1348
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
chloride, and bromide are known to be positive catalysts in this system. It is not likely that osmium would be encountered in human serum. Chloride and bromide are removed in the digestion process. SUMMARY
A rapid method for the determination of protein-bound iodine in multiple 2- t o 3-ml. samples of serum involves protein precipitation by trichloroacetic acid, protein destruction and simultaneous oxidation of iodine to iodate by chloric acid in the presence of sodium chromate, evaporation to a small volume for removal of acid and organic matter, dilution of the residue, and colorimetric estimation of iodine by catalytic action on the cericarsenite system. The principal advantage of the method is that all steps in preparation of the sample up to colorimetric estimation are carried out in the same container, thereby eliminating losses of iodine through transfer or distillation. The accuracy to be expected by this procedure, as shown by addition, is in the neighborhood of *15’%. This error is reduced considerably by analyzing duplicates. LITERATURE CITED
(1) Barker, S. B., J. BWZ. Chem., 163, 313 (1946). (2) Barker, S. B., and Humphrey, hl. J., J . Clin. Endocrinol., 10, 1136 (1950). (3) Barker, S. B., Humphrey, 11. .J., and Soley, M. H., J . Clin. Invest., 30, 55 (1951).
(4) Chaikoff, I. L.,Taurogg, A , , and Reinhardt, W. O., Endocrinology, 40, 47 (1947). (5) Chaney, A. L.,IND. ENG.CHEM.,A h a ~ ED., . 10, 326 (1938). (6)Ibid., 12, 179 (1940). (7) Conner, A. C.,Swenson, R. E., Park, C. W., Gangloff, E. C., Lieberman, R., and Curtis, J. >I., Surgery, 25, 510 (1949). (8) Leipert, T., Bwchen. Z., 261, 437 (1933). (9) McClendon, J. F.,and Foster, W. C., J . Bwl. Chem., 154, 619 (1944). (10) Man, E. B., Smirnow, A. E., Gildea, E. F., and Peters, J. P , J . Clin. Invest., 21, 773 (1942). (11) Riggs, D. S., Lavietes, P. H., and Man, E. B., J . BioE. Chena., 143, 363 (1942). (12) Riggs, D.S.,and Man, E. B., Ibid., 134, 193 (1940). (13) Rosenberg, I. X., J . Clin. Ilazlest., 30, 1 (1951). (14) Salter, W. T., Baseett, -4.M., and Sappington, T. S., A m . J . Med. Sei., 202, 516,527 (1941). (15) Sandell, E., and Kolthoff, I. M., Mikrochiwi. Acta, 1, 9 (1937). (16) Sappington, T. S.,Halpirin, N.,and Salter, W. T., J . Pharrn. Ezptl. Therap., 81, 331 (1944). (17)Shahrokh. B. K..J . Biol. Chem.. 154. 517 (1944). (18j Talbot, N. B., Butler, A. M., Salsrnan, A. H., and Rodriguez, P. M., J. Bid. Chem.,153,479 (1944). (19) Taurogg, 9., and Chaikoff, K., Ibid., 163, 313 (1946). (20) Winkler, A. W., Riggs, D. 8.. and Man. E. B., J . Clin. Invest., 24, 732 (1945). (21) Winkler, A. W., Riggs. D. S., Thompson, K. W,, and .Man, E. B , Ibid., 25,404 (1946). RECEIVED for review August 27, I951 Accepted June 9, 1952. Work supported in part by grants from trhe Hational Heart Institute and the Michigan Heart Association.
