,- fd;k vkSj fiQj ,e-,] ,e-fiQy] ch-,M rFkk ih,p- Mh- usgw (iwoksZÙkj ioZrh; fo'ofo|ky;) f'kykax ls fd;kA vè;;u osQ nkSjku eq>s vuqlwfpr tutkfr@vuqlwfpr tkfr (lhekorhZ {ks=k) LukrdksÙkj Nk=ko`fÙk rFkk ;w-th-lh- dh twfu;j fjlpZ iSQyksf'kIk (ts-vkj-,iQ-) feyhA ekpZ 1995 esa eSa f=kiqjk fo'ofo|ky; esa bfrgkl dk çoDrk cu x;k vkSj orZeku foHkkx esa ,lksfl,V çksisQlj ,oa vè;{k osQ in ij gwaA bu o"kks± esa vè;kiu ,oa 'kksèk funsZ'ku esa lfØ; :i ls dk;Z dj jgk gwaA vc rd ,d iqLrd rFkk dbZ ys[k jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dh if=kdkvksa rFkk lEikfnr iqLrdksa esa çdkf'kr gSaA eSaus dksdcksjksd Hkk"kk ij dbZ ys[k fy[ks rFkk eSa dksdcksjksd lkfgR; lHkk dk lfØ; dk;ZdrkZ gwa tks Hkk"kk osQ fodkl rFkk laj{k.k esa lfØ; :i ls dk;Z dj jgh gSA eSa LFkkuh; eqíksa dh jk"Vªh; vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij ppkZ djrk gwa rFkk eSaus la;qDr jk"Vª la?k ftusok vkSj U;w;koZQ esa gqbZ cSBdksa esa fgLlk fy;kA eSa ^,DliVZ lsehukj vkWu b.Mhtsu'k ihiqYl ,.M ,twosQ'ku* dh lfefr dk lnL; Fkk tks fd ;wusLdks }kjk 18 ls 20 vDVwcj 2004 dks isfjl esa vk;ksftr dh xbZ FkhA eq>s 2012 esa dkWeuosYFk LVkiQ iSQyksf'ki çnku dh xbZA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ lkFk esjk tqM+ko izksisQlj bZLFkj L;ke osQ dkj.k gqvk tks vaxzsth foHkkx usgw esa gSaA tc mUgksaus eq>s bl losZ{k.k osQ egÙo] fo'ks"kr% iwokZsÙkj Hkkjr osQ fy, bldh mi;ksfxrk ls ifjfpr djkus osQ fy, cqyk;kA mlosQ ckn eq>s losZ{k.k osQ ckjs esa fooj.k nsus okys bZ&esy çkIr gksus yxsA blosQ ckn] eSaus ih,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ lEHkkO; lg;ksfx;ksa dks blosQ ckjs esa crk;kA eSaus ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dh igyh vkSj nwljh {ks=kh; dk;Z'kkykvksa esa Hkkx fy;k tks 1&2 fnlEcj 2011 rFkk 4&5 ebZ 2012 dks cM+kSnk esa vk;ksftr gqbZ FkhaA nwljh {ks=kh; dk;Z'kkyk f=kiqjk osQ lUnHkZ esa N% lg;ksxh 'kkfey gq,A mUgksaus iwjs euks;ksx ls Hkkx ysdj viuh Hkk"kkvksa osQ lEcUèk esa tkudkjh nhA bu lg;ksfx;ksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh osQ fcuk f=kiqjk osQ lEcUèk esa losZ{k.k lEHko ugha gks

Hindi Book.indd 61

7/13/2017 12:11:25 PM

62


ikrkA çR;sd ys[kd@lg;ksxh us viuh Hkk"kk osQ fo"k; esa mRlkg vkSj ;Fkklkè; lkoèkkuh osQ lkFk çfof"V fy[khA f=kiqjk esa mUuhl tutkrh; leqnk; gSaA buesa vfèkdka'k tutkfr;ksa dh Hkk"kk ljdkjh ç'kklu ls misf{kr gS rFkk bu Hkk"kkvksa osQ laj{k.k rFkk çksRlkgu osQ fy, dksbZ igy ugha gqbZ gSA dksdcksjksd Hkk"kk vfèkdka'k tutkfr;ka cksyrh gSa] og çns'k dh jktHkk"kk gSA ;g f=kiqjk tutkrh; {ks=k Lok;Ùk ftyk ifj"kn~ osQ vUrxZr çkFkfed fo|ky;ksa esa f'k{kk dk ekè;e gSA fiQj Hkh fyfi lEcUèkh fookn (caxkyh cuke jkseu) rFkk vuqi;qDr ikB~;Øe ;kstuk bl Hkk"kk osQ fodkl esa ckèkd jgh gSA iwoksZÙkj osQ lkFk vyxko] f=kiqjk osQ fnYyh ls lqnwj fLFkr gksus ls yksx bls rFkk ;gka osQ yksxksa osQ ckjs esa cgqr de tkurs gSaA blfy, eSaus lkspk fd ;g vPNk volj gksxk fd ;fn ge 'ks"k Hkkjr rFkk ckgj osQ yksxksa dks f=kiqjk osQ ckjs esa rFkk bldh Hkk"kkvksa osQ ckjs esa ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ ekè;e ls crk losaQA losZ{k.k osQ nkSjku ;g vko';d Fkk fd lg;ksfx;ksa ls le;≤ ij lEokn djsaA bu lEoknksa osQ ekè;e ls ;g r; fd;k x;k fd çR;sd Hkk"kk osQ fy, lg;ksxh çfof"V ys[kd ml leqnk; osQ ofj"B yksxksa ;k fo'ks"kKksa osQ lkFk lEioZQ djsaxs tks mUgsa viuh Hkk"kkvksa osQ lEcUèk esa tkudkjh miyCèk djk,axsA blosQ fy, lg;ksxh nwj&njkt osQ xkaoksa esa x, tgka leqnk; osQ cqtqxZ ;k fo'ks"kK jgrs Fks vkSj mUgksaus mu yksxksa ls ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ fy, oqQN lwpuk,a ,oa vkadM+s ekaxsA bl çfØ;k esa muls lg;ksfx;ksa us dkiQh ckrphr dh vkSj eq>s crk;k fd ;g lEokn muosQ fy, vR;fèkd jkspd rFkk mi;ksxh vuqHko FkkA bu lHkh yksxksa us ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ dk;ks± dks xaHkhjrk ls le>k rFkk os bldks ysdj vR;fèkd mRlkfgr Fks D;ksafd igyh ckj ,slk i¼frijd rFkk lexz losZ{k.k dk dk;Z gks jgk Fkk vkSj mudh Hkk"kkvksa dk fooj.k çdkf'kr gksus tk jgk FkkA gesa nks vU; Hkk"kkvksa& jkax yksx rFkk pksjsbZ ij Hkh lwpuk,a fey xb±A buosQ lEcUèk esa ys[ku dh çfØ;k tkjh gSA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- losZ{k.k dks vPNh rjg ls iwjk djus osQ fy, vukSipkfjd cSBosaQ rFkk lEokn lg;ksfx;ksa osQ vykok leqnk; osQ ofj"Btuksa vFkok fo'ks"kKksa osQ lkFk py jgs FksA dgus dh vko';drk ugha gksxh fd gekjs çsj.kk Ïksr rFkk ge lc yksxksa dks çsfjr djus okys x.ks'k nsoh gh gSaA tc çR;sd Hkk"kk osQ lUnHkZ esa ys[ku&çfØ;k iwjh gks xbZ rc r; fd;k x;k fd f=kiqjk esa ,d dk;Z'kkyk vk;ksftr dh tk, ftlesa de&ls&de rhu&pkj yksxksa dks çR;sd leqnk; osQ ofj"Bksa vFkok fo'ks"kKksa esa ls cqyk;k tk,A vxjryk] f=kiqjk esa 1 flrEcj 2012 dks dk;Z'kkyk vk;ksftr dh xbZA leqnk;ksa osQ ofj"B tuksa@fo'ks"kKksa dh mifLFkfr esa vkB Hkk"kkvksa osQ lg;ksxh yksxksa us viuh çLrqfr;ka nhaA ;s lHkh f=kiqjk osQ fofHkUu {ks=kksa ls vk, FksA lHkh çfof"V;ksa ij xaHkhjrk ls fopkj&foe'kZ fd;k x;k vkSj leqnk;ksa osQ ofj"Btuksa vFkok fo'ks"kKksa }kjk fn, x, lq>koksa dks xaHkhjrk ls fy[kk x;k ftls vafre :i ls rS;kj fd, tkrs le; çfof"V;ksa esa 'kkfey fd;k tk,A leqnk;ksa osQ ofj"B ukxfjd ;k fo'ks"kK cgqr lg;ksx ns jgs Fks vkSj mUgksaus çfof"V ys[kdksa dks çksRlkfgr fd;kA lHkh lq>ko ldkjkRed Fks vkSj lEcfUèkr Hkk"kkvksa osQ Hkkoh fodkl osQ fy, mi;ksxh FksA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dh f=kiqjk lEcUèkh xfrfofèk osQ fy, gesa fdlh Hkh laLFkk osQ lkFk dh vko';drk ugha iM+h vkSj u gh Hkfo"; esa ge ,slk ysuk pkgsaxsA f=kiqjk osQ Hkhrj Hkh cgqr ls ,sls yksx gSa tks jkT; dh Hkk"kkvksa ls vifjfpr gSa] pkgs ge vkfnoklh Hkk"kkvksa dh ckr djsa ;k xSj vkfnoklh Hkk"kkvksa dhA bl jkT; ls lEcfUèkr [k.M çdkf'kr gksus osQ ckn ml Hkk"kk osQ leqnk; osQ fy, vR;fèkd mi;ksxh gksxk] lkFk gh vdknfed txr vkSj lkekU; ikBdksa osQ fy, Hkh mi;ksxh gksxkA ftu leqnk;ksa osQ yksxksa dh Hkk"kk,¡ bl [k.M esa 'kkfey gSa] os blesa fn, x, fooj.k ls vR;fèkd xkSjokfUor

