Probing and Quantifying the Food-Borne Pathogens and Toxins: From

Jan 17, 2018 - Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, People's Repu...
4 downloads 7 Views 771KB Size
Subscriber access provided by READING UNIV

Perspective

Probing and Quantifying the Food-Borne Pathogens and Toxins: From in vitro to in vivo Jing-Min Liu, Zhi-Hao Wang, Hui Ma, and Shuo Wang J. Agric. Food Chem., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05225 • Publication Date (Web): 17 Jan 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on January 17, 2018

Just Accepted “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides “Just Accepted” as a free service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. “Just Accepted” manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. “Just Accepted” manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are accessible to all readers and citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). “Just Accepted” is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the “Just Accepted” Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the “Just Accepted” Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these “Just Accepted” manuscripts.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.

Page 1 of 25

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

1

Probing and Quantifying the Food-Borne Pathogens and

2

Toxins: From in vitro to in vivo

3

Jing-Min Liu, Zhi-Hao Wang, Hui Ma, and Shuo Wang*

4

Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine,

5

Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China

6

7

*Corresponding author

8

(Shuo Wang) Mail to: No.94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.

9

Email: [email protected]; Tel: +86-22-85358445

1 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

10

ABSTRACT

11

Development of real-time and in situ analytical methods for determination of

12

food-borne pathogens and toxins ingested into human body would be a promising

13

research direction in the food safety area. The present review starts with

14

summarization of the up-to-date progress of the nanomaterial-assisted in vitro

15

detection methods for pathogens and toxins, and finally focused on application of

16

animal bioimaging to in vivo study, including prospective strategies for in vivo

17

quantification of target pathogens or toxins and in vivo investigation of their behaviors

18

inside the living body, with the assistance of real-time and non-invasive optical

19

bioimaging. This review provides the advisory direction for food-safety research,

20

from in vitro to in vivo, along with a prospective discussion of the further

21

development roadmap of the food-safety detection techniques, especially the

22

bioimaging-guided methods for investigation and mediation of food contamination

23

effect to human health.

24 25

KEYWORDS: food-borne toxins, pathogens, in vivo detection, nanomaterials,

26

bioimaging

27

2 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 2 of 25

Page 3 of 25

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

28

INTRODUCTION

29

In recent years, food safety has become a challenging field and emerged as a major

30

threat to public health world-widely, with the increasing demand of minimizing the

31

occurrence of food-borne diseases.1 With the globalization of economy, rapid

32

movement of people and international trade have increased the risk of food-borne

33

diseases, generally caused by the consumption of contaminated food or water.2

34

Therein, food contamination could be partly ascribed to the exposure to pathogens

35

through water, air, and contact with soil, fertilizer, and the food processing

36

environment, from raw material production to final consumption.

37

As a global priority, efficient identification and quantification of food-borne

38

pathogens and toxins (sterigmatocystin, aflatoxin, ochratoxin, etc.) has come to be a

39

general research topic. Great effort has been made on the fabrication of rapid,

40

sensitive, and selective analytical methods to quantify harmful substances in food

41

products, including the fluorescence sensing, colorimetric detection, electrochemical

42

sensing, chromatographic separation, and immunoassays.3 With the increase of

43

diversity and complexity of the food-borne toxins, researchers are urged to know the

44

specific actions of pathogens and toxins when ingested into the living body. Purely

45

quantifying the concentrations or levels of pathogens or toxins in a certain sample

46

provides limited information in vivo.

47

Development of real-time and in situ analytical methods for sensitive and selective

48

determination of food-borne pathogens and toxins ingested into human body would be

49

the promising research direction in the food safety area, so as to clarify the harmful 3 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

50

action mechanism inside the human body. Real-time and in situ analytical methods

51

could not only improve business efficiency owing to the faster release of products

52

without waiting for the results of time-consuming tests, but also clarify the harmful

53

action mechanism inside the human body through in situ collecting the information of

54

pathogen behaviors. Compared with the conventional in vitro detection methods

55

mentioned as determination of the target analytes in certain food or biological samples,

56

optical imaging technology with real-time monitoring and non-damage detection

57

ability appears as the advanced methodology for probing the toxins. Nanophosphors

58

with excellent optical property and biocompatibility, such as persistent luminescence

59

nanophosphors (PLNPs),4 quantum dots (QDs),5 carbon nanodots (CDs),6 and

60

upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs),7 were introduced as ideal contrast agents for in

61

vivo bioimaging and the functional nanoprobes to specific recognition of the target

62

pathogens or toxins inside the living body with the assistance of antibody or aptamer.

