Special Issue Preface pubs.acs.org/JPCC
Preface to Special Issue on Current Trends in Clusters and Nanoparticles
T
Table 2. List of Invited Talks in ISSPIC-17
his themed issue in The Journal of Physical Chemistry C on Current Trends in Clusters and Nanoparticles includes invited papers collected on the occasion of the 17th International Symposium on Small Particles and Inorganic Clusters (ISSPIC-17) held on September 7−12, 2014 in Fukuoka, Japan. One of the aims of this preface is to introduce the historical background and role of ISSPIC in nanoscience. The ISSPIC conference started in 1976 in Lyon, inspired by pioneers in nanophysics such as Jean Farges, Jacques Friedel, Walter Knight, Ryogo Kubo, and Bernhardt Mühlschlegel. The ISSPIC conference has been held every two years after the ISSPIC-4 in 1988 (Table 1) and has evolved into one of the leading international conferences on nanoscience. The central subject of the early series of ISSPIC symposiums was fundamental studies on the finite-size effects of atomic and molecular clusters with an emphasis on the physical aspects. Thanks to the development of new experimental and theoretical methods, a variety of remarkable size-specific phenomena have been reported in both physics and chemistry and have been analyzed to understand their microscopic origins. For example, the development of cluster production methods and mass spectrometry has unveiled magic numbers of clusters due to the closure of electronic and/or geometric structure(s),1 leading to the establishment of the concepts of electron shell closing based on the jellium model2 and superatoms.3 It has been established that various physicochemical (magnetic, optical, chemical, and thermal) properties of metal clusters deviate significantly from their bulk counterparts and evolve dramatically as a function of size, as exemplified by the metal−insulator transition.4 During this scientific development, the community has come to share two catchphrases: “small is different”5 and “every atom counts”.6 It was on
Resolving the atomic structure and meta-stability of size-selected gold clusters Quantum chemical molecular dynamics (QM/MD) simulations of nucleation, growth and healing processes of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphenes Total structures of atomically precise gold nanoclusters and beyond Water clusters: thermal behavior and electron solvation Nanoparticles and clusters from doped He nanodroplets Meteoric smoke nanoparticles and clouds in upper planetary atmospheres Cluster assemblies as novel nanoscale materials with tunable properties Mass spectrometric investigations of nanoparticles: from small liganded metal nanoclusters to large nanoparticles assemblies Effects of electronic and geometric structure on the activity of size-selected model catalysts and electrocatalysts Plasmonic property of multidimensional self-assembled metallic nanoparticles Gold and silver in nanoscale, dispersed by ligands to molecular precision Density functional theory investigations of gold and silver nanoparticle properties Motions of individual biomolecular motors probed by gold nanoparticle and nanorod Metal−polymer nanocomposites produced by supersonic cluster beam implantation with tunable electrical, optical and mechanical properties Switching, tunneling, and superconductivity in percolating cluster films Photophysical properties of supramolecular nanostructures in gas-phase The 3D-architecture of individual free silver nanoparticles captured by X-ray scattering Tuning cluster functionality by size and composition Clusters as model systems for catalysis Concluding remarks and perspectives
Table 1. History of ISSPIC ISSPIC1 ISSPIC2 ISSPIC3 ISSPIC4 ISSPIC5 ISSPIC6 ISSPIC7 ISSPIC8 ISSPIC9 ISSPIC10 ISSPIC11 ISSPIC12 ISSPIC13 ISSPIC14 ISSPIC15 ISSPIC16 ISSPIC17
year
venue (city, country)
1976 1980 1984 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014
Lyon, France Lausanne, Switzerland Berlin, Germany Aix-en-Provence, France Konstanz, Germany Chicago, USA Kobe, Japan Copenhagen, Denmark Lausanne, Switzerland Atlanta, USA Strasbourg, France Nanjing, China Göteborg, Sweden Valladolid, Spain Oaxacá, Mexico Leuven, Belgium Fukuoka, Japan
© 2015 American Chemical Society
Richard Palmer Keiji Morokuma
Rongchao Jin Bernd von Issendorff Paul Scheier Thomas Leisner Shiv Khanna Rodolphe Antoine
Scott Anderson
Kaoru Tamada Hannu Häkkinen Christine Aikens Ryota Iino Paolo Milani
Simon Brown Manfred Kappes Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer Peter Lievens Thorsten Bernhardt Vlasta Bonačić-Koutecký
September 12, 1990 during ISSPIC-5 held in Konstanz, Germany when one of the first historical reports on largeSpecial Issue: Current Trends in Clusters and Nanoparticles Conference Published: May 21, 2015 10795
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b02501 J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 10795−10796
Special Issue Preface
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
Small is Different: Shape-, Size-, and Composition-Dependent Properties of Some Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals. Acc. Chem. Res. 2004, 37, 326. (6) (a) Heiz, U.; Sanchez, A.; Abbet, S.; Schneider, W.-D. Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide on Monodispersed Platinum Clusters: Each Atom Counts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3214. (b) Landman, U. Materials by Numbers: Computations as Tools of Discovery. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005, 102, 6671. (7) Slanina, Z. ISSPIC-5 in Konstanz in 1990: Announcements of the C60 Preparation and Its Structure Confirmation. Int. J. Hist. Eth. Natur. Sci. Technol. Med. NTM 2001, 9, 41. (8) Whetten, R. L.; Khoury, J. T.; Alvarez, M. M.; Murthy, S.; Vezmar, I.; Wang, Z. L.; Stephens, P. W.; Cleveland, C. L.; Luedtke, W. D.; Landman, U. Nanocrystal Gold Molecules. Adv. Mater. 1996, 8, 428.