Progress Report of Committee on Nomenclature, Division of Analytical Chemistry, June 1952 T
HE ikst progress report of the Committee on Somenclature of the Division of Analytical Chemistry, published in 1947 [ A s a L . CHEM.,19, 931 jl947)], outlined the geneml direction in which further work should be undertaken. The following report on specific defhitions is an effort to carry out this commission. Every effort has been made to consider the findine and advice of other nomenclature Committees working on scientific definitions. The committee has tried to avoid coining new definitions, perhaps a t times to the point of not being consistent. The advice of the ACS Committee on Nomenclature has been sought and incorporated in this report. While every effort has been made to consider all points of view-.this report is not to be considered final. The following terms commonly used by American chemists and in the publications of the AMERICAN CHEUICAL SOCIETY have been studied by the committee. They had the assistance and advice of specialists on nomenclature in the - ~ V E R I C A XCHElTIChL SOCIETY.The committee realized when the study was undertaken that because of the uncertain and conflicting usage of many of these terms no completely acceptable definition for all chemists would be possible. With due regard to the action of other standardizing bodies to generally accepted usage and with the hope of achieving some greater degree of consistency, the following definitions are recommended. Accuracy is a measure of the approach of a given value to what is considered to be the most probable value of the quantity on the basis of analyses carried out by skilled investigators. Acidimetry is the measurement of the concentration of an alkali by titration m-ith a standard solution of an acid. Alkalimetry is the measurement of the concentration of an acid by titration with a standard solution of an alkali. Analysis is the separation, the identification, or the determination of the concentration of part or a11 of the constituents or components of a sample.
Chromatographic AnaIysis is the analysis of a solution by the use of solid sorbents, such as paper or alumina, to separate substances in solution by selective sorption. Dissolution is the process by which two or more phases become homogeneous. Determination is the act, process, or result of any measurement. Electroanalysis is the use of electrical energy for the separation, precipitation, detection, or determination of elements and compounds in chemical analysis. It is distinguished from other electrical methods of analysis by the fact that it depends upon the consumption of significant amounts of electrical power.
report it is hoped that constructive B criticism will ofbethis sent to the new expanded committee Y PUBLICATION
xhich is charged with the task of continued study in this controversial field. Close cooperation with other nomenclature committees will continue, especially with those working outside the United States which have expressed an interest in working with this new committee, which is ss follows:
S.E. Q. ASHLEY,Chairman,
General Electric Co., Pittsfield, Mass. H. C. DIEHL P. J. ELVING
N.H. Fu~n1.m
R. P. GRAHAM L. T. HALLETT E. B. SANDELL E. J. SERFASS E. R. SWIFT F. D. TUEMMLER G. T. WERNIMONT H. H. WILLARD
1349
V O L U M E 2 4 , NO. 8, A U G U S T 1 9 5 2 Electrodeposition is the formation of a substance on an electrode by electrolysis. Extraction is a process for withdr.awing by tieatnicbiit with a solvent. The use of the term Gasometric is not reconinieiidcd. Gravimetric signifies measurement by weight. A Gravimetric Analysis is one in which the amounts of constitue~itsare dott.rmined by weighing. An Instrument is a nieasuririg device for perforniiitg n.ork or producing an effect. It is a means of rneasuremcnt. Instrumental means performed with an instrument. Iodometry is the measurement of the concentration of a substance in solution by titration wit,h a standard solution of iodine. Light is the radiant energy which, by its action upon the normal human eye, enables it to perform it,s function of sight. A% Liter is the volume occupied by 1kg. of chemically pui'e n-ater consisting of the naturally occurring isotopic misture a t 3.98" C. aiid 760-mm. pressure. Manometry is the determinatioii of the amount of a sut)stance by mcsasurcment of pressure. Method is a definite or orderly manner, n a y , or mod? of doing anything. Multiplicate signifies consisting of many, or of more than one; niultiIile, manifold. Precision is a measure of the reproducibility of a detrriiiiiied value. Precipitation is the comlng out of. or separation from, a .olution of a eubstance or substances in insoluble form. Procedure is a series of steps in the conduct of an experiment. Process is a series of actions or operations, especiall) when tliircted t o a definite end. The use of Replicate is not recoinmended; see Multiplicate. Separation is the isolation of a constituent (alone or asaociated 131th certain other substances) by removing either it or the othrr co:istitueiits from the system. Solution is a homogeneous system Eo1 med by the process of di>solution. The use of Special is not 1ecommended. The, iibe of Spectroanalysis is not recommended.