63

Nanomaterial-involved bioimaging would open up a new way for probing the

64

food-borne toxins via the involvement of bioimaging, and broaden the methodology

65

development for food safety investigation based on the advanced functional

66

nanomaterials.

67

The present review starts with the up-to-date progress of the nanomaterial-assisted

68

in vitro detection methods for food-borne pathogens and toxins, and finally focused

69

on application of animal bioimaging to in vivo probing the target pathogens or toxins.

70

This review provides the advisory direction for food-safety research, from in vitro to

71

in vivo, along with a prospective discussion of the further development roadmap of 4 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 4 of 25

Page 5 of 25

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

72

the food-safety detection techniques, especially the bioimaging-guided methods for

73

investigation and mediation of food contamination effect to human health. (Figure 1)

74

IN VITRO DETERMINATION OF FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS AND TOXINS

75

Detection of food-borne pathogens by conventional approaches generally involves

76

microorganism identification by morphological evaluation through selective

77

enrichment, biochemical analysis, and serological confirmation. Common methods

78

for detection of pathogens or toxins are mainly polymerase chain reaction (PCR),

79

enzyme

80

chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS), and morphological and

81

biochemical characterization.8, 9 In a typical assay, a simple and specific primer-probe

82

system based on a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was fabricated to detect

83

Anisakis simplex parasite in seafood, realizing selective and sensitive determination of

84

trace parasite in marine products with a detection limit of 40 ppm.10 Reverse phase

85

liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC–

86

ESI/MS) was applied to identify and quantify enterotoxins A and B from complex

87

food samples with achieved detection limit of 0.5 g and 0.2 g, respectively.11

88

Combination of intact cell immune-capture with liquid chromatography−tandem mass

89

spectrometry has been proved to be effective for detecting Yersinia pestis in milk

90

samples, of which the sensitivity was better than that of ELISA analysis.12

linked

immunosorbent

assay

(ELISA),

high

performance

liquid

91

Although the above conventional analytical methods have been extensively studied

92

and widely applied in food-safety inspection, these classical analytical approaches, to

93

some extent, were limited by the insufficient sensitivity and reproducibility, 5 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

94

time-consuming steps, the requirements of highly qualified staff and complex

95

operation, and huge economic investment. In recent years, functional nanomaterials

96

with submicron-sized dimensions and unique physiochemical properties have opened

97

up new horizons for food safety inspection and generated a large number of detection

98

methods with improved analytical performance.9, 13 The functional nanomaterials for

99

the detection of food contamination are at the heart of the effective sensing in terms of

100

signal-readout because they impact the sensitivity of quantification, recognition

101

selectivity and specificity, simplicity and speed, as well as overall quality and

102

robustness of the detection performance.

103

QDs are typical small semiconductor particles with size ranging from 2 to 10 nm

104

that can emit light ranging from ultraviolet to infrared.14 Quantum confinement effect

105

originated from the nanometer size has endowed QDs with outstanding electro-optical

106

properties, such as high quantum yields, long fluorescence lifetimes, large extinction

107

coefficients, broad absorption spectrum, narrow and symmetric size-tunable emission,

108

pronounced photostability, and strong resistance to photobleaching, all of which make

109

them advantageous over the traditional fluorophores for sensing applications.15

110

Upconversion nanoparticles are tunable optical luminescence nanomaterials, which

111

have many advantages over the traditional organic fluorophores, such as narrow

112

emission bandwidths and large anti-Stokes shifts.16 The UCNPs also provides an

113

antidote for the background effects of autofluorescence and light scattering, thereby

114

greatly improving the signal-to-background ratio and sensitivity of detection.17 There

115

is no obvious intensity loss in the long-term monitoring of the optical stability of 6 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 6 of 25

Page 7 of 25

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

116

UCNP-labeled targets, and low toxicity in vitro and in vivo makes them suitable for

117

bio-applications.

