manufactured in two forms, liquid and powder, and the liquid employs one pint per 5 cubic yards of concrete, while the powder employs one pound per cubic yard of concrete. The manufacturer will sup* ply scientific data to show the exact performance of Ayr-Trap under a number of controlled conditions.
'Product* and 'Prace&aea' =9=
Soybean
Studies
Research by the U. S. Department of Agriculture on the oil content of soybeans in storage shows that no oil is lost during storage prio- to processing, contrary to the common belief. The study on oil content of stored soybeans was undertaken for the protection of farmers who would be subject to lower returns if their stored beans were purchased on the assumption that oil content had lessened during storage. In other studies on the industrial side, the Northern Regional Research'Laboratory at Peoria has worked out a method for the precise determination of the composition of oils and oilseeds which should lead to a more accurate determination of the quality of paint oils made from soybeans. The laboratory's studies on soybean-oil paint formulations have resulted in great improvement in such paints for outdoor use. There also was developed a paste containing pigments and driers so mixed that farmers can prepare a paint at relatively low cost by merely adding soybean oil to it. This product now is on the market. A new use for soybean protein has followed the formulations prepared by the laboratory at the request of an ammunition manufacturer for a new adhesive for shotgun-shell casings.
Hydroquinone Derivatives Tennessee Eastman Corp., Kingsport, Tenn., is now making available in commercial quantities a number of hydroquinone derivatives which until recently were obtainable only in laboratory amounts. Hydroquinone is well known as an antioxidant and stabilizing agent for proventing deterioration of fats, oils, and resin monomers. Its low oil solubility and high water solubility, however, are restrictive. To overcome these restrictions, Tennessee Eastman has produced two simple derivatives—hydroquinone monomethyl ether and 2,5-di-£er/-butyl hydroquinone. Both of these derivatives are considerably more oil-soluble and less water-soluble than hydroquinone. In addition, both hydroquinone monomethyl ether and 2,5-di-tert-butyl hydroquinone show less tendency to discolor. Tennessee Eastman's hydroquinone monomethyl ether is presently in use as a stabilizing agent in several textile lubricating-oil formulas. Because of the stability of the ether groups, this compound is a promising 2924
raw material for organic syntheses, and it has many possibilities in the fields of drugs, cosme^es, and dyes. 2,5-Di-£eW-butyl hydroquinone has been found suitable as a preservative in both synthetic and natural rubber compositions, in addition to serving as an antioxidant in vegetable fats and oils. I t is a good polymerization inhibitor for styrene and other resin monomers. Nonstaining and nondiscoloring, it is particularly useful for stabilizing latexes and white stock employed in many mechanical rubber fabrications. According to the company, ttiis chemical is the first new nonstaining antioxidant for rubber that has appeared in several years. Hydroquinone dimethyl ether, another derivative, is very stable, and is unaffected by boiling acids or alkalies. Since tlie ring hydrogens are labile, it has many possibilities in organic syntheses. This chemical has a very pleasing fragrance of sweet clover, and is finding acceptance particularly in the formulation of soap perfumes. It is also useful as a weathering agent for paints and plastics, and is of interest for sun-tan lotions and creams. Further processing of hydroquinone dimethyl ether leads to amino hydroquinone dimethyl ether, a valuable intermediate in the manufacture of certain naphthol dyes, as is aminohydroquinone diethyl ether. Tennessee Eastman has made these t~wo compounds commercially available in a pure form for the first time. Other Tennessee Eastman hydroquinone derivatives include toluhydroquinonc, hydroquinone diethyl ether, hydroquinone di-n-butyl ether, hydroquinone monocthyl ether, hydroquinone mono-n-butyl ether, and hydroquinone di (/^-hydroxy e t h y l ) ether.