Hindi Book.indd 62

7/13/2017 12:11:25 PM


vuqHko djsaxsA ,sls çdk'kd Hkh feysaxs tks pkgsaxs fd bldk vuqokn caxkyh esa fd;k tk, D;ksafd mldks ,d O;kid ikBd oxZ fey tk,xkA csgrj gksrk fd dksjckax vkSj lSgej tutkfr;ksa dh Hkk"kkvksa dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k x;k gksrkA ;s nks Hkk"kk,¡ ladVkiUu gSa D;ksafd dksjckax esa bu nksuksa Hkk"kkvksa osQ fliZQ 300&400 yksx cksyus okys gSa vkSj lSgej osQ fliZQ rhu&pkj cksyus okys gSaA ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ vxys pj.k esa bu Hkk"kkvksa dks 'kkfey djus dk ç;kl fd;k tk,xkA ;fn bl [k.M dk caxkyh vkSj fgUnh esa vuqokn fd;k tk, rks T;knk mi;ksxh gksA ;|fi] bl fn'kk esa vHkh rd dksbZ ç;kl ugha fd;k x;k gSA mYys[kuh; gS fd f=kiqjk esa 69 çfr'kr yksx caxkyh Hkk"kh gSA tgka rd fgUnh dk loky gS] vuwfnr gksus ij iwjs ns'k esa bldks yksx irs gSa vkSj mudh viuh Hkk"kkvksa osQ fo"k; esa D;k èkkj.kk gSA bl ckr dks ckj&ckj blfy, js[kkafdr djus dh vko';drk gS D;ksafd ;g ih-,y-,l-vkbZdh fof'k"Vrk] mldh 'kfDr ,oa mldh ifjfèk dks Hkh Li"V djrh gSA ;fn ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- fo'kq¼ :i ls ,d Hkkf"kd losZ{k.k jgk gksrk rks bldks fcYoqQy vyx rjg ls vfHkdfYir fd;k tkrk vkSj bldk Lo:i iw.kZr% vyx rjg ls fu"ikfnr gksrkA pwafd ;g ^yksd losZ{k.k* gS blfy, voèkkj.kk vkSj fu"iknu lekos'kh Hkkxhnkjh rFkk lkewfgd mÙkjnkf;Ro osQ fl¼kUr osQ vuq:i gqvkA bl çdkj dh ifj;kstuk dh oqQN lhek,a gksrh gSa] tgka rd fo}rkiw.kZ dk;Z dk ç'u gSA fiQj Hkh bldks rkdr bldh fo'kkyrk ;k O;kidrk ls ugha feyrh vfirq eq[;r% bl ckr ls feyrh gS fd ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- us gkf'k, dh vkoktksa dks ,d eap fn;k gSA

Hindi Book.indd 68

7/13/2017 12:11:26 PM

Hkk"kkdk LoRo • 69

tc ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dk dk;Z iwjk gksus dks Fkk vkSj fofHkUu [k.Mksa esa çdk'ku osQ fy, lkexzh lEiknd dh MsLd ij vkus yxh rks eSaus ;g eglwl fd;k fd ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ vè;{k osQ :i esa ;g esjh ftEesnkjh gS fd eSa vkeyksxksa dks Li"V d:a fd ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dh fof'k"V çÑfr D;k gS ftlls fd ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dks Hkzked :i ls dksbZ ljdkjh fjiksVZ ;k iw.kZr% ckSf¼d 'kksèk losZ{k.k u le> fy;k tk, D;ksafd bldk mís'; bu nksuksa esa ls ugha gSA ;g vyx ckr gS fd Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa osQ ljdkjh losZ{k.k ;k lexz 'kksèk iw.kZ losZ{k.k osQ vHkko esa ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- oqQN le; rd bl vHkko dh iwfrZ djsA ;|fi] ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ lUnHkZ esa ;gh mfpr gksxk fd mls vius lE;d ifjçs{; esa tSlk gS oSlk le>k tk, u fd tks ugha gS oSlk le>k tk,A tqykbZ&vxLr 2013 esa eSaus ehfM;k ls lEokn djuk 'kq: fd;k vkSj crk;k fd fofHkUu [k.M 5 flrEcj 2013 dks yksdkfiZr gks tk,axsA bldks vPNh izfrfØ;k feyh vkSj Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa rFkk vaxzsth ehfM;k esa bldk O;kid Lrj ij dojst gqvkA cgqr ls vUrjkZ"Vªh; lekpkj i=kksa esa Hkh bldh dojst gqbZ] vusd jk"Vªh; lekpkj&i=kksa us bl igy dk Lokxr fd;k vkSj bl ij LrEHk fy[ks] fofHkUu if=kdkvksa us bl ij fo'ks"k fjiksVZ rS;kj dh vkSj ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- ls tqM+s yksxksa dk lk{kkRdkj çLrqr fd;kA ppkZ osQ nkSjku oqQN lokyksa osQ mÙkj nsus iM+s tSls ^fdruh Hkk"kk,¡ gSa\* rFkk ^D;k os thfor jgsaxh\* fiQj Hkh eq>s yxrk gS fd ehfM;k us Hkk"kk tSls fo"k; ij gekjh vis{kk ls T;knk xaHkhjrk fn[kkbZA ;|fi] ;g tkurs gq, fd ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ yksdkiZ.k osQ volj ij ehfM;k dh mifLFkfr rFkk ifj;kstuk osQ ckjs esa iwNs x, loky vkSj ppkZ tYnh gh [kRe gks tk,xh] esjs fy, ;g vko';d gks tkrk gS fd eSa ehfM;k ls vyx ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- osQ xaHkhj ikBdksa dks Hkk"kk lEcUèkh vius fopkjksa ls ifjfpr djokÅaA esjs fucUèk ^nh chbax vkWiQ Hkk"kk* (nsoh] 2009) osQ fuEufyf[kr [k.Mksa dk ifjp; fn;k tk jgk gS] bl mEehn osQ lkFk fd mlesa Hkys gh Ik;kZIr ppkZ u dh xbZ gks ij ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- (Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k) vkUnksyu dh nk'kZfud ladYiuk dk irk pyrk gSA tc ^vkWiQ eSuh ghjkst* 1997 esa çdkf'kr gqbZ rc eSa Hkkjr dh ekSf[kd lkfgR; dh fn'kk esa xgjkbZ ls fopkj djus yxk FkkA vkfnoklh lkfgR; osQ f}Hkkf"kd çdk'ku dh Ükà[kykc¼ ;kstuk osQ vuqlkj eSa vkfnoklh fo}kuksa ls ik.Mqfyfi;ka ,df=kr djus yxk FkkA blosQ vfrfjDr] eSa if'peh Hkkjr esa cksyh tkus okyh dbZ vkfnoklh Hkk"kkvksa dk ^dkyijd laxzg* çdkf'kr djus dh ;kstuk rS;kj dj jgk FkkA ;s ,slh Hkk"kk,¡ Fkha ftudh dksbZ fyfi ugha FkhA fyfi dk fuèkkZj.k] mu yksxksa ls lkexzh rS;kj djokuk ftUgksaus fyf[kr :i esa mu Hkk"kkvksa dk dHkh ç;ksx ugha fd;k] rFkk tks lkexzh çdkf'kr dh tk,xh mlosQ fy, îkBd oxZ* rS;kj djukA buosQ dk;ks± esa esjh iwjh ekufld ÅtkZ yx xbZA bl çfØ;k esa vusd lkaLÑfrd fofoèkrk,a ns[kh xb±A eSa ,d xkao ls nwljs xkao] ,d vkfnoklh leqnk; ls nwljs vkfnoklh leqnk; rd tkrs&tkrs bl ckr ls iw.kZr% lger gks x;k fd dksbZ Hkh ckSf¼d foe'kZ Hkkjrh; lkfgR; ;k lkfgR; lkSUn;Zcksèk dk rc rd iwjk ugha gksxk tc rd fd og vkfnoklh lkfgfR;d ijEijkvksa dks 'kkfey ugha djsxkA bl ckr ls eq>s ckSf¼d :i ls lq[kn vuqHkwfr gqbZA bl çfØ;k osQ vkjfEHkd o"kks± esa ekSf[kd ijEijk rFkk vkfnoklh Hkkf"kd l`tukRedrk dh esjh le> yksd lkfgR; vkSj u`rÙo foKku osQ ekStwnk vè;;u osQ nk;js rd lhfer Fkh] fdUrq èkhjs&èkhjs ;g nk;jk eq>s vi;kZIr yxus yxkA oqQN le; rd rks eSa Hkkjr dh vkfnoklh Hkk"kkvksa vkSj lkfgR; osQ fo'ys"k.k dh viuh le> fodflr djrk jgkA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] 1997 esa Mkax ftUgsa vkfnoklh lg;ksfx;ksa osQ lkFk ,d cSBd esa eSaus roZQ fn;k fd îzfrHkk oqQN lkaLFkkfud lekthdj.k dh çfØ;k osQ }kjk fodflr ,d iwathoknh lkfgfR;d dlkSVh