118

Plasmonic metal nanomaterials (PMNMs), typically gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)

119

and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have particular physical and chemical properties as

120

well as good biocompatibility. The most distinctive feature of PMNMs is localized

121

surface plasmon resonance (SPR), arising from the resonant oscillation of their free

122

electrons in the presence of light with a particular frequency.18 Due to their sensitive

123

spectral response to the local environment of nanoparticle surface and high density of

124

electromagnetic filed, PMNMs have great potential for the fabrication of sensing

125

platform, especially via the colorimetric and surface enhanced raman scattering

126

(SERS) methodology.19

127

Persistent luminescence nanophosphors are born with distinctive features, such as

128

long-lasting afterglow, low toxicity, and excellent biocompatibility, of which, most

129

importantly, the super-long persistent luminescence enable the PLNPs applied for

130

time-resolved fluorescence sensing in vitro as well as real-time bioimaging in vivo

131

without requiring any external simultaneous excitation of light sources.20, 21 Therefore,

132

PLNPs have attracted great attention as unique optical nanoprobes and opened up a

133

new research direction in the field of biological and biomedical research.

134

The above advanced functional nanomaterials can be combined with suitable

135

analytical methodologies and detection techniques to generate various advanced

136

analytical methods for food-borne pathogen and toxin detection. The emerging

137

nanomaterial-involved food-safety inspection methods include: sensitive and selective 7 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

138

fluorescence sensing utilizing quantum dots (high quantum yields, narrow and

139

symmetric size-tunable emission, pronounced photostability) and upconversion

140

nanoparticles (high signal-to-background ratio and sensitivity due to large anti-Stokes

141

shifts ),22,

142

nanomaterials (localized surface plasmon resonance effect),24 and highly sensitive and

143

in situ SERS methods using plasmonic metal nanomaterials,25 etc.

23

simple and rapid colorimetric detection using plasmonic metal

144

As the continuous increasing of food sample complexity and food contamination

145

variety, there are great demands for further development of analytical methods with

146

improvement on rapidness, sensitivity, specificity, robustness, and cost-effectiveness.

147

As for the rapidness, the conventional culture-based methods always involve cell

148

proliferation steps, which are usually carried out in laboratory conditions overnight.

149

The prolonged period to obtain results reflects cost-ineffectiveness and inconvenience,

150

especially for the food sample analysis that required high throughput and rapidness.

151

While integrated with advanced functional nanomaterials, nanosensing techniques

152

have demonstrated fast detection ability, and the target analytes can be detected within

153

minutes to hours without the need of bacterial culture and concentrating. As fast and

154

efficient detection of food-borne pathogens or toxins tends to be more practical that

155

could better satisfy the need of current customers and market, future effort would be

156

guided into generating portable, miniaturized, and high-throughput detection methods

157

or devices.

158

As for the sensitivity, because food-borne pathogens and toxins usually have a low

159

infectious dose and high health risk, detection methods possessing extremely low 8 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 8 of 25

Page 9 of 25

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

160

detection limit along with good reproducibility are always popular in food-safety

161

inspection. The use of nanoparticles will help to detect food-borne pathogens rapidly

162

and accurately with a low detection limit. Plasmonic nanoparticle-assisted SERS

163

detection is able to achieve extremely low detection limit, even to single molecule,

164

and the sensitivity could be further improved via involvement of nano-composite

165

materials.25-28 Nano-adsorbent based solid phase extraction coupled with optical or

166

chromatographic detection is another effective method to obtain high sensitivity. Due

167

to the high surface area of nanomaterials, like graphene,29 carbon nanotubes,30 and

168

nano-MOFs (metal-organic frameworks),31 selective preconcentration of target

169

analytes from complex food sample matrix was realizable and highly sensitive

170

detection of food-borne pathogens or toxins was achieved. Besides, incorporating

171

functional nanomaterials into the electrode or onto the electrode surface generated the

172

highly-performed

173

Nanomaterial modification would increase the surface area of electrode, in turn

174

improve conjugation and catalyze redox reactions, which eventually improve the

175

electric catalytic performance and sensitivity.

electrochemical

methods

for

food-safety

inspection.32-35

176

As for the specificity, immunoassay based on specific antibody-antigen reaction is

177

very popular in biosensing, including drugs, hormones, proteins and microorganisms.