Air-Entraining
Agent
A. C. Horn Co., Inc., Long Island City w X . Y., has produced an air-entraining agent for concrete and cement mortars to increase the life of sound concrete by preventing disintegration from weather condit ions and to make it more durable for use on exposed structures, roads, darns, bridges, and buildings. It is also said to increase workability of concrete and mortars, and to minimize segregation a/nd bleeding. Three to 5% of air, trapped in the concrete in the form of tiny, individual bubbles will maintain flexural strength with age, improve scaling resistance, and in general protect the concrete against its most common causes of failure. Ayr-Trap is CHEMICAL
DDT
Analog
A chemical insecticide called methoxychlor which has proved to be one fortieth as toxic to warm-blooded animals as DDT is a product of the pest control research section of the Grasselli Chemicals Department of the Du Pont Co. Technically called b i s ( m e t h o x y p h e n y l ) - t r i c h l o r o ethane, the material is an analog or close relative of DDT. It is being manufactured in limited quantities by Du Pont. There should be no danger involved, according to the available toxicity records in the use of this product as aw insecticide for fruit and vegetable crops the company states. I t is superior to D D T for the control of flies and Mexican bean beetles. It is not equal to DDT for the control of codling moth. Although sufficient comparative data are not available to give an accurate picture, the indications are that the methoxy analog of DDT wTill control most of the pests on fruit crops that are controlled by D D T .
Solid Glass Bloch Again Available Manufacture of solid glass block is announced by the Pittsburgh Corning Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa. Prior to the war this block had found many special uses in plating and similar operations. The blocks were used as insulating supports for acid and electrolytic tanks. Following are its physical properties: Compression strength (ultimate) Modulus of elasticity Coefficient of expansion (linear) Weight
Stainless Base for
80,000 lb. per square inch under uniform loading 10,000,000 lb. per square inch 0.0000047 per ° F . 5.7 lb. each
Steel Paint
Stainless steel powder-base paint, using a spar varnish or lacquer vehicle, is available from Charles Hardy, Inc., New York. A number of paint manufacturers are engaged in testing the physical qualities of stainless steel powder-base paint, the material being furnished in a paste form, which, wdien mixed with any commercial vehicle such as lacquer, will render a surface highly resistant to such corrosive conditions as those caused by nitric, phosphoric, or sulfuric acid fumes. Reports show that the working life of the painted surface is increased as much as 300%. AND
ENGINEERING
NEWS
ENGINEERING PROGRESS REPORT L J U M G S T R O M A I R PREHEATER
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THE
AIR
PREHEATER CORPORATION
E x e c u t i v e O f f i c e s : 60 E a s t 42i*d S t r e e t , N e w York 17, Ν . Υ. · V O L U M E
2 5,
NO. 40
» » OCTOBER
6, 1 9 4 7
P l a n t : W e l l s v i l l e , Ν. Y. 2925
PRODUCTS O t h e r new p r o d u c t s formed from stain less stool powder include a d v a n c e d typos of powder metal bearings c a p a b l e of being used for applications b e y o n d t h e limits of oil-impregnated copper or b r o n z e bearings.
Product Notes P h o t o g r a p h e r s can learn quickly t h e extent to which developer a n d similar solutions intermix in continuous process ing s y s t e m s through use of mathematical e q u a t i o n s worked out in K o d a k Research Laboratories, R o c h e s t e r 4, N. V. In a c o n t i n u o u s t h r e e - t a n k system the first film processed carries developer into t h e rinse b a t h , then carries b o t h developer a n d rinse i n t o t h e fixer. I n time extensive mix ing t a k e s place. T h e new equations d e termine composition m a t h e m a t i c a l l y a n d are said to simplify t h e problem of accu m u l a t i o n of ingredients, such as silver, i n d t h e r a t e of chemical replenishment.
I n g r a m Research I n s t i t u t e , Inc., Λ1tiambra, Calif., h a s a n n o u n c e d the availa bility in limited q u a n t i t i e s of hesperidin chalcone a n d the water-soluble hesperidin '•halcone sodium salt, both used in vitamin Ρ therapy. LTsing potent m a l e s e x h o r m o n e prepar ations, E . K . Shelton, A. E . Varden, a n d J. S. M a r k of t h e U n i v e r s i t y of Southern California Medical School a n d Los Angeles General H o s p i t a l h a v e found t h a t Oreton and O r e t o n - M , m a d e by Schering Corp.. Bloomfield, N . J., help in caring for u n d e veloped a n d undersized infants. They grew s t r o n g e r a n d larger and m a t u r e d faster t h a n babies from w h o m the hor mone w a s withheld. T h e s e studies also revealed the value of O r e t o n in s t i m u l a t i n g nitrogen storage in o t h e r infants with nu tritional p r o b l e m s .
