up to t,he laws of conservation, definite and multiple proportions, the author builds ball and stick models of simple molecule5-CCL, HlOs and CO1-and expands these models in a later longer chapter to the classes of organic compounds. Almost all of these structures covered in some 50 pages shoold be well known to the chemistry teacher and the drawings are to he found in most textbooks, except, perhaps, for some "threedimensional" diagrams of geometric and stereoisomeru. A brief chapter deals with atomic orbital molecular models involving s and p orbitals and structures such as H1O and NHa. Not inclnded here but which would he of use to many presentations of modern chemistry are the more complex structrlrd representations of hybridiaation, multiple bonding, and electron delocalization, as in the ozone molecule. The most attractive part of the book is that dealing with aocrrate molecular and crystal models, where space-filling and sphere-and-dowel (a ball and stick variety) models are developed. Examples are HsO, P,, Ss, polyatomic ions, e.g., NO8-, complex ions, e.g., Cr(NHs),Cb'., and the unit cell and lattice representations of cubic close packing, body centered cubic, NaCl, CsCI, CaF,, graphite, diamond, and ice structures. Although the book is profusely illustrated, diagrams of "sliced" models of cubic close packing and body centered cubic would have been helpful here in "seeing" eighths, halves, etc. Following the crystal models is a final chapter of some quantitative applications of $he crystal models useful to the teacher 'who wishes to make B convincing presentation of crystal pstterns. Calcnlations of metal ntomio radii, alkali halide internuelectr distances, ionic radii, and radius ratios of ionio structures are explored with comparisons of calculated and otherwise reported values. The Appendix has tables of atomic, Van der Waal, ionic radii, and unit cell dimensions for ccp, bco, diamond, MX, MIX, and MX. crystals. Also in the Appendix is a listing of sources that snpply construction materialu, and a reference listing of standard texts on structural chemistry. Constrmtion details in the text descriptions and in the diagrams appear plentiful for successful results.
organization of each ohapter is best understood by a consideration of the chapter on niobium and tantalum. The known halides and oxyhalides of hoth metals are tabulated. Methods of preparation, physical properties, and structural information are d l presented in tabular form and discussed. No attempt is made to review exhaustively the simple adducts formed by the compounds (i.e., MX5.D, where D = donor group). Halides and oxyhalides of one oxidation state are placed together. The several oxidation states are taken up in order of decreasing oxidation number. The halometallrttes, e.g., compounds of NhF?, NbFa-, N h C k , NhCla2-, etc, and oxohlometallates, e.g., compounds of NbOClF, NbOCL-, NbOP-, etc., make up the second half of the chapter, again in order of decreasing oxidation number. Referencing starts anew with each chapter and includes the literature through 1966. An addenda adds new information up to March 1968. The 298 references to the niobium and tantalum chapter is placed immediately followingthe text of the chapter. An example of the completeness of information included may be estimated from reviewing the text on ZrF,. A table list,v 13 methods of preparation, with reference numbers. The thermodynamic properties of the eompormd are tabdated in two tables. The two polymorphs are compared with respect to preparation and structural relationship. The projection of the ZrF, struct~rrealong the c-axis is shown in a clear figure. A few errors are noted, some of which are the result of carelessness, others just oversight. For example the authors state the "direct chlorination of oxides has been well investigated for the transition metals of Groups IV to VII, inclusive." HANSB. JONASSEN Such is simply not so. Also from Table Tulane University 2.2 one learns that ZrOn can he converted N m Orleans. Louisiana 70118 to ZrCI. at elevated temperature, according to ref. 9. On page 103 of ref. 9 the dear statement read8 "chlorine alone does not Halides of the Transition Elernenlr. attack ZrO* appreciably a t any observed Halides of the Second and Third Row temperature." Transition Metals The thorough coverage and clear presentation of information combine to J . H. Canterford and R. Collon, Univermakc this hook a. valuable addition to the sity of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria. research library. I t is required reading John Wiley & Sons h e . , New York, for anvone startine out in the field. It is a 1968. xxx 409 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $15.95. G s o n ~ l rMARTINS Newton Junior College This volume is a carefully-planned and Newtaville, dlassachuselts well-executed monograph on the title S. Y. TYREE,JR. subject. k., a worker in the field this College of William and M a y reviewer