178

The basic principle is that soluble antigens and corresponding antibodies interact with

179

each other, forming insoluble antigen-antibody complex precipitation. Immunoassay

180

have been developed to detect food-borne toxins with fluorescence immunoassay,

181

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and magnetic bead-based ELISAs.36 9 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

182

In addition to the antibody, aptamer has come to be an alternative specific probe,

183

widely used in the nanosensing platforms for food-safety inspection. Aptamers are

184

typical single stranded DNA or RNA molecules with high affinity and selectivity to

185

bind targets.37 Unlike the complementary sequence base pairs, the high affinity of

186

aptamers is related to the specific folding under the binding condition. Aptamers are

187

short oligonucleotides generally less than or equal to 10 kDa, selected for various

188

molecular ions, amino acids, proteins, virus and the pathogenic bacteria, plant or

189

animal cells.38 Due to high selectivity, affinity and stability, aptamers have been

190

utilized as effective recognition probe for fabrication of various sensing assays for

191

food safety inspection.

192

As for the robustness and cost-effectiveness, effort could be focused on the further

193

integration of nanostructures via one-pot preparation or green synthesis, like the

194

carbon nanomaterials (low cost and toxicity of the raw materials, green synthesis).

195

Besides, rapid detection assay based on the well-performed nanomaterials always

196

gives good reproducibility and repeatability to further improve the robustness of the

197

methodology.

198

IN VIVO PROBING FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS AND TOXINS

199

In the past few decades, huge effort has been made on the research and development

200

of in vitro identification and quantification of various food-borne pathogens and

201

toxins, with continuous progress on the improved accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity, and

202

speed. However, as the increase of diversity and complexity of the food-borne toxins,

203

people are urged to know the specific actions of pathogens and toxins when ingested 10 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 10 of 25

Page 11 of 25

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

204

into the living body, not limited to purely quantifying the pathogens or toxins in a

205

certain sample. Therefore, development of real-time and in situ analytical methods for

206

sensitive and selective determination of food-borne pathogens and toxins ingested into

207

human body would be the promising research direction in the food safety area.

208

Real-time and in situ analytical methods could provide more intuitive information in

209

vivo, in favor of clarifying the harmful action mechanism inside the human body and

210

generating guideline for prevention and therapy of disease.

211

Optical bioimaging technology, especially in vivo fluorescence imaging, have made

212

tremendous advance in serving as the noninvasive and nonionizing tool for highly

213

sensitive and real-time probing the life process inside the living body.39 In principle,

214

bioimaging techniques are realized by equipment of a sensitive camera and

215

appropriate filters to collect fluorescence emitted from the whole-body of living small

216

animals. With the assistance of imaging contrast agents, the well-established

217

fluorescence bioimaging is capable of visualizing biology in its intact and native

218

physiological state, widely applied in cancer diagnosis and human disease treatment.

219

However, there still existed some problems that hampered fluorescence bioimaging in

220

terms of the tissue penetration depth and signal-readout resolution, caused by the high

221

absorption, scattering, and intrinsic fluorescence by bio-entities or living tissues

222

almost across the whole electromagnetic spectrum.40 To overcome these limitations,

223

research efforts have been focused on development of advanced luminescent

224

nanomaterials as efficient contrast agents, named as nano-imaging methodology.41

225

Various nanophosphors with respective advantageous property have been introduced 11 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

226

as nanoprobes for in vivo nano-imaging, of which the most attractive nanophosphors

227

are QDs (high quantum yields, intense and tunable emission, ease of surface

228

modification, etc.), carbon nanodots (low toxicity, green synthesis, high stability, good

229

biocompatibility, etc.), UCNPs (anti-Stokes and NIR-activable luminescence, narrow

230

and intense emission, long lifetimes, low toxicity, superior photostability, etc.), and

231

PLNPs (super-long afterglow, in vitro excitation allowable and in vivo re-excitable

232

luminescence, superior structural stability and biocompatibility, low toxicity, ease of

233

surface functionalization, etc.). All these nanophosphors have been extensively

234

applied in in vivo bioimaging, including tumor targeting, molecule tracking, and drug

235

delivery.4, 42-45 In a typical assay, a multi-functional core-shell nanostructure, which

236

utilized Mn4+ and Ge4+ co-doped gadolinium aluminate PLNPs as the NIR

237

luminescence center and employed the gold nanoshell to enhance the luminescence,

238

was proposed for highly sensitive bioimaging of animal tumor, with excellent

239

biocompatibility and improved resolution.4 Based on above, it is expectable that

240

nanophosphor-assisted bioimaging with non-damage detection ability and real-time

241

monitoring holds great potential for in vivo probing the target pathogens or toxins

242

inside the living body, which would surely provide more reliable and in situ

243

information of in vivo actions and distributions of food-borne harmful substance.