Streptomycin has killed bacteria which cause p e a r blight, t o m a t o canker, carrot blight, p o t a t o scab, bean blight, and several leaf-spot diseases, according t o Peter A . Ark, University of California College of Agriculture p l a n t pathologist, who believes t h a t s t r e p t o m y c i n offers promising possibilities in preventing seedborne b a c t e r i a l diseases of some farm crops. Very s m a l l a m o u n t s of pure medicinal s t r e p t o m y c i n dissolved in w a t e r were used in l a b o r a t o r y t e s t s . T h e drug is fairly expensive, a n d a less pure form, probably costing m u c h less, c a n be used for disin fecting seed. T y r o z e t s , antibiotic-anesthetic t h r o a t lozenges for a n t i b i o t i c t r e a t m e n t of m o u t h a n d t h r o a t infections, h a v e been released b y S h a r p & D o h m e , Inc., Philadelphia.
2926
Α Ν 1)
Ρ R Ο C ESS
E S
This newest member of Sharp & Dohme's family of tyrothricin products, is the first tyrothricin lozenge to be distributed n a tionally. Gram-positive t h r o a t infections a r e actively combated by Tyrozets, and i n contrast to penicillin and the sulfonamides, no evidence of sensitivity has been o b served following' t h e local use of t y r o thricin.
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Ply-Kleener, a fast acting, nonirritating liquid h a n d cleaner has been announced by Milburn Co., Detroit. Workers expe riencing difficulty in washing u p a t t h e end of the day resort to a n y available sol vent, so-called workmen's soaps, lye soaps, g r i t t y and harsh soaps, or scrubbers, and the continuous use of these irritants causes m a n y cases of dermatitis. Ply-Kleener has proved its ability t o remove resins, h e a v y grease, aniline dyes, inks, paints, and lacquers from workers* hands. I t lathers profusely, contains neither sodium soaps nor irritating sol vents, and its alkalinitv does not exceed pll 8.
T h e compound prepared by t h e reaction of triethyl p h o s p h a t e and phosphorus oxychloridc a n d sold commercially as h e x a ethyl tetraphosphate does not, according to J. W. H a n s e n , California Spray C h e m i cal Corp., R i c h m o n d , exist in this form but is a fortuitous mixture of organic p h o s p h a t e s which has an average molecular weight and combustion analysis percent ages agreeing with t h e assigned formula. Chemical analyses of fractions obtained by distillation have shown t h a t the a c t i v e agent is a t e t r a e t h y l phosphate, probably t et raethyl perox3'diphosphate.
T h e basis of the Resloom finish by M o n santo, previously applied successfully t o woolens, h a s been reported equally a d vantageous for cottons b y the D a n R i v e r Mills, Inc., Danville, Va. I t is said t h a t a cotton dress t r e a t e d with the new finish would acquire wrinkles in hot a n d humid weather, b u t it would shed them after being hung for a while. Only a moderate increase in price will be added to cotton fabrics by t h e new finish, it is claimed.
A vulcanizing c e m e n t especially for u s e in repairing rayon-cord tires h a s been d e veloped by U. S. Poibber Co., New Y o r k , and is now available to the company's tire distributors and dealers. Developed t o produce t h e best possible bond between rayon and rubber, t h e cement is said to r e sult i n a stronger, b e t t e r repair. C o m p a n y engineers reported t h a t its high degree of penetration provides a better mechanical
CHEMICAL
anchorage to the rayon-cord as well as to t h e rubber between the cords.
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A fellowship carrying a S 10,000 grant is being sponsored by Hercules Powder Co. a t t h e University of Delaware, and will be concerned primarily with extensive field tests of T o x a p h e n e , a chlorinated camphene, Hercules agricultural insecti cide. Preliminary tests have shown t h a t i t is equally as toxic as D D T to the p o t a t o leafhopper, as effective a s rotenone against t h e Mexican bean beetle, a n d promising for control of the codling moth.