scale production of C60 was presented by Richard Smalley and Wolfgang Krätschmer.7 The explosive growth in materials science of nanocarbons after this discovery has convinced us that chemistry plays a role in the utilization of clusters as a functional unit of novel materials. Indeed, as an extension of single element clusters, the physics and chemistry of composite clusters consisting of two or more elements have attracted attention with regards to cluster functionality. Furthermore, ligand-protected metal clusters, which are now rapidly attracting growing research interest, were already discussed in 1994 at ISSPIC-7.8 Recently, cluster-based materials, including supported clusters, protected clusters, and cluster composites, have gained much attention in basic science as well as in practical applications. ISSPIC has provided an interdisciplinary forum for presentation and discussion of the fundamental and technological developments in these fields. Table 2 is a list of the invited talks given at ISSPIC-17, thus illustrating the diversity of topics and richness of the science discussed in this forum. We believed that it was an opportune moment to collect papers concerning clusters and nanoparticles encompassing a wide range of fields not only from the participants of ISSPIC-17 but also from researchers all over the world. We appreciate the authors who accepted our invitation and made a great contribution to this special issue. The topics cover structure, dynamics, and physicochemical properties of atomic and molecular clusters and nanoparticles, isolated in vacuum, supported or embedded in solids, and protected by ligands. We hope that the contents of the present issue will enthuse the readers of J. Phys. Chem. C by providing vivid snapshots of current research trends and innovative applications in the newly emerging science and technologies of clusters, nanoparticles, and nanostructures. We hope to share and discuss many exciting topics in nanoscience at ISSPIC-18 which will be held in Jyväskylä, Finland in August of 2016.
Tatsuya Tsukuda Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo
Akira Terasaki Department of Chemistry, Kyushu University
Atsushi Nakajima
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Department of Chemistry, Keio University
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the Japan World Exposition 1970 Commemorative Fund, Tokuyama Science Foundation, Kyushu University, and Fukuoka Convention and Visitors Bureau for their financial support of ISSPIC-17. We are grateful to Professor Rongchao Jin who helped us in proposing the theme issue to J. Phys. Chem. Finally, we appreciate Professor George C. Schatz, Editor-in-Chief, and Professor Gregory Hartland, Senior Editor, for their efforts in publishing this special issue.
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REFERENCES
(1) Martin, T. P.; Bergmann, T.; Göhlich, H.; Lange, T. Shell Structure of Clusters. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 6421. (2) Cohen, M. L.; Chou, M. Y.; Knight, W. D.; de Heer, W. A. Physics of Metal Clusters. J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 3141. (3) Castleman, A. W., Jr.; Khanna, S. N. Clusters, Superatoms, and Building Blocks of New Materials. J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 2664. (4) von Issendorff, B.; Cheshnovsky, O. Metal to Insulator Transitions in Clusters. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2005, 56, 549. (5) (a) Landman, U.; Luedtke, W. D. Small is Different: Energetic, Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Passivated Nanocluster Assemblies. Faraday Discuss. 2004, 125, 1. (b) El-Sayed, M. A. 10796
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b02501 J. Phys. Chem. C 2015, 119, 10795−10796