244

The real-time and in situ bioimaging could be introduced to food-safety inspection,

245

including in vivo quantification of the target pathogens and toxins inside the living

246

body, probing their behaviors and distribution in vivo to further investigate the

247

pathogenesis, and bioimaging-guided drug-delivery to target infarction site for therapy. 12 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 12 of 25

Page 13 of 25

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

248

As there have been few examples of utilization of bioimaging for in vivo probing the

249

toxins or pathogens, herein we present several prospective research protocols of

250

bioimaging-assisted food-safety inspection, which are believed to be universal for

251

various food-borne pathogens or toxins investigation.

252

First, for in vivo quantification of the target food-borne pathogens or toxins,

253

fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based fluorescence on-off switch that

254

involving luminescent NPs as emission center and adsorption structure as quencher

255

can be well-established. FRET is a typical non-radioactive process with the energy

256

transferring from the fluorescent donor to the acceptor in a way of intermolecular

257

dipole-dipole coupling, which only happens when the intermolecular distance in

258

between is less than 10 nm and the overlap of emission spectrum of donor and

259

absorption spectrum of acceptor is over 30%.46 In FRET-based fluorescence on-off

260

switch, the energy acceptors (AuNPs, AuNRs, CuS, graphene, etc.) and donors (QDs,

261

UCNPs, PLNPs, etc.) are brought to an appropriate distance exclusively through the

262

specific recognition (antigen-antibody, DNA hybridization, biotin-avidin, etc.), then

263

the fluorescence are quenched accordingly. Presence of target analytes would separate

264

the emitter and quencher, and the FRET is inhibited to recover the fluorescence,

265

through which process the target analytes are determined. This FRET-based

266

fluorescence switch could be easily utilized in activable-bioimaging of target

267

pathogens or toxins in vivo. (Figure 2)

268 269

Second,

for in vivo probing

the

behaviors

of food-borne

pathogens,

nanophosphor-labelling would be an effective way. In the previous proof-of-concept 13 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

270

study, Cr3+-doped zinc gallogermanate (ZGGO) PLNPs with ultra-brightness, super

271

long afterglow, excellent biocompatibility, and low toxicity, was employed as targeted

272

contrast agents and optical nanoprobes for selective tagging the food probiotics,

273

Lactobacillus.42 Surface modification of PLNPs with antibody (Anti-Gram positive

274

bacteria LTA (lipoteichoic acid) antibody) ensured the success of in vitro labeling the

275

probiotics to form the PLNPs-probiotics conjugates, then treated with mice via oral

276

administration. The in vitro excitation of PLNPs ensured the highly sensitive and

277

long-term bioimaging in the living tissues, which eventually realized the tracing and

278

behavior monitoring of labeled bacteria inside the living body and probing the

279

bio-distribution in the gastrointestinal tract. The same procedure and methodology

280

could be applied for study of pathogens as well, through which the in vivo probing the

281

behaviors and tracking the distribution of pathogens would be achievable. (Figure 3)

282

Third, for bioimaging-guided in vivo drug-delivery to target pathogens and

283

infarction sites, nanophosphors integrated with specific layers that possess large

284

surface area (mesoporous silica, TiO2, metal-organic frameworks, covalent-organic

285

frameworks, carbon nanotubes, etc.) acted as the core-shell nanocarriers.