OTS Reports Copies of the following reports can be obtained a t the prices indicated from the Office of Technical Services, Department of Commerce, "Washington 25, D . C. Orders should be accompanied by check or money order, payable to the Treasurer of the United States. Serious time loss i n the determination of iron in light metals can be avoided by a colorimetric procedure using sulfosalicylic acid, according to a translated German research paper. T h e colorimetric test ^ives reproducible values in the presence of almost all t h e possible alloy elements a n d impurities, t h e report states, and shortens analysis t i m e by avoiding the separation of iron, a s required in the proceess of titrating ferrous ions with perman g a n a t e . A small a m o u n t of t h e light metal alloy is dissolved in a n acid solution. W h e n the solution i s combined with spe cially prepared sulfosalicylic acid the pres ence of iron causes the solution to t u r n red. T h e a m o u n t of iron is measured by using a n electric colorimeter with a green filler. T h e sulfosalicylic acid test is said t o work satisfactorily in the presence of a l u m i n u m , magnesium, silicon, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, antimony, and manganese. Report P B 53,890 (photostat, $1.00; microfilm, S1.0O; limited supply mimeo graphed, 5 0 cents; 13 pages) includes a d i a g r a m of the test procedure, calibraton c h a r t s , a n d tables showing typical test results. Dye solutions instead of pigments were used b y t h e Germans for tinting raw paper base a n d coloring b a r i u m sulfate coatings used i n t h e manufacture of photographic paper, according t o report P B 75,852 (microfilm, $2:00; photostat, $7.00; 87 pages) on the G e r m a n photographic in d u s t r y . T h e p r o d u c t i o n of barium sul fate, also known as baryta, r a n parallel to t h e production of Lithopone, a substitute for white lead in paints, and represented a means of utilizing by-products of two chemical processes. {Continued
AND
on page 2948)
ENGINEERING
NEWS
CONSULTANTS C H E M I C A L CONSULTANTS, E N G I N E E R I N G SERVICES, T E S T I N G LABORATORIES, PATENT ATTORNEYS, ETC. R A T E S — s e e p a g e 2919 ( D i s p l a y S p a c e O n l y )
THE ANDERSON PHYSICAL LABORATORY 609 S O . SIXTH ST.
C H A M P A I G N , ILL.
Research and Consulting in Chemical Physics Scott Anderson, Director
Products and Processes {Continued from page 2926)
Periodic Current
Reverse Electroplating
A process for electroplating which markedly reduces polishing costs as well a s providing an elect rodeposit of great smoothness, increased density, and docreased porosity is announced by t h e Hanson-Van Winkle-Munning Co., M a t a wan, N . J., and is an engineering develop ment of the Westinghouse Electric C o r p . I t involves a novel, periodic reverse plat ing cycle in which the plating current is reversed briefly a t short periodic inter vals. Better plate distribution and thicker than normal deposits are obtained a t higher current densities t h a n a r e generally used. T h e company is now prepared t o issue licenses for the process a n d to engi neer complete industrial installations. Laboratory s t u d y has shown t h a t ex cellent results m a y be obtained with high speed copper cyanide baths using a 5second plating to 1-second deplating cycle. However, in commercial practice it h a s been shown that a 20- t o 4-second cycle, as well as cycles intermediate between this and the δ- to 1-second cycle, are satisfac tory.
Metalast System of Painting T h e C. A. Woolsey P a i n t & Color Co., inc., 229 East 42nd St., New York 17, Ν . Υ., has developed a n d is m a r k e t i n g protective coatings called t h e Metalast System of painting. These paints contain new resins and h a v e demonstrated merit in prevent ing t h e corrosion of industrial equipment and t h e corrosion and fouling of ships' bottoms. Strong adhesion to all types of metals, high resistance t o abrasion, a n d the extremely impervious properties of t h e coatings are a m o n g the chief attributes of t h e system. T h e washcoat primer is applied as a single coat and serves as an anchor for subsequent coatings on steel, aluminum, galvanized iron, stainless steel, 2948
INFRARED RESEARCH Research, E n g i n e e r i n g , Analyses SAMUEL P. SADTLER & SONS, INC. 210 S o . 13th St., P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a .