Hindi Book.indd 69

7/13/2017 12:11:26 PM

70


gSA tcfd Le`fr (Memory) ,d ,slh dlkSVh gS ftldk fodkl mu leqnk;ksa us fd;k tks ;FkkFkZokn dh {kerk [kks, ughaA* gSnjkckn esa 1998 esa gqbZ ,d vkSj cSBd esa eSaus roZQ fn;k fd ^Hkkjr esa ou&fouk'k vkSj Hkk"kkvksa osQ okXyksi esa lhèkh lekurk gSA* eSaus tYnh gh ;g eglwl fd;k fd bu voèkkj.kkvksa dks bfrgkl ;k roZQ osQ vkèkkj ij lgh lkfcr djuk lEHko ugha Fkk blfy, eSaus fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd bu eqíksa ij fl¼kUr fu:i.k djus osQ fy, vkfnoklh Hkk"kkvksa osQ lkfgR; dh vkSj vfèkd tkudkjh dh t:jr gSA ;|fi] esjs eu esa bl ckr dks ysdj dksbZ la'k; ugha Fkk fd Hkkjrh; lkfgR; ;k lkSUn;Z cksèk dk Hkh vè;;u rc rd vèkwjk jgsxk tc rd mlesa vkfnoklh ekSf[kd ijEijk dks 'kkfey u fd;k tk,A blfy, eSaus r; fd;k fd Hkkjr esa lkfgR; fl¼kUrksa osQ Kkr lzksrksa osQ lekukUrj Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa lkfgfR;d l`tu'khyrk osQ mnkgj.kksa dks j[kk tk,A bl le; Hkkjrh; lkfgR; fl¼kUrksa ij py jgs esjs dk;Z dh ik.Mqfyfi tks yEcs le; ls [kksbZ gqbZ Fkh] eq>s fey xbZA vksfj;aV CySdLokWu us 2003 esa bls ^nh bafM;u fyV~jsjh fØfVflTe % F;ksjh ,.M bUVjfçVs'ku* 'kh"kZd ls çdkf'kr fd;kA mlh o"kZ esjs }kjk lEikfnr ,d iqLrd isaxqbu us îsaVsM oM~lZ % fyV~jspj vkWiQ vkfnoklht ,aM MhuksfViQkbM dE;wfuVht* 'kh"kZd ls çdkf'kr dhA bu nksuksa iqLrdksa dks ,d lkFk iuk vkSj mls vlkekU; ekudj pqukSrh osQ :i esa Lohdkj dj fy;k x;k gSA ;g mlh rjg ls gqvk tSlk fd Kku osQ vU; nwljs {ks=kksa esa gqvk gSA ;g vko';d gS fd ge tkusa fd D;k mifuos'kdky osQ igys Hkh Hkkjr esa ikxyiu dh voèkkj.kk Fkh\ D;k ge egkHkkjr esa fdlh Hkh ik=k dks ikxy eku ldrs gSa\ D;ksafd bl egkdkO; esa cgqr ls ik=k gaS! D;k Hkkjrh; ijEijk ;k Hkkjrh; ijEijkvksa esa dksbZ ,slk pfj=k Fkk ftls if'peh euksfoKku osQ vkèkkj ij ikxyiu ;k mUekn dgk tk ldrk gks\ ,slk D;ksa gqvk fd egku fpUrd vkSj jgL;e;h jkeÑ".k ijegal ,slh cgqr lh ckrsa djrs gSa ftls ik'pkR; euksfo'ys"kd vlkekU; ekurs gSa fdUrq og Hkkjrh; fpUru osQ fy, Li`guh; gSA Jh jkeÑ".k ijegal us ,slh vkuUnkuqHkwfr dk vuqHko fd;k ftls Hkkjrh; jgL;okn dh 'kCnkoyh esa ^rqjh;koLFkk* dgk tkrk gS tks ije vkuUn dh rS;kjh gS ftlesa ^Lo* vkSj îj* vFkok çÑfr vkSj laLo`Qfr] ykSfdd vkSj vykSfdd esa dksbZ Hksn ugha gksrkA bl çÑfr dh psruk dh voLFkk esa dksbZ }Sr ugha gksrkA ;g Hkh ekuk tkrk gS fd O;fDr iw.kZr% bZ'ojh; lÙkk ls rknkRehÑr gks tkrk gSA jkeÑ".k osQ ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd mUgksaus mlh vkuUnkuqHkwfr dks çkIr fd;k Fkk tks gekjh ijEijk esa ^lkekU;* ekuh tkrh gS vkSj og ^mUekn* ;k ikxyiu* osQ fudV gSA ;g jgL;oknh ,dkRedrk dk ,d :i gSA fofHkUu Hkkjrh; ijEijkvksa esa vlkekU; O;fDrÙo j[kuk lkekU; ekuoh; voLFkk osQ :i esa Lohdkj fd;k tkrk jgk gSA ,sls yksxksa dks u rks lekt ls ckgj fd;k tkrk jgk gS u mUgsa ikxy[kkus Hkstk tkrk jgk gSA vkt Hkh Hkkjr esa ikxy[kkuksa dks ljdkj dh ftEesnkjh osQ nk;js esa gh ns[kk tkrk gS] u fd mls ijksidkj dh Hkkouk ls fd;k x;k ^dk;Z* ekuk tkrk gSA ifjokj dks dgk tkrk gS fd ,sls yksxksa dks ifjokj dk lkekU; lnL; gh le>saA Hkkjrh; lekt esa mu yksxksa osQ fy, Hkh txg Fkh tks mu dk;ks± dks NksM+dj oqQN u;k ç;kl djus yx tkrs Fks] ftuosQ fy, mUgsa çf'kf{kr fd;k tkrk FkkA ifjokj vkSj leqnk; ikjEifjd :i ls mudks Hkh txg nsrs Fks ftuosQ uSfrd O;ogkj ij loky Hkh [kM+s fd, tk ldrs Fks] mUgsa Lohdkj djosQ vFkok de&ls&de muosQ çfr lfg".kq cudjA yxHkx 25 o"kZ igys eq>s cM+kSnk ftyk dkjkxkj osQ oSQfn;ksa ls lk{kkRdkj djus dk volj feyk tks gR;k dh ltk dkV jgs FksA T;knkrj ekeys ,sls Fks ftlesa mUgksaus vius djhch fj'rsnkjksa dh gR;k dh FkhA tc eSaus iwNk fd ;gka ls NwVus osQ ckn os dgka tk,axs rks mudk tokc ,d gh Fkk fd os vius ifjokj osQ ikl tk,axs tgka mudh ekrk ;k iRuh mudk bartkj dj jgh FkhA ;g dguk mudh le> ls mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vR;ar LokHkkfod