286

Nanophosphors were utilized as the emission core that provided the luminescence for

287

signal-readout during imaging, while drugs are loaded onto the nanocarrier surface via

288

interaction with the functional layers. Nanoimaging-guided in vivo drug delivery are

289

usually capable of effectively reducing the drug dosage, avoiding the possible damage

290

to normal tissues, and increase the precision of therapy. More importantly, it is

291

monitorable and controllable. (Figure 4) 14 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 14 of 25

Page 15 of 25

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

292

Taken together, in vivo probing methodology is believed to be the next-generation

293

research roadmap for food-safety inspection and food science development, illustrated

294

by the above three possible strategies for in vivo quantification of target pathogens or

295

toxins and in vivo investigation of their behaviors inside the living body, with the

296

assistance of real-time and non-invasive optical bioimaging. The bioimaging-guided

297

in vivo probing the target food-borne pathogens or toxins holds the great potential as

298

the innovative methodology to clarify the harmful action mechanism inside the human

299

body and reveal the scientific relationship between food science and human health,

300

with the final goal of further promoting the development of prevention and therapy of

301

food-borne diseases.

302

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

303

This work was supported by Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Project

304

(No.Z171100004517013), State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation

305

of China (No.31430068), and National Key Research and Development Program of

306

China (No.2016YFD0401202).

307

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

308

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

309

REFERENCES

310

(1) Romero-Gonzalez, R., Food safety: how analytical chemists ensure it. Anal.

311 312 313 314

Methods 2015, 7, 7193-7201. (2) Scognamiglio, V.; Arduini, F.; Palleschi, G.; Rea, G., Biosensing technology for sustainable food safety. Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. 2014, 62, 1-10. (3) Alocilja, E. C.; Radke, S. M., Market analysis of biosensors for food safety. 15 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

315 316

Page 16 of 25

Biosens. Bioelectron. 2003, 18, 841-846. (4) Liu, J.-M.; Liu, Y.-Y.; Zhang, D.-D.; Fang, G.-Z.; Wang, S., Synthesis of

317

GdAlO3:Mn4+,Ge4+@Au

318

near-infrared persistent luminescence for in vivo trimodality bioimaging. ACS

319

Appl. Mater. Inter. 2016, 8, 29939-29949.

320 321

core-shell

nanoprobes

with

plasmon-enhanced

(5) Gammon, D., Quantum dots: Strain is a problem no more. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012, 7, 621-622.

322

(6) Ding, H.; Yu, S.-B.; Wei, J.-S.; Xiong, H.-M., Full-color light-emitting carbon dots

323

with a surface-state-controlled luminescence mechanism. ACS Nano 2016, 10,

324

484-491.

325 326

(7) Haase, M.; Schäfer, H., Upconverting nanoparticles. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 5808-5829.

327

(8) Singh, A.; Poshtiban, S.; Evoy, S., Recent advances in bacteriophage based

328

biosensors for food-borne pathogen detection. Sensors 2013, 13, 1763-1786.

329

(9) Koedrith, P.; Thasiphu, T.; Tuitemwong, K.; Boonprasert, R.; Tuitemwong, P.,

330

Recent advances in potential nanoparticles and nanotechnology for sensing

331

food-borne pathogens and their toxins in foods and crops: Current technologies

332

and limitations. Sensor Mater. 2014, 26, 711-736.

333

(10) Lopez, I.; Pardo, M. A., Evaluation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction

334

(PCR) assay for detection of Anisakis simplex parasite as a food-borne allergen

335

source in seafood products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58, 1469-1477.

336

(11) Sospedra, I.; Soler, C.; Mañes, J.; Soriano, J. M., Rapid whole protein

337

quantitation

of

staphylococcal

enterotoxins

A

and

B

by

338

chromatography/mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 2012, 1238, 54-59.

liquid

339

(12) Chenau, J.; Fenaille, F.; Simon, S.; Filali, S.; Volland, H.; Junot, C.; Carniel, E.;

340

Becher, F., Detection of Yersinia pestis in environmental and food samples by

341

intact cell immunocapture and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

342

Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, 6144-52.

343

(13) Rotariu, L.; Lagarde, F.; Jaffrezic-Renault, N.; Bala, C., Electrochemical 16 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 17 of 25

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

344

biosensors for fast detection of food contaminants trends and perspective.

345

Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. 2016, 79, 80-87.

346 347 348 349

(14) Gill, R.; Zayats, M.; Willner, I., Semiconductor quantum dots for bioanalysis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 7602-7625. (15) Zrazhevskiy, P.; Sena, M.; Gao, X., Designing multifunctional quantum dots for bioimaging, detection, and drug delivery. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2010, 39, 4326-4354.