can testify that the authors Williamsburg, V i r ~ i n i a25185 have covered the literature very well. In fact oxyhdides and halometsllllste and Reaclions of TmnsitionMetal Complexes oxohalometdlllate comnlexes are included J . P. Candlin, K . A. Taylor, and D. T . Thompson, Imperial Chemical IndusPrinciples of Modern tries, Ltd., Petrochemical and Polymer Helerocyclic Chemistry reviews. General preparative techniques Laboratory, The Heath, Runcorn, CheLeo A. Pquette, Ohio State University, and physical properties of the fluorides shire (England), American Elsevier Columbus. W. A. Benjamin, Inc., are the subjects of Chapter 1. The other Publishing Ca., New York (1968). xvi 401 pp. Figs. New York, 1968. xiv halides are discussed together in Chapter 483 pp. $30. and tables. 14.5 X 22 cm. $11.95. 2. Chapter 3 considers "closter comWritten by three research scientists who pounds." Each suoceeding chapter re Certainly the author has done the right have been active in the field of transition capitdates in detail the present state of thing; he bas described heterocyclic ring metalorganic complexes practically since knowledge for a pair of metals, zirconium systems from a. mechanistic approach, and its beginning, this hook is a comprehensive and hafnium, niobium and tantalum, review of this field. The compilation of . . . . , silver and gold. Group 111 t,he result is simply magnifiertnt. The literature references is practically commetal compounds are not included. The (Continued a page A628)
-
~
+
+
+
624
plete through the early part of 1967. The first of the three parts of this book considers the mechanisms of three of the important types of reactions of these complexes: substitution, combination, and Red-Ox. This area is covered in about 200 pages in a. manner which is all-inclusive. Its lack of selectivity makes this nmt therefore not as mod as some of the well-known text b o o k in this area. The second part reviews in about 200 pages the various reactions with organic and inorganic reagents such as hydrocarbons, organic halogens, CO, CN-, ORas well as H f , H-, Rap (As, Sh) and mole cules such as Hz,X., SOzand others. The third and shortest section (20 pages) deals with reactions by which stable and unstable new organic systems can he made and it includes metalloeene, carhenes, r-bonded heterocycles and many others. This book was written for research scient,ists in this area and presupposes an excellent chemistry background. This, depending upon one's point of view, may he an advantage or disadvantage but it makes it possible to leave out much of the theories and principles usually found in books of this type. It also produces a book full of a wealth of information and facts even for a reader with some familiaritv.. in this field. Maximum benefit from rhc comprehcn~ivrdimw-ions mn only he resiirod nftrr scvcrnl ronrcntrntd rcsdings. Even though this reviewer must mention the high price ($30) as a shortcoming this is a book which should be readily available to all working in this area. The format of the book is pleasing, typographical errors seem to be absent, and the reaction schemes, formulas, and structures are clearly presented.
/
Journal of Chemical Education
book reviews
It is a conventional introduction to the topic a t hand, with an extensive introduction to atomic structure, group theory (yes, again!), and d orbitals. It is directed primarily a t students, except in price. There is, unfortunately, neither a unique enough presentation nor s. unique enough collection of information to warrant anyone paying S1.50 for this t e x t book. It hurts to write this about a book w r i t ten by a friend, but then I'm chagrined to find little or no discussion of such topical matters as the Sugano-Shulman, FreemanWatson and related calculations, of the Ham effect, electronic transitions in the far ir, Zeeman studies, and the inclusion of so much detail on crystal field calculations to the exclusion of MO methods; one searches in vain for the names Wolfsberg and Helmholz, as well as for more recent variants of the procedures described by them. My criticism concerns the conception of the work, for the real interest in electronic 8pedl-a is its relation to electronic stmdure. One is then obligated to seek out complementary results obtained, particularly from paramagnetic resonance and static magnetic susceptibilities. For example, the trigonal field parameters v and v' are dincussed briefly, but certainly their values have been obtained as often by magnetic techniques as by spectroscopic. The relationships between the several methods are not discussed here. The last chapter presents a useful summary (110 pp, 342 references) of numerous d shell crystal field data with an interpretation. As an illustration of themethods for a student, it's too long for my taste, and it is not detailed enough to be of value to the research workers. The spectra. of the lanthanides and actinides are not discussed. tems.