Spectrometry is the art or process of using the spectrometer, or of niraaur'tiig qwctra. Spectrophotometry refers t o the measurement of relative radiant enc't'gy 0 1 ' radiant flux as a function of wave length. The term Thermometric is not rec0mmendt.d. Thiosulfatimetry is t h e measurement of the coiicentration of a substance in solution by titration wit11 a standard solutioii of t hiosulfate. Titration is a det,ermination of the reactive capacity. usually of a solution. Titrimetric signifies measurement by titration. Titer is t.he concentration of a solutiori cq)ressed iri teimr of the substance in solution or in terms of some other substance to which it is chemically equivalent. Trace is a very small quantit,y of a coitstitut~~it, wpecially n.hen not quantitativcxly determined becausr of minut t'ness. Volatilization is the conversion of a substancr into a vapor or gas. Volumetric signifies mrasuremetit by volumc~. It is not ayiionymour with Titrimetric. It is recommended t,hat8t,he prefixes Macro-, Semimicro-, Micro-, and Ultramicro- be differmtiatd according t o the sample sin, talien for analysis. Macro- should refer to methods i q u i r i n g 100 mg. or more of samplr. Semimicro- should refer t o mcthods requiring ltw than 100 mg. but more than 10 mg. of sample material. Micro- should refer to methods requiring a sample size from 10 mg. down t o 0.1 mg. Ultramicro- should be used to refcr to methods requiring a sample less than 0.1 mg.
L. T . HALLETT, Chairriian R. P. GRAHAM K.H. FURMAN H. C. DIEHL S. E. Q . -4SHLEY €1. V. CHURCFJJLL
Suggested Nomenclature in Applied Spectroscopy Report No. 6 of the Joint Committee on Nomenclature in Applied Spectroscopy Established by the Society f o r Applied Spectroscopy and the American Society f o r Test i n p Materials If. k. FIL GIIES, Chuirrriun, Celunese Corp. o j .imericu. Surnniit,
R. Bow-ling Barnes Howard RI. Bedell Robert H. Bell Brooks .i Brice , Wallace R . Brode George L. BLIC A. H. Canada' J. Raynor Churchill Joseph G e f h e r
. IT1$
now very generally iuiikrrtood that to transfer idcAiL3 byittiout distortion, the language arid the numei'ou 1:iriguu:agc~must be standardixid. Thir observation is equall>. true x-tiether one is considering diplomatic eschange or exposition i n irkntific journals and meetings. .bong the scientific dircipliues, specialized nomenclature, syiiilmls. and abbreviations :ire 50 extensively used as adjuncts to comnion language that an oliliyntion i. imposod upon their user> to st:tiirlardize their mtmiings t tii,ough (iirtionariw, standard synil~ollists, and the like. .Islong ago as 486 B . C . ('oriiuciu3 (PO) recognized thi. n t v t w i t ? , :id shon-n hy the following paisage:
If the terminology is not correct, then the whole style of one's speech falls out of form: if one's speech is not in form, then orders cannot be carried o u t : if orders are not carried out, then the proper forms of worship m d social intercourse (in ritual and . Pinrv :I>
t l i i b report wab complrrrd, J. H. Enns has replsced -1. H. Canada l k i s r m rrprt-entative of ihr Coinrniitee on Instruments arid Measureof t h e American Institute of Electrical Engineers.
:ticats
.\.
J.
John Gilmore Charles L. Guettel George R . Harrison Paul E. Lighty Duane Roller Eugene J. Rosenbauzn Bourdoii F. Scribner S. D. Steele Mar? Warga music) cannot be restored; if the proper fornis of worship and social intercourse are not restolrd, then legal justice in the cotintry will fail; when legal justice fails, then the people are a t a loss to know what to do or what not t o do. When a gentleman institutes something, he is sure of what terminology it should be called, and when he gives an order, he k n o w that the order can be carried out without question. -2gcntlenian never uses hi8 terminologl- iiidisc~iminatcly. One has on]). t(J read spectroscopic 1itt.ratur.e of a few years ago in ordvr to appreciate the dificultics placed in the way of a n,ad( ~ 'understanding s by loose and inconsistent terminology. Added to this !iazard w-ns the lack of uniform letter slmbols for equations, which madcl s o n e of them uniiitelligihlc. Fortunately, the 1attt.r situation has noxv been largely remedied (11,12,19). Language standardization in any field has for its primary objective a smoothing of the channels of communication. The personnel in app1,ied ,spectroscop>- ie drawn from several sources, but principally from chemistry and physics. For this reason, a terminologT consistent with the usage in these two fields ( 2 9 ) is