Hindi Book.indd 71

7/13/2017 12:11:26 PM

72


fn[k jgk FkkA fdlh us Hkh ifjokj ls cfg"Ñr gksus dh dksbZ vk'kadk ugha O;Dr dhA Hkkjrh; ifjokj vkSj lekt O;oLFkk us gky osQ fnuksa rd ekufld :i ls vlkekU; O;fDr;ksa osQ fy, Hkh dkiQh txg nh gSA LokHkkfod :i ls ge ;g Hkh tkurs gSa fd ifjokj esa ,sls yksxksa osQ çfr FkksM+h Øwjrk vkSj mis{kk jgh gS_ fdUrq lkekftd Lrj ij ekufld :i ls chekj O;fDr;ksa dks vyx&Fkyx dj nsuk Hkkjr esa mifuos'kdky osQ igys ugha FkkA ik'pkR; f'k{kk vkSj ik'pkR; Kku çk:i dk vuqlj.k djosQ ge vkt ,slh fLFkfr esa igqap x, gSa tgka ge fdlh Hkh vlkekU; O;ogkj dks rsth ls [kkfjt djrs tk jgs gSaA fo|ky; osQ Lrj ij vkt ge ns[krs gSa fd cPpksa dks îkxyiu* dh NksVh lh gjdr ls vR;fèkd grksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA jchUæukFk VSxksj us bl ckr osQ egÙo dks le>k fd cPps tSls gSa oSls mUgsa Lohdkj fd;k tk,A mUgksaus iwjk thou ^psruk osQ foLrkj* dks çksRlkfgr djus esa yxk fn;k ftlls cPpksa dk ekufld Lrj ij [kqn ls lEokn gksA vkt ,slh NwV ugha gSA blh çdkj gekjh laçs"k.k dh ijEijk esa ekSu dks egÙo fn;k tkrk FkkA ikjEifjd :i ls lkSUn;Z'kkL=k ^'kkUr* osQ bnZ&fxnZ gh ?kwerk jgk gSA vR;qPp dyk dks ,slh lekfèk dh voLFkk ekuk x;k gSA ftlesa iw.kZ lUrqf"V feys] ;gh ijekoLFkk gSA vfHkuo xqIr us ekuk fd lHkh ^jlksa* dk ijeksRd"kZ lHkh osQ lkeatL; ls gh gksrk gS ftls ^'kkUr jl* osQ :i esa mUgksaus O;k[;kf;r fd;kA (eSlu rFkk iVoèkZu (Masson and Patwardhan)] 1969)A egkHkkjr dk oSf'k"V~; blesa fufgr ^'kkUr jl* gS ftlosQ dkj.k ;gh mldh pje lkSUn;kZRed miyfCèk cu xbZA mifu"knksa esa ges'kk vUr esa eaxy dkeuk O;Dr dh xbZ gS ftlesa ekSu vfHkO;Dr gksrk gS] ;g lHkh rjg dh lksp osQ ckn vkrk gSA bl çdkj Hkkjrh; lekt esa ekSu dk çeq[k lkaLÑfrd egÙo gSA vkt ge ekSu dh vuqHkwfr djus ;k mls lEeku nsus esa l{ke ugha gSa] u gh ge vius LoRo ;k vfLrRo osQ vifjgk;Z rÙo osQ :i esa mUekn osQ lkFk rknkRE; LFkkfir dj ikus esa l{ke gSaA ;g mUekn vkSj ekSu osQ fy, de gqbZ lkaLÑfrd txg osQ dkj.k gS ftlosQ dkj.k] ftls ge Hkk"kk dgrs gSa] og çHkkfor gks jgh gSA ge vius ^LoRo* (vfLrRo) dks viuh le> osQ }kjk ns[kus esa l{ke ugha gSaA ;g T;knkrj blfy, gS fd vkt gekjh Hkk"kk osQ LoRo dh le> ls ;g ckr tqM+h gSA Hkk"kk dh vkUrfjd lTtk tks vrhr esa ekSu vkSj 'kSyh oQh vlkekU; vfHkO;fDr esa feyrh Fkh] og rsth ls mtkM+ nh xbZ gSA vc mu txgksa ij lkEçnkf;d mUekn esa turk osQ èkkfeZd Hktuksa vkSj vFkZ&osQfUær v¼Z oSKkfudrk dk çlkj gks x;k gSA

dgkuh dh dgkuh ge roZQ dj ldrs gSa fd psruk voèkkj.kkRed nqfu;k dh iSaQVslh gSA ge ugha tkurs fd nqfu;k mlosQ ckgj gksrh gS ;k ugha_ fdUrq ge lHkh ;g ekurs gSa fd og gS vkSj ge bl ekU;rk dks lR; gh le>rs gSaA ckg~; txr osQ lkFk vius lk{kkRdkj esa ge ftl rÙo dks lokZfèkd egÙoiw.kZ ikrs gSa] og Hkk"kk gSA Hkk"kk gh ,dek=k ,slh pht gS tks psruk dks fo'o txr esa 'kCnksa osQ ekè;e ls vkus nsrh gSA ;fn gekjs ikl eè;LFk osQ :i esa Hkk"kk ugha gksrh rks ^ml* ckg~; txr dks uke nsuk lEHko ugha gksrk vkSj rc oLrqvksa dks uke ugha ns ikrs tks igys ls gh ogka ekStwn gSaA Hkk"kk euq"; osQ }kjk fodkl dh çfØ;k esa vftZr ,d fof'k"V rÙo gS tks mls vU; lHkh çkf.k;ksa] i'kqvksa ls vyx djrh gSA ,slk D;ksa gS fd fliZQ euq"; us gh bruh mUur Lrj dh Hkk"kk dks fodflr fd;k ftlesa vR;fèkd lajpukRed tfVyrk gS\ ;g lgh gS fd oqQN vU; çkf.k;ksa esa Hkh ,d çdkj dh Hkk"kk gksrh gS] tSls eèkqeD[khA os u`R;

