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and plasma desorption," adds Holland, "in which you're only creating ions for a very short burst. That works beautifully because you don't have the problem with the duty cycle. You're only creating ions when you're measuring them. But for chromatography and applications such as GC/MS, time-of-flight still suffers from the low duty cycle because we lose information." At this year's Pittsburgh Conference exhibit, there were two new high-resolution TOF-MS products: the TOFSIMS instrument from Leybold-Heraeus and the TOF-1 from Bruker. The TOF-SIMS prototype exhibited by Leybold-Heraeus, which was designed in collaboration with A. Benninghoven of the University of Muenster, West Germany, is, as its name implies, a SIMS instrument with a TOF analyzer. The Bruker TOF-1, which was designed in collaboration with Edward Schlag of the Technische Universitàt
The crude data systems are now gradually being rebuilt and replaced with very polished systems that include excellent interactive displays. % %
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704 A · ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 59, NO. 10, MAY 15, 1987
in Munich, is a two-laser system designed for multiphoton resonance-enhanced ionization. These two new products join existing TOF products such as the LAMMA (laser microprobe mass analyzer) from Leybold-Heraeus and the LIMA (laser ionization mass analyzer) from the Cambridge Mass Spectrometry division of Kratos, both of which are microprobe instruments, and the Bio-Ion 20, a TOF instrument designed primarily for high-mass biological analysis. Quads and data systems Enhancements in the mass-handling capability of quadrupole instruments were also noted at this year's show. Quadrupole offerings from a number of manufacturers now provide mass ranges extending to 3000-4000 u at unit resolution. "For the last couple of years," explains Gary Glish, "instruments have typically operated at a mass limit of 2000 with unit resolution. In fact, five or six years ago people were saying that the mass limit of 2000 at unit resolution would not be exceeded. The instrument companies have obvi-
