Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on January 5, 2018 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: January 18, 1983 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1983-0207.pr001
PREFACE THIS V O L U M E IS BASED on the 1982 Winter Symposium. Following recent tradition, this Winter Symposium was organized to provide a forum for expression of new ideas and new research approaches. This volume discusses the fundamentals of biotechnology; that is, kinetics and thermodynamics in biological systems. State-of-the-art keynote chapters by established researchers are employed to provide the proper perspective and direction. Other chapters present new, less settled research approaches. In the last few years biotechnology has grown tremendously in scope and significance, both as an active research area and as an industrial activity. There has also been a clear trend toward the exploration of the most sophisticated aspects of biological growth: tissue cultures, active biomolecules, antitumor compounds, chemical feedstocks from biomass, and gene cloning, to mention only a few. This trend has been accompanied by the increased use of computers in the design and control of the biological reactor. The explosive growth of the field and the use of computers have magnified, however, a fact that had been realized for quite some time by a few. That is, that the kinetics and thermodynamics of biochemical reactions and biological growth are understood only primitively. We should remind ourselves that biological systems are immensely more complicated than the nonbiological systems upon which most of chemical technology is based. We should not forget that until quite recently there were relatively few active investigators in biotechnology throughout the world, and that most of these were microbiologists by training. This has changed dramatically, however, as biotechnology has become a common word among biochemists, cell geneticists, molecular biologists, gene doners, engineers, protein chemists, and others. In preparing this book, we strived to stress two things: • the interdisciplinary nature of biotechnology. We thus made every effort to bring together prominent researchers from both the life sciences and biochemical engineering. • the need to examine the fundamentals of biotechnology more systematically and vigorously. We believe that no structure can grow well and last long without good foundations. ix
Blanch et al.; Foundations of Biochemical Engineering ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1983.
Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on January 5, 2018 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: January 18, 1983 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1983-0207.pr001
The topics in this volume represent both keynote chapters and chapters on new research. They have been arranged in six sections, such that each section builds on the preceding one. The volume begins with an examina tion of fundamental biochemical events in the cells. It proceeds with the examination of the interaction of the biochemical events that constitute the growth of an individual cell; then it examines homogeneous and hetero geneous cell populations. The book continues with thermodynamic aspects of biological growth, and ends with the application of all of the above to bioreactor design. Obviously, completeness has been sacrificed to diversity. We felt that the examination of the interactions among these fundamental aspects was more important than looking in depth at only a few of these aspects. Most of you would agree that ongoing research is a vital and exciting process, consisting of active and often heated interactions of data, ideas, and minds. We hope that the readers of this book will feel that they are participating in this process. In putting together the symposium on which this book is based, we relied on the judgement, help, and advice of many colleagues, to whom we express our sincere thanks. We also thank the organizing committee of the Winter Symposia of the Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry and, in particular, the former chairman of the committee, Nicholas A . Peppas. Thanks are also due to R. W. Eltz, chairman of the Division of Microbial and Biochemical Technology of the American Chemical Society, joint sponsor of the symposium. We are sincerely indebted to Steve Drew of Merck, Sharp & Dohme Research Labora tories for bringing us the private sector's views on the symposium's theme. HARVEY W. BLANCH
University of California Berkeley, CA E. TERRY PAPOUTSAKIS
Rice University Houston, TX GREGORY STEPHANOPOULOS
California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA June 1, 1982
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Blanch et al.; Foundations of Biochemical Engineering ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1983.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Financial assistance for the 1982 Winter symposium was received from National Science Foundation and Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on January 5, 2018 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: January 18, 1983 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1983-0207.pr001
Abbott Laboratories Beckman Instruments, Inc. Becton Dickinson and Company Carnation Company Chevron Research Company E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc. Eastman Kodak Company Exxon Research and Engineering Company General Mills, Inc. Gist-Brocades N V Research & Development Glaxo Operations U K Limited W. R. Grace & Company Gulf Research and Development Company Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc. Kraft, Inc. Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories Monsanto Company PPG Industries, Inc. Pfizer, Inc. Phillips Petroleum Company The Procter and Gamble Company Stauffer Chemical Company Syntex Corporation Weyerhaeuser Company
Blanch et al.; Foundations of Biochemical Engineering ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1983.