Hindi Book.indd 72

7/13/2017 12:11:26 PM

Hkk"kkdk LoRo • 73

,oa laçs"k.k djrh gSa vkSj mudk laçs"k.k Ik;kZIr Hkh gksrk gSA okLro esa] mldk viuk O;kdj.k gksrk gSA Hkk"kk osQ vFkZiw.kZ gksus dh ,d U;wure 'krZ gS fd mls ,d êkU;* okD; i¼fr dks bl rjg ls fufeZr djus esa l{ke gksuk pkfg, fd og tc Hkh laçsf"kr gks rks dekscs'k ,d tSlk vFkZ nsA bl çdkj] eèkqefD[k;ka] u`R; vkSj laçs"k.k djrh gSa vkSj tc iqu% oqQN dguk pkgrh gSa rks oSlk gh u`R; djrh gSaA MkWyfiQuksa dh viuh vyx Hkk"kk gksrh gS vkSj 'kk;n phfV;ksa dh Hkh viuh Hkk"kk tSlh dksbZ pht gksrh gS D;ksafd ge mUgsa oqQN laçsf"kr djrs gq, ns[krs gSaA fdUrq ^vU; çkf.k;ksa* esa Hkk"kk osQ fodkl osQ oqQN laosQrksa osQ ckotwn ekuo tkfr us gh mPp Lrjh; tfVyrk okyh Hkk"kk fodflr dh gS ftlesa lq[kkHkkl] fgLVhfj;k okrksUekn] g"kksZUekn rFkk ekSu dks egÙoiw.kZ rjhdk ekuk tkrk gSA ,slk D;ksa gS fd euq"; us ,slh Hkk"kk dk fodkl fd;k ftlesa euq"; èofu ;a=k dk bLrseky djrk gS vkSj vU; fdlh vax dk ugha tks laçs"k.k djus esa leFkZ gS\ fliZQ Li'kZ gh lc oqQN laçsf"kr djus osQ fy, Ik;kZIr ugha gSA euq"; dh vk¡[ksa vusd vFkZ&Nfo;ksa dks laçsf"kr djus esa vR;fèkd l{ke gSaA cgqr ls çkf.k;ksa us n`'; osQ }kjk_ eq[; :Ik ls laçs"k.k dh i¼fr fodflr dh gSA euq"; us gh okd~ }kjk Hkk"kk osQ ç;ksx dks fodflr fd;k gS_ og èofu dks ekè;e osQ :Ik esa ç;ksx djrk gSA ;|fi] ;g Hkk"kk osQ fy, lokZfèkd mi;qDr lkèku ughaA vk¡[ksa T;knk vfHkO;fDr dk ekè;e gSaA euq"; dh vk¡[ksa cgqr fgy&Mqy ldrh gSa vkSj Hkkoukvksa dks iw.kZr% vfHkO;Dr dj ldrh gaSA gkykafd] vk¡[ksa mez osQ lkFk&lkFk ifjofrZr gksus yxrh gSa fdarq vkoktksa osQ lkFk ,slk ugha gksrkA oSls ;g Hkh lp gS fd cPpksa dh vkoktsa o;Ld gksus ij cny tkrh gSaA ;|fi] ;g bruk cgqvk;keh ekè;e ugha gS fiQj Hkh èofu fdlh oLrq dh lhekvksa dk vfrØe.k dj tkrh gSa tcfd n`f"V ,slk ugha dj ikrh] [kklrkSj ls mudks os lacksfèkr ugha dj ikrha tks fdlh dh vk¡[k osQ Bhd lkeus vFkkZr~ çR;{k fLFkr ugha gSA okxsfUnz; dk dksbZ Hkh vaxµ nk¡r] thHk] daB vkSj ukdµ okLro esa cksyus osQ fy, ugha cuk, x, FksA mu vaxksa dks cksyus osQ fy, rS;kj djus esa] bu vaxksa osQ lkFk leUo; LFkkfir djus esa vkSj mls vFkZiw.kZ cukus esa dbZ ;qx yx x,A lEHkor% euq"; dh 'kkjhfjd lajpuk gh ,slh gS ftlesa jh losQA fdUrq lR; vkSj ;FkkFkZ bfUæ; tU; vuqHko] voèkkj.kkRed ifjçs{; vkSj ckSf¼d le> bu lHkh Lrjksa ij nks vyx ,oa iw.kZr% fHkUu çdkj osQ gSaA bu nksuksa rjg osQ txr esa tks ckr lkekU; gS og gS] budk gksuk_ ml yksd dk voèkkj.kkRed vfLrRo gS ftls ekuo psruk us ,d iSaQVslh osQ :i esa l`ftr fd;kA nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgsa rks ;g orZeku dh orZekurk dk çHkko'kkyh wB* dYiukRed lR; ls T;knk vFkZoku gksrs gSaA bl ckr dks lgh lkfcr djus osQ vusd ç;kl gq, gSa fd dFkk lkfgR; esa ftl Hkk"kk dk ç;ksx gqvk mlls oSQls vFkZ dh vusd Nfo;ka lkeus vkbZ gSaA ;g lEHko gks ikrk gS foe'kZ dh lajpuk] çrhdksa dk lkeatL;] laçs"k.k dk rjhdk] vfHkO;fDr dh 'kSyh tks vUroZLrq ls rknkRE; cSBkrh gS] vkfn ckrksa lsA blls Hkh T;knk egÙoiw.kZ gS fd dFkk lkfgR; ekuo dYiuk dk og ekxZ ç'kLr djrk gS tks ekuo psruk osQ lkbcj Lisl (vkHkklh nqfu;k) dks le>us osQ fy, vkSj mldk vuqHko djus osQ fy, vko';d gSA euq"; dh Hkk"kkvksa us mu lajpukvksa dks fufeZr djus osQ fy, dkiQh la?k"kZ fd;k tks orZeku vkSj vrhr esa lglk O;Dr gks tkrh gSa rFkk rRdky os Le`fr vkSj dYiuk dks] lR; vkSj dYiuk dks] tksM+us esa lkFk gks tkrh gSaA n`'; nqfu;k okLro esa ^gS* ;k fiQj og osQoy euq"; psruk dh ^le>* gS\ ekuo psruk Lo;a gh ,slh gSA blfy, vfLrRo osQ& fiQj og ^gS* ;k ûgha* gS& iw.kZ vfHkO;fDr osQ fy,] orZeku vkSj vrhr osQ la;kstu dk i;kZIr o.kZu djus osQ fy,] lkbcj Lisl dh lEHkkouk dh ryk'k vko';d gSA Le`fr vkSj dYiuk esa Hksn djus okys lSeqvy Vsyj dksyfjt (Samuel Taylor Coleridge) us lEHkor% lkbcj Lisl dh egku {kerk dks le> fy;k FkkA viuh mUer djus okyh dforkvksa esa ugha vfirq vius ckY;dky dh Le`fr;ksa dks iqu% ;kn djrs gq, ,slk fd;k FkkA viuh jpuk ck;ksxzkiQh;k fyV~jsfj;k esa mUgksaus fy[kk gS fd muosQ firk osQ ?kj dh nhokj ij ,d isafVax yxh Fkh ftlesa ,d tgkt dk fp=k.k gqvk Fkk tks rwiQkuh leqæ esa f?kjk gqvk FkkA fu'p; gh] blus mUgsa ^nh ,fU'k,.V esfjuj* dh çfl¼ iafDr;ka fy[kus osQ fy, çsfjr fd;k gksxk tks ^, isaVsM f'ki vikWu , isaVsM lh* osQ ckjs fy[kh xbZ gSA ,d çkphu ;wukuh O;fDrÙo gS oqQcjuhV~l (Kubernetes)A ftlosQ ckjs esa dgk tkrk gS fd og leqæ osQ chp esa rwiQkuksa vkSj ygjksa ls la?k"kZ djrk gqvk viuk tgkt fLFkj j[k ldrk FkkA dksyfjt us vius cpiu dh isafVax esa ftl n`'; dh ckr dh gS rFkk oqQcjuhV~l us ftl ty çy; dh pqukSrh Lohdkj dh] rduhdh :i ls mls lkbcj Lisl gh dgk tk ldrk gSA ;g okLro esa Hkk"kk dk fodkl gS ftlus okLro dks O;Dr djusokyh Hkk"kk ls vkxs cM+h] lksUuh] lqCck] lqfn;k] lqtkfFkxj] lqyqax] lqUxh] lqudjn] lqjyh] Lokfu] rcu] rgSjkbu] ryeh] rankjk] rafny] rutjokyanxks] VaosQjk] rkafV] rjkus] rjksvk] rjksuh] rk'oj] rfLr] r;sax] rscx] rsfy] VsefYy] rsiyh] rsokjh] BdbZ] Fkkjh] FkkV~ek] FkkVokjh] frykfy] frjxqfy] rksYpk] rksyj] rksih] VksVtk] fVªekyh] f=kosnh] Fkacsd:] rqaxks] mpkbZ] mgkanks] mgksMZ] mtzk] mejikyk] meFkh] miHkk"kk] mjuh] moZu] meZ'kk] mLFkq] mÙkjh igkM+h] onDdyh] oSifd] oSoy] ojkafNfr] orq] osM~Mh] oksaMkyk] oksV~xk] odjkyh] okYyh] okfYedh] oanfxjh] orudjh] ;gwnh] ;'kf[kyk] ;sjks] ftaèkkjh vkSj tqaokjA