350

(16) Pan, W.; Zhao, J.; Chen, Q., Fabricating upconversion fluorescent probes for

351

rapidly sensing foodborne pathogens. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2015, 63,

352

8068-8074.

353

(17) Chen, Q.; Hu, W.; Sun, C.; Li, H.; Qin, O., Synthesis of improved upconversion

354

nanoparticles as ultrasensitive fluorescence probe for mycotoxins. Anal. Chim.

355

Acta 2016, 938, 137-145.

356

(18) Liu, J.-M.; Chen, J.-T.; Yan, X.-P., Near infrared fluorescent trypsin stabilized

357

gold nanoclusters as surface plasmon enhanced energy transfer biosensor and in

358

vivo cancer imaging bioprobe. Anal. Chem. 2013, 85, 3238-3245.

359 360

(19) Jans, H.; Huo, Q., Gold nanoparticle-enabled biological and chemical detection and analysis. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2012, 41, 2849-2866.

361

(20) Maldiney, T.; Bessière, A.; Seguin, J.; Teston, E.; Sharma, S. K.; Viana, B.; Bos,

362

A. J. J.; Dorenbos, P.; Bessodes, M.; Gourier, D.; Scherman, D.; Richard, C., The

363

in vivo activation of persistent nanophosphors for optical imaging of

364

vascularization, tumours and grafted cells. Nat. Mater. 2014, 13, 418-426.

365

(21) Pan, Z.; Lu, Y.-Y.; Liu, F., Sunlight-activated long-persistent luminescence in the

366

near-infrared from Cr3+-doped zinc gallogermanates. Nat. Mater. 2012, 11,

367

58-63.

368 369

(22) Li, J.-J.; Zhu, J.-J., Quantum dots for fluorescent biosensing and bio-imaging applications. Analyst 2013, 138, 2506-2515.

370

(23) Wu, S.; Duan, N.; Ma, X.; Xia, Y.; Wang, H.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, Q., Multiplexed

371

fluorescence resonance energy transfer aptasensor between upconversion

372

nanoparticles and graphene oxide for the simultaneous determination of 17 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

373

mycotoxins. Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 6263-6270.

374

(24) Wang, F.; Wang, L.; Chen, X.; Yoon, J., Recent progress in the development of

375

fluorometric and colorimetric chemosensors for detection of cyanide ions. Chem.

376

Soc. Rev. 2014, 43, 4312-4324.

377

(25) Granger, J. H.; Schlotter, N. E.; Crawford, A. C.; Porter, M. D., Prospects for

378

point-of-care pathogen diagnostics using surface-enhanced Raman scattering

379

(SERS). Chem. Soc. Rev. 2016, 45, 3865-3882.

380 381 382 383 384 385

(26) Wang, H.; Jiang, X.; Lee, S.-T.; He, Y., Silicon nanohybrid-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering sensors. Small 2014, 10, 4455-4468. (27) Han, X. X.; Zhao, B.; Ozaki, Y., Label-free detection in biological applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. 2012, 38, 67-78. (28) Dougan, J. A.; Faulds, K., Surface enhanced Raman scattering for multiplexed detection. Analyst 2012, 137, 545-554.

386

(29) Zhu, Y.; Murali, S.; Cai, W.; Li, X.; Suk, J. W.; Potts, J. R.; Ruoff, R. S.,

387

Graphene and graphene oxide: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Adv.

388

Mater. 2010, 22, 3906-3924.

389 390

(30) Perez-Lopez, B.; Merkoci, A., Carbon nanotubes and graphene in analytical sciences. Microchimica Acta 2012, 179, 1-16.

391

(31) Wu, Y. F.; Han, J. Y.; Xue, P.; Xu, R.; Kang, Y. J., Nano metal-organic framework

392

(NMOF)-based strategies for multiplexed microRNA detection in solution and

393

living cancer cells. Nanoscale 2015, 7, 1753-1759.

394 395 396 397

(32) Jacobs, C. B.; Peairs, M. J.; Venton, B. J., Review: Carbon nanotube based electrochemical sensors for biomolecules. Anal. Chim. Acta 2010, 662, 105-127. (33) Wang, Z. H.; Yu, J. B.; Gui, R. J.; Jin, H.; Xia, Y. Z., Carbon nanomaterials-based electrochemical aptasensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2016, 79, 136-149.