MICRO ANALYSES
and alloys. Metalast anticorrosive, t w o or three coats of which m a y be applied within a few hours, provides a tough bar rier coat with tight inner-coat adhesion. Third and last i s the Metalast t o p coat. Aluminum is used for m a n y industrial purposes while Metalast antifouling (reel) is used for ship bottoms. These coatings all air-dry within 15 t o 20 minutes and m a y be brushed, although they are preferably sprayed. A d e a n steel surface is t h e only requirement for surface preparation. Inside air-conditioning systems, Metal ast c o a t i n g s h a v e withstood 1 0 0 % h u midity for 10 m o n t h s without corrosion, and it is a l s o showing promise for corrosion prevention in cargo oil deep t a n k s carry ing oils or salt w a t e r .
RESEARCH CHEMISTS «nd ENGINEERS A staff of 75, including chemists, engineers, bactcriologistsand medical personnel with 1 0stories of laboratories and a p i l o t p l a n t are available for the solution o f your chemical «and engineering problems. Write today for Booklet No. 4 "Thz Chemical Consultant and Your Business" FOSTER D . SNELL, Inc. Î 9 W . 15th St. New York 1 1 , Ν . Υ .
Values (Continued from page 2903) ers are simply pocketbooks. Both need to know of the i m p o r t a n c e to the public wel fare of t h e enterprise, t h e place it fills ID t h e nation's life a n d why at times courses must be t a k e n in t h e public interest which momentarily seem to contradict those of either group o r both. B y recognizing t h a t n o business c a n be entirely an individual thing and likewise t h a t its human p a r t s are not machinée b u t souls, industry would solve m a n y problems now being a t t a c k e d by nonexpert mental doctrinaires. Conclusion
Protective
Silica
Coat
Silcote, a d e v e l o p m e n t of National Research C o r p . , 7 0 Memorial Drive, Cambridge 42, Mass., is said .to produce greatly i m p r o v e d protective coats of silica on front surface mirrors b y low-tempera ture, low-pressure evaporation. There is no measurable difference in reflectivity be tween coated and uncoated surfaces. Front surface mirrors with Silcote pro tection h a v e a resistance t o abrasion more than 1,600 times t h a t of an unprotected mirror, claim the manufacturers. In actual t e s t s an unprotected front surface mirror was damaged by 25 cycles of an abrasion tester while the Silcote-ed surface did not show d a m a g e after 40,000 cycles of the same tester.
Acids and
Aldehydes
Iso- and terephthalic acids a n d rare al dehydes s u c h a s caprylaldehyde a r e among the new o r g a n i c chemicals recently de veloped b y t h e Genesee Research Corp. T h e a d d i t i o n of these m a k e s a t o t a l of more t h a n 40 r a r e organic chemicals which this company now h a s available in research and pilot-plant q u a n t i t i e s . T h e company has facilities a n d personnel t o meet customers' requirements. A list of chemicals which it offers will b e s e n t u p o n request t o Genesee Research C o r p . , 577 Lyell Ave., Rochester, Ν. Υ. C H E M I C A L
These thoughts may be considered a r e t u r n t o archaicism, t o a yearning for t h e so-called "good old days" which really were n o t good a t all. However, I do not t h i n k this is t r u e . One of our cigarette advertisements in t h e United S t a t e s is constantly pounding in t h e idea t h a t ''something new has been added.'" T h a t new t h i n g is the world of science. Science gives us the ability t o control ourselves and our lives t o a degree no good old day ever h a d . Science has been only a partial success because it early fell into t h e h a n d s of materialists and hence has h a d a lopsided development, w h i c h has accentuated problems without presenting means for their correction. For these reasons we have had two reactionary movements, o n t h e one hand a, r e t u r n to rugged individualism, the law of the jungle a n d t h e first s t a t e of man, a n d on t h e o t h e r h a n d t o authoritarianism in its forms of fascism a n d collectivism, a reaction t o the second s t a t e of man, despotism. Let u s therefore t h r o w out the materialistic view of life, concede to t h e social sciences and religion their equality with t h e physical, perhaps even their superiority, a n d help t h e m catch up with u s and prevent a further descent into the past. You can depend upon i t , no scientist will be h u r t as a scientist b y having a developed soul. AND
ENGINEERING
NEWS