Hindi Book.indd 94

7/13/2017 12:11:27 PM

ifjf'k"V - 4

Hkkjr dh Kkr Hkk"kk,¡ Presented below is an alphabetical abstract of languages and the mother tongues with speakers' strength of 10,000 and above at the all India level, grouped under each language. There are a total of 122 languages and 234 mother tongues. The 22 languages Name of language and mother tongue(s) grouped under each language>

1

Number of persons who returned the language (and the mother tongues grouped under each) as their mother tongue 2

1 ASSAMESE

13,168,484

1 Assamese

12,778,735

Others

389,749

Name of language and mother tongue(s) grouped under each language

1

13 Dhundhari

1,871,130

14 Garhwali

2,267,314

15 Gojri

762,332

16 Harauti

2,462,867 7,997,192

2 BENGALI

83,369,769

17 Haryanvi

1 Bengali

82,462,437

18 Hindi

2 Chakma

176,458

Hindi Book.indd 95

Number of persons who returned the language (and the mother tongues grouped under each) as their mother tongue 2

19 Jaunsari

257,919,635 114,733

7/13/2017 12:11:27 PM

96

• Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k % izLrkouk % Hkk"kkdk LoRo 3 Haijong/Hajong

63,188

20 Kangri

4 Rajbangsi

82,570

21 Khairari

11,937

Others

585,116

22 Khari Boli

47,730

23 Khortha/ Khotta 3 BODO 1 Bodo/Boro Others

1,350,478

24 Kulvi

1,330,775

25 Kumauni

19,703

26 Kurmali Thar 27 Labani

1,122,843

4,725,927 170,770 2,003,783 425,920 22,162

4 DOGRI

2,282,589

28 Lamani/ Lambadi

1 Dogri

2,282,547

29 Laria

67,697

42

30 Lodhi

139,321

Others

31 Magadhi/ Magahi 5 GUJARATI

46,091,617

32 Malvi

1 Gujarati

45,715,654

33 Mandeali

2 Gujrao/Gujrau

2,707,562

13,978,565 5,565,167 611,930

43,414

34 Marwari

7,936,183

3 Saurashtra/Saurash

185,420

35 Mewari

5,091,697

4 Others

147,129

36 Mewati

645,291

6 HINDI

422,048,642

37 Nagpuria

1,242,586

38 Nimadi

2,148,146 2,832,825

1 Awadhi

2,529,308

39 Pahari

2 Bagheli/Baghel Khan

2,865,011

40 Panch Pargania

3 Bagri Rajasthani

1,434,123

41 Pangwali

4 Banjari

1,259,821

42 Pawari/ Powari

5 Bhadrawahi

66,918

43 Rajasthani

6 Bharmauri/ Gaddi

66,246

44 Sadan/ Sadri

7 Bhojpuri 8 Brajbhasha 9 Bundeli/ Bundelkhan 10 Chambeali 11 Chhattisgarhi 12 Churahi 7 KANNADA 1 Badaga

Hindi Book.indd 96

33,099,497 574,245 3,072,147 126,589 13,260,186 61,199

193,769 16,285 425,745 18,355,613 2,044,776

45 Sirmauri

31,144

46 Sondwari

59,221

47 Sugali

160,736

48 Surgujia

1,458,533

49 Surjapuri

1,217,019

Others

14,777,266

37,924,011

2 Oriya

32,110,482

134,514

3 Proja

92,774

7/13/2017 12:11:27 PM

ifjf'k"V & 4 • 97 2 Kannada 3 Kuruba/ Kurumba Others

37,742,232 14,613 32,652

8 KASHMIRI

5,527,698

1 Kashmiri

5,362,349

2 Kishtwari

4 Relli 5 Sambalpuri Others 16 PUNJABI

21,965 518,803 56,482 29,102,477

1 Bagri

646,921

33,429

2 Bilaspuri/ Kahluri

179,511

3 Siraji

87,179

3 Punjabi

Others

44,741

Others

9 KONKANI

2,489,015

1 Konkani

2,420,140

2 Kudubi/ Kudumbi

10,192

3 Malwani

46,851

Others

11,832

17 SANSKRIT 1 Sanskrit Others 18 SANTALI 1 Karmali

10 MAITHILI 1 Maithili Others

12,179,122

2 Santali

12,178,673

Others

28,152,794 123,251 14,135 14,099 36 6,469,600 368,853 5,943,679 157,068

449 19 SINDHI

2,535,485

33,066,392

1 Kachchhi

823,058

33,015,420

2 Sindhi

1,694,061

2 Yerava

19,643

Others

18,366

Others

31,329

11 MALAYALAM 1 Malayalam

12 MANIPURI1 1 Manipuri Others

20 TAMIL

60,793,814

1,466,705

1 Kaikadi

23,694

1,466,497

2 Tamil

208

3 Yerukala/ Yerukula Others

13 MARATHI 1 Marathi

Others 14 NEPALI2 1 Nepali

Hindi Book.indd 97

60,655,813 69,533 44,774

71,936,894 71,701,478 235,416 2,871,749

21 TELUGU

74,002,856

1 Telugu

73,817,148

2 Vadari

171,725

Others

13,983

2,867,922

7/13/2017 12:11:28 PM

98

• Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k % izLrkouk % Hkk"kkdk LoRo Others

3,827

15 ORIYA

22 URDU

51,536,111

1 Urdu

51,533,954

33,017,446

1 Bhatri

Others

2,157

216,940

1. Excludes figures of Paomata, Mao-Maram and Purul sub divisions of Senapati district of Manipur For 2001 Census Manipuri includes Meithei. 2. Nepali includes Gorkhali. PART B - Languages not specified in the Eighth Schedule (Non-Scheduled Languages) Name of language and mother tongue(s) grouped under each language>

Number of persons who returned the language (and the mother tongues grouped under each) as their mother tongue

Name of language and mother tongue(s) grouped under each language

Number of persons who returned the language (and the mother tongues grouped under each) as their mother tongue

1

2

1

2

1 ADI 1 Adi 2 Adi Gallong/ Gallong 3 Adi Miniyong/ Miniyong Others 2 AFGHANI/KABULI/PASHTO 1 Afghani/Kabuli/ Pashto 3 ANAL 1 Anal Others 4 ANGAMI 1 Angami Others

Hindi Book.indd 98

198,462 97,012 61,887 17,274 22,289

13 14 15 16

Rathi Tadavi Varli Vasava

101,458 99,348 475,433 417,665

17 Wagdi Others

2,510,811 191,262

9 BHOTIA

81,012

11,086 11,086

23,191 21,420 1,771 132,225 49,685 82,540

1 Bhotia 2 Zanskari Others

68,800 11,443 769

10 BHUMIJ 1 Bhumij Others

47,443 30,719 16,724

11 BISHNUPURIYA

77,545

7/13/2017 12:11:28 PM

ifjf'k"V & 4 • 99 5 AO

1 Ao Others

261,387

257,404 3,983

6 ARABIC/ ARBI 1 Arabic/Arbi Others

51,728 51,715 13

7 BALTI 1 Balti Others

20,053 20,051 2

8 BHILI/BHILODI 1 Baori 2 Barel 3 Bhilali 4 Bhili/Bhilodi 5 Chodhari 6 Dhodia 7 Gamti/ Gavit 8 Garasia 9 Kokna/Kokni/Kukn 10 Mawchi 11 Paradhi 12 Pawri

9,582,957 27,242 637,751 680,689 3,313,481 209,363 169,290 283,697 51,183 110,602 99,474 49,290 154,918