question is, "has it been done far the right reason"? The reader, if a neophyte or veteran heterocycles chemist, will learn much from the text, and the research worker will be elated to find the extensive references. A textbook rightly titled "Principles of Modern Heterocyclic Chemistry" has been written, but for whom? The purpose of the W. A. Benjamin Organic Chemistry Monograph Series according to the Editor's Foreward is to furnish "monographs intended as supplements to a first-year organic text." The books "are designed to be read independently by the interested student and to lead him into the mrrent research liter* ture." To this end the text under review does not score because the approach is too sophisticated for first-year organic undergraduates. The author believes that "exposure of advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students.. . to fundamental heterocyclic system would seem to be highly desirable,'' and this book is to provide such an exposure. This text is highly recommended as an introduction to heterocyclic chemistry for graduate students and for senior undergraduates who might be interested in a research problem in the field. Faced with the fact that new heterocyclic ring systems are reported a t the rate of several hundred per year, how can the subject be best introduced? The Paquette mechanistic approach applied to a limited number of fundamental ring systems is the most logical way. Chapters 4-8 cover common five and six membered ring systems and the references sre about 30% pre-1950. The references of the other chapters: are only 5% pre-1950. Although each chapter is well written, the treatment of three and four-membered RICHARD L. CARLIN heterocycles is no less than superb, and University of Zllinois will long be a major reference in the field. at Chieago Cirde This book is one that every beginning and practicing heterocycles chemist will want to own. Introduction to Magnetochemistry In comparison with "The Principles of Heterocyclic Chemistry," by A. R. Alan Earnshaw, University of Leeds, Katritzky and J. M. Lagowski (THIS England. Academic Press, Inc., New 46, A201, 1969) and the text JOURNAL, 115 pp. Figs. and York, 1968. x under review, the insertion of "Modern" tables. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. 37s. Gd. seems highly in order. The KatritekyThe stated purpose of this short book is Lagowski text is chiefly a reference book to provide an introduction to the more that organizes heterocyclic chemistry, whereas, the Paquette book using the important aspects of magnetochemistry so as to give the beginner in the subject a mechanistic approach, vitalizes heterocyclic chemistry and backed with references general outline of the experimental techniques along with an account of the sort it will stimulate research in the field. of chemical information which they yield. CAMERON AINSWORTH Within this framework the author succeeds Colorado State University admirably. Perhaps the best point of this Fort Collins. Colorado 806921 book is its concise presentation of a collection of pragmatic information difficult for the beginner to find elsewhere. Inorganic Electronic Spectroscopy An introductory chapter discusses the fundamental magnetic behavior of matter, A . B. P. h e r , York University, ToCurie and Curie-Weiss laws, and diamagronto, Canada. American Elsevier netic corrections. Chapter I1 develops Publishing Co., New York, 1968. xii the electronic theories of diamagnetism and 420 pp. Figs. and tables. 15.5 paramagnetism of free atoms and ions X 23 em. $31.50. from a classical model. Russell-Saunders First things first: despite the title, this and j j coupling are described well in this book is devoted to the electronic spectra. of chapter. transition metal ions, and is not concerned The valence bond and crystd field with the spectra of other inorganio sysapproaches to the electronic structures of
+
+
A628
/
Journal of Chemiml Edumiion
transition metal complexes m e reviewed in Chapter 111. The quenching of orbital contribution in transition metal complexes is described and the spin-only formula is introduced. In C h a ~ t e rI V the mametic oronerties of transitcon metal eomple&es are discussed in a sophisticated fmhion. Term ~plittings, Orgel diagrams and TanabRSugano diagrams are employed to describe the electronic structures of metal complexes. The effect of spin-orbit coupling on the ground terms and the second order Zeeman effect are treated well in this chapter. An additional theoret,icd chapter deals with theselected topics of second and third row transit,ion metal complexes, antiferromagnetism, and spin free-spin paired equilibria. Finally along and useful chapter is devoted to an introduction to the measurement and int,erpretation of magnetic properties. The major use of this well-written book will be as a guide for the beginner in magnetochemistry, perhaps a t the advanced undergraduate or firsbyesr graduate level. Experienced researchers with access to more sophisticated reviews and texts will have little need for this book except as a pedagogical aid. &
.
F. L. URB.ACH Case Western Reserve University Clevehd, Ohio 4.6106 Dangerous Properties of Industrid Materials
N . lruing Saz, New York State Health Department, Albany. 3rd ed. Reinhold Rook Corp., New York, 1968. 1251 pp. Figs. and tables. 17.5 vii X 25 om. $35.
+
Previous editions of "Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials" have established this book as the best single reference for dangerous industrid materials. The addition of another 2000 materials, correction of errors in earlier editions, and the improved crogs references, make this new edition even mare useful. Chemical Safety Data sheets from the Manufacturing Chemists Association, Hygienic Guides from the American Industrial Hygiene Association, 8hd the Fire Protection Guide on Hazardous Materials by the National Fire Protection Association, d l give more detailed data on dangerous industrial materials and should be used when the material in which one is interested is listed. The disadvantage of these sources is that the chemical industry is growing very rapidly and many dangerous industrial chemicals in large volume use are not covered by these sources. In order to use properly the section on General Chemicals in "Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials" the reader should become thoroughly versed with the first eleven sections and in many cases with the references listed a t the end of these sections. The sections an Toxicology, Industrial Air Contaminant Control, Repiratory Protection and Personal Hygiene, Control
(Continued on page A630)