398

(34) Shao, Y. Y.; Wang, J.; Wu, H.; Liu, J.; Aksay, I. A.; Lin, Y. H., Graphene based

399

electrochemical sensors and biosensors: A review. Electroanal. 2010, 22,

400

1027-1036.

401

(35) Bahadir, E. B.; Sezginturk, M. K., Applications of graphene in electrochemical 18 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 18 of 25

Page 19 of 25

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

402

sensing and biosensing. Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. 2016, 76, 1-14.

403

(36) Wang, S.; Xu, Z. X.; Fang, G. Z.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, B.; Zhu, H. P., Development of

404

a biomimetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for the determination

405

of estrone in environmental water using novel molecularly imprinted films of

406

controlled thickness as artificial antibodies. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57,

407

4528-4534.

408 409

(37) Kim, Y. S.; Raston, N. H. A.; Gu, M. B., Aptamer-based nanobiosensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2016, 76, 2-19.

410

(38) Amaya-Gonzalez, S.; de-los-Santos-Alvarez, N.; Miranda-Ordieres, A. J.;

411

Lobo-Castanon, M. J., Aptamer-based analysis: A promising alternative for food

412

safety control. Sensors 2013, 13, 16292-16311.

413 414 415 416

(39) Smith, B. R.; Gambhir, S. S., Nanomaterials for in vivo imaging. Chem. Rev. 2017, 117, 901-986. (40) Tvrdy, K.; Strano, M. S., Nanoimaging: Image contrast using time. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012, 7, 8-9.

417

(41) He, X.; Wang, K.; Cheng, Z., In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of

418

cancer with nanoparticle-based probes. Wires. Nanomed. Nanobi. 2010, 2,

419

349-366.

420

(42) Liu, Y.; Liu, J.-M.; Zhang, D.; Ge, K.; Wang, P.; Liu, H.; Fang, G.; Wang, S.,

421

Persistent luminescence nanophosphor involved near-infrared optical bioimaging

422

for investigation of foodborne

423

proof-of-concept study. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2017, 65, 8229-8240.

probiotics biodistribution in vivo: A

424

(43) Li, Y.-J.; Yan, X.-P., Synthesis of functionalized triple-doped zinc gallogermanate

425

nanoparticles with superlong near-infrared persistent luminescence for long-term

426

orally administrated bioimaging. Nanoscale 2016, 8, 14965-14970.

427

(44) Wang, L.; Gao, C.; Liu, K.; Liu, Y.; Ma, L.; Liu, L.; Du, X.; Zhou, J.,

428

Cypate-conjugated porous upconversion nanocomposites for programmed

429

delivery of heat shock protein 70 small interfering rna for gene silencing and

430

photothermal ablation. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 3480-3489. 19 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

431 432

(45) Zhou, J.; Liu, Q.; Feng, W.; Sun, Y.; Li, F., Upconversion luminescent materials: Advances and applications. Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 395-465.

433

(46) Geissler, D.; Hildebrandt, N., Recent developments in Forster resonance energy

434

transfer (FRET) diagnostics using quantum dots. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2016,

435

408, 4475-4483.

436

20 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 20 of 25

Page 21 of 25

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

437

438

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of advanced nanomaterial-assisted analytical methods for

439

food contamination: from in vitro detection to in vivo probing.

440

21 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

441 442

Figure 2. Schematic illustration of FRET-based fluorescence on-off switch that involves

443

luminescence NPs as emission center and adsorption structure as quencher for in vivo

444

detection of food-borne pathogens or toxins.

445

22 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 22 of 25

Page 23 of 25

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

446

447

Figure 3. Schematic illustration of in vivo probing the behaviors and tracking the

448

distribution of pathogens based on nanophosphor-tagging and fluorescence bioimaging.

449

23 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

450 451

Figure 4. Schematic illustration of bioimaging-guided in vivo drug-delivery to target

452

pathogens and infarction site for therapy.

453

24 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

Page 24 of 25

Page 25 of 25

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

454

TOC Graphic

455 456

Prospective of further development roadmap of food-safety research, from in vitro to

457

in vivo, especially the bioimaging-guided method for investigation and mediation of

458

food contamination effect to human health.

25 ACS Paragon Plus Environment