1 Bishnupriya Manipuri/Manipuri Bishnupriya Others

4,646

12 CHAKHESANG 1 Chakhesang

11,415 11,415

13 CHAKRU/CHOKRI 1 Chakru/Chokri

83,560 83,560

14 CHANG 1 Chang

62,408 62,408

15 COORGI/ KODAGU 1 Coorgi/Kodagu 16 DEORI 1 Deori

166,187 166,187 27,960 27,960

17 DIMASA 1 Dimasa Others

111,961 110,671 1,290

18 ENGLISH 1 English

226,449 226,449

419,534 419,512 22

19 GADABA 1 Gadaba Others

26,262 26,082 180

30 KARBI/MIKIR 1 Karbi/Mikir Others

20 GANGTE 1 Gangte Others

14,500 14,394 106

31 KHANDESHI 1 Ahirani 2 Dangi 3 Gujari

Hindi Book.indd 99

72,899

2,075,258 1,865,813 138,756 48,747

7/13/2017 12:11:28 PM

100


21 GARO 1 Garo Others 22 GONDI 1 Dorli 2 Gondi 3 Kalari 4 Maria 5 Muria Others

889,479 885,522 3,957 2,713,790 37,731 2,505,247 26,797 88,984 16,620 38,411

23 HALABI 1 Halabi Others

593,443 592,501 942

24 HALAM 1 Halam Others

38,275 14,316 23,959

25 HMAR 1 Hmar

83,404 83,404

26 HO 1 Ho Others

1,042,724 1,037,987 4,737

27 JATAPU 1 Jatapu Others

39,331 39,319 12

28 JUANG 1 Juang

23,708 23,708

29 KABUI 1 Kabui

94,758 29,175

Hindi Book.indd 100

4 Khandeshi Others 32 KHARIA 1 Kharia Others 33 KHASI 1 Bhoi Khasi 2 Khasi 3 Pnar/Synteng 4 War Others

17,413 4,529 239,608 237,479 2,129 1,128,575 14,882 828,545 243,441 25,886 15,821

34 KHEZHA 1 Khezha Others

40,768 39,436 1,332

35 KHIEMNUNGAN 1 Khiemnungan

37,755 37,755

36 KHOND/KONDH 1 Khond/Kondh Others

118,597 115,330 3,267

37 KINNAURI 1 Kinnauri Others 38 KISAN 1 Kisan

65,097 64,817 280 141,088 141,088

39 KOCH 1 Koch Others

31,119 28,578 2,541

40 KODA/KORA

43,030

7/13/2017 12:11:28 PM

ifjf'k"V & 4 • 101 2 Rongmei Others

61,197 4,386

41 KOLAMI 1 Kolami

121,855 121,855

42 KOM 1 Kom

14,673 14,673

43 KONDA1 1 Kodu Others

56,262 45,428 10,834

44 KONYAK 1 Konyak

248,109 248,109

45 KORKU 1 Korku 2 Muwasi Others

574,481 541,880 29,288 3,313

46 KORWA2 1 Koraku Others

34,586 27,942 6,644

47 KOYA 1 Koya

362,070 362,070

48 KUI 1 Kui Others 49 KUKI 1 Kuki Others

916,222 915,392 830 52,873 47,856 5,017

50 KURUKH/ORAON 1 Kurukh/Oraon

Hindi Book.indd 101

1,751,489 1,737,044

1 Koda/Kora Others

36,528 6,502

53 LAHNDA3 1 Multani 2 Bahawalpuri 3 Punchhi Others

92,234 11,873 56,096 19,871 4,394

54 LAKHER 1 Lakher

34,751 34,751

55 LALUNG 1 Lalung

27,072 27,072

56 LEPCHA 1 Lepcha

50,629 50,629

57 LIANGMEI 1 Liangmei Others

34,232 34,077 155

58 LIMBU 1 Limbu Others

37,265 28,127 9,138

59 LOTHA 1 Lotha

170,001 170,001

6O LUSHAI/MIZO 1 Lushai/Mizo Others

674,756 671,911 2,845

61 MALTO4 1 Pahariya Others

224,926 83,050 141,876

7/13/2017 12:11:28 PM

102

• Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk yksd losZ{k.k % izLrkouk % Hkk"kkdk LoRo Others

14,445

62 MARAM 1 Maram

37,340 37,340

63 MARING 1 Maring

22,326 22,326

51 LADAKHI 1 Ladakhi Others

104,618 104,502 116

52 LAHAULI 1 Lahauli Others

22,646 20,138 2,508

64 MIRI/MISHING 1 Miri/Mishing Others

65 MISHMI 1 Mishmi Others

33,955 17,283 16,672

75 PAWIV 1 Pawi

24,965 24,965

76 PERSIAN 1 Persian

11,688 11,688

66 MOGH 1 Mogh Others

30,639 30,559 80

67 MONPA 1 Monpa Others

55,876 51,035 4,841

68 MUNDA 1 Kol 2 Munda Others

469,357 12,720 426,820 29,817

69 MUNDARI 1 Mundari 2 Mura Others 70 NICOBARESE 1 Nicobarese 71 NISSI/DAFLA 1 Apatani

Hindi Book.indd 102

1,061,352 1,046,951 14,204 197 28,784 28,784 211,485 28,422

77 PHOM 1 Phom 78 POCHURY 1 Pochury Others

551,224 551,182 42

122,508 122,508 16,744 16,728 16

79 RABHA 1 Rabha Others

164,770 164,266 504

80 RAI 1 Rai Others

14,378 10,446 3,932

81 RENGMA 1 Rengma

61,345 61,345

82 SANGTAM 1 Sangtam Others

84,273 84,171 102

7/13/2017 12:11:28 PM

ifjf'k"V & 4 • 103 2 Bangni 3 Nissi 4 Tagin Others

18,842 118,111 38,244 7,866

72 NOCTE 1 Nocte Others

32,957 27,749 5,208

73 PAITE 1 Paite Others

64,100 64,065 35

74 PARJI5 1 Dhurwa Others

51,216 45,310 5,906

88 TAMANG 1 Tamang

17,494 17,494

89 TANGKHUL 1 Tangkhul Others 90 TANGSA 1 Tangsa Others 91 THADO 1 Thado Others 92 TIBETAN 1 Tibetan Others

Hindi Book.indd 103

142,035 142,023 12 40,086 12,604 27,482 190,595 186,471 4,124 85,278 77,305 7,973

83 SAVARA 1,Savara Others

252,519 252,487 32

84 SEMA 1 Sema

103,529 103,529

85 SHERPA 1 Sherpa

18,342 18,342

86 SHINA 1 Shina Others

34,390 34,251 139

87 SIMTE 1 Simte

10,225 10,225

94 TULU 1 Tulu Others

1,722,768 1,720,422 2,346

95 VAIPHEI 1 Vaiphei

39,673 39,673

96 WANCHO 1 Wancho

49,072 49,072

97 YIMCHUNGRE 1 Tikhir 2 Yimchungre Others

92,144 16,828 72,030 3,286

98 ZELIANG 1 Zeliang

61,547 61,547

99 ZEMI

34,110

7/13/2017 12:11:28 PM

104


93 TRIPURI 1 Kokbarak 2 Reang 3 Tripuri Others

854,023 761,964 76,450 15,002 607

1 Zemi Others 100 ZOU 1 Zou

34,102 8 20,857 20,857

* Excludes figures of Paomata, Mao-Maram and Purul sub-divisions of Senapati district of Manipur for 2001. ** The percentage of speakers of each language for 2001 has been worked out on the total population of India excluding the population of Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati district of Manipur due to cancellation of census results. N - Stands for negligible.

Hindi Book.indd 104

7/13/2017 12:11:28 PM

'kCn&vuqØef.kdk

1961 dh tux.kuk] 7] 8] 44

dk vFkZ] 21

esa ekr`Hkk"kkvksa dh la[;k] 7] 8] 44

vxkj] 41

esa fons'kh Hkk"kkvksa dh la[;k] 7

vxkjh;k] 41

osQ ldkjkRed vkSj udkjkRed i{k] 7

vxsjk] 41

1971 dh tux.kuk] 5] 7&8] 14] 44

vVksax] 41

2001 dh tux.kuk] 8] 46] 67

v.Mekfut] 41

esa vkj-th-vkbZ- dh lwph] 66] 67

vuy] 41

esa ekr`Hkk"kkvksa dh la[;k] 8

vuqlwfpr Hkk"kk,a] 38 vUrjkZ"Vªh; Hkk"kk,a] 30] 39] 40

vaxkeh] 41

vUrjkZ"Vªh; Hkk"kk lEesyu] cM+kSnk] 54

vafxdk] 41

vUukeykbZ] bZ-] 59

vaxzsth] 6] 9&11] 18] 19] 21] 28&30] 32] 33] 40] 43] 46] 51] 52] 56] 59] 61] 63] 64] 66] 67] 69] 70] 82

virkuh] 41

vDdk gj;wlks] 41 v{kj] 16] 21] 22

Hindi Book.indd 105

vcqtekfM;k] 41 vEcqMh] 41 vjch] 4] 22] 33] 50] 70 vjch&IkQkjlh fyfi] 22

7/13/2017 12:11:29 PM

106


vjLrq] 80

fyV~jsjh fØfVflT+e] 44

v#.kkpy izns'k] 28] 42] 50

vkjkoyh] 41

v#.kkpyh] 41

vkjksfir okX?kkr] 21

vjSfcd] 41

vk;Z Hkk"kk ifjokj] 21] 23

vFkZ] 2] 16&18] 22

vkWLVªks&,f'k;kfVd] 52] 66

osQ ?kVd] 16 dk nk;jk] 17 vle] 42] 45&46] 56 esa ih-,y-,l-vkbZ- dh ifj;kstuk] 46] 52&53] 57

baVjus'kuy LowQy vkWiQ nzkfofM;u fyafXofLVDl] 60 b.Mks vk;Zu] 52] 66 bnw] 41

vlfe;k] 28] 41] 45] 46

bulkbDyksihfM;k vkWiQ nzkfofM;u ySaXostst] 60

vlfe;k [kaM] 46

bUiqbZ] 41

dh fo'ks"krk,a] 46

bjkoYyk] 60

vlqjh] 66

b#yk] 41

vlwphc¼ Hkk"kk,a] 21] 64

byhxkl] 41

vlwj] 41 vfLrRo osQ fl¼kUr] 79

mfM+;k] 9] 28] 29

vfgjk.kh] 41

mÙkjh caxky] 66] 67

vfgjkuh] 27 vgkse] 22

dh ladVkiUu Hkk"kk,a] 67 meyMax&[kklh] 42 mEuk;Rej] 42

vkaf'kd Hkk"kk;h vf/xzg.k] 9

mjyh] 42

vkvks] 41

mnwZ] 22] 42] 67

vkpk;Z] bUnzuhy] 63&65] 67 vkfnoklh vdkneh] 6] 31] 47

,- csax] 41

vkfnoklh Hkk"kk] 7] 21] 27] 28] 41] 48] 62] 65&67] ,dukFk] 20 69] 70 ,sVu vkvks] 41 vkWiQ eSuh ghjksT+k] 69 ,fiQULVu] ekmaV LVqvVZ] 10 vkÝVj ,Euhf'k;k % VªsMh'ku ,.M psat bu bf.M;u , iQksusfVd jhMj ,.M xzkej vkWiQ iqjdh] 58

Hindi Book.indd 106

7/13/2017 12:11:29 PM

'kCn&vuqØef.kdk • 107

,eksy] 41

dgkuh]

,fyl] izQkafll] 2

dh dgkuh] 72&75

,Fkuksyksx laLFkk] 7] 9

osQ pkj rÙo] 74

,oh] 41

dPNkokxjh] 41 dPNh] 41

vksaxs] 42

dV~Vwuk;dk] 41

vksfM+;k] 41

dMkok] 41

vksMh] 42

drkj&xMck] 41

vksMh;k] 42

duk"kh] 41

vksjkax@oqQMqjo] 42

dUuM+] 9] 22] 41

vksfj;aV CySdLoku] 70

dU;kd] 41

vksyfpdh] 22

dIisgksys;k] 41

vksykj&xnck] 42

djsu] 41

vkSifuosf'kd dky] 5] 14] 20] 71

dYjk;ueyk;yh] 41

Hkkjrh; jpukvksa dk eqæ.k] 14

d'rokbZ] 50

dh LowQyh f'k{k.k O;oLFkk] 20

dkaXM+h] 41 dknj] 41] 60

dFkk lkfgR;] 79&81

dkcqbZ] 41

dFkkokjh] 49

dkjch] 56

dFkkyh] 41

dkydjh] 41

dFkksM+h] 41

dk'ehjh] 41

dFkksifu"kn] 76

fdrsu'kukx] 54

ckyd ufposQrk dh dFkk] 76&77

fdukSjh] 41

dfuDdju] 41

fdikjldh] ikWy] 59

dchj] 20] 77

fdlku] 41] 66

dchZ] 41

fdLrokjh] 41

dekjh] 41

oqaQphdksjok] 42

dgywjh] 41

oqQbZ] 42

Hindi Book.indd 107

7/13/2017 12:11:29 PM

108


oqQbZ@ oqQoh] 42] 67

dksVyh] 41

oqQ#ack] 42

dksVk] 41

oqQduk] 42

dksMksvDdk] 41

oqQdh] 42] 58

dksrokyh] 41

oqQtkyh] 42

dksupkd] rk'kh] 51

oqQMekyh] 42

dksU;kd] 41

oqQMh;k] 41

dks;jsax] 41

oqQMq[k] 42

dks;k] 41] 67

oqQfi;k] 42

dksjowQ] 41

oqQcjuhV~l] 81

dksjxk] 41

oqQekmuh] 42

dksjckax] 63

oqQjkck] 41

dksjckWx] 41

oqQ#[k] 22

dksjok] 41

oqQ#ph;k] 42

dksjk] 41

oqQyqM] 42

dksjk@dksMk] 41

oqQYyqbZ] 42

dksjkok] 41

oqQoh] 42

dksy?kk] 41

osQdkMh] 41

dksyfjt] lSeqvy Vsyj] 81

osQFkh] 22

nh ,fU'k,.V esfjuj] 81

osQisUx] 41

dksy&g;ke] 41

osQUnzh; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk laLFkku (lhvkbZ,y)] eSlwj] 11] 52

dksykeh] 41

dksad.kh] 41

dksyh] 41

dksaMk] 41 dksd~cjkd] 41 dksdcksjksd] 61] 62 dksp] 56 dkspdksj] 41

Hindi Book.indd 108

dksfyekyk] 41 dksYgkVh] 41 dks'kkyh@lEcyiqjh] 41 dksgkjh] 41 dkSa/] 41 dkSczw] 41

7/13/2017 12:11:29 PM

'kCn&vuqØef.kdk • 109

dkSe] 41

[kSEuhMxku] 41

dkSej@igsfj;k] 41

[kkstdh] 22

dkSj] mins'k] 49] 50

[kksjBk] 41

dkSjoh] 41

[kksfgLrkuh] 41

dkSy] vksadkj ,u-] 38] 47 dkSy] izhre] 49] 50

xM+ck] 41

dkSyh] Mh-] 56

xM~Mh] 41

D;ksabZ] 42

xks] 42

dh Hkk"kkvksa ij [k.M] 51 vkSj Jhuxj dh cSBd] 49&50

Vadjh] 22

tEew&d'ehj dyk] laLÑfr ,oa Hkk"kk ,osQMeh] 49

Vykslk;] 42

tEew dk;Z'kkyk] 50

VsYdh [kMh;k] 42

tk¡xyhu] 42

VSxksj] jchUnzukFk] 72

tkxjksrh] 41

VSyh lkÝVos;j] 23

tkrdh] 41

VksVks] 42] 65] 67

tkjok] 41 tkYnk] 67

Bkdjh] 42

thoUr Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk,a] 6] 7] 43

Bkeh] 42

tsrw] 41 tksÅ] 22

MisQj] 41

tksUl] fofy;e] 2] 13&15

Mjax&[kklh] 41

dk Hkk"kk losZ{k.k] 13&15

Mkaxh] 41

tksgjh] 41

Mkjyksax] 41

tkSuiqjh] 41

MkWyfiQuksa dh Hkk"kk] 73

tkSulkjh] 41

fMaxy] 41

Tnkserh] 41

fMnkbZ] 41

Tokax] 41

Mqaxjk Hkhyh] 41 Mwaxjh Hkhyh] 27

Nijcan] 41

Mksxjk vDd[kj] 22 Mksxjh] 41] 49] 50

Hindi Book.indd 111

7/13/2017 12:11:29 PM

112


MksXcjh] 41

rkaXlkjsjk] 42

Mkseks@xksuk] 41

rkaXlkgkoqQu] 42

MksyhZ] 41

rkaXlkgklhax] 42 rkxhu] 42

Prastavna: Bhashaka Svatva, Volume 1, Part 1 (Hindi) - Bhartiya Bhasha Lok Sarvekshan (BBLS) [1, 1 ed.] 9780301068954

Recommend Documents