Proposals in Congress for Promotion of Scientific Research
D
URINGthe-p a s t few months several Kills have been introduced in Congriss for the purposses of encοιιraging and supporting sririitifec research in the interersts of national welfare and srmrity. Tin· essential proposals of these hills are given in the following review. The identical hills introduced in the Sen ate by Senator Magnuson and in the House hy Congressmen Mills and Randolph are based on the proposals suggested hy Vannevar Rush in his report to the Presi dent, "Science the Endless Frontier". The hill introduced by Senator Kilgore contains principles that the Subcommittee on War Mobilization of the Senate Military Affairs Committee deems desirable. Another bill (H.R. 3440). not further
outlined here, was introduced hy Repre sentative May of Kentucky on April IS, 1945. This bill would authorize an appro priation of not to exceed §S,0()(),(K)() annu ally to enable the National Academy of Sciences, through a research board for national security consisting of representa tives of th«* Army, Xavy, ami civilians of outstanding accomplishments, established by agreement among the Secretary of War, Secretary of Navy, and the president of the National AcadAny of Sciences, to provide· for scientific research and advancement de termined hy such board t o be desirable in the interests of national security. This bill has passed the House of Repre sentatives and is pending in the Senate Committee on Naval Affairs.
NATIONAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION Senate Bill 1285 introduced by Senator Magnuson of Washington on July 19, 1945, and referred to the Committee on Commerce. Identical bills were also introduced in the House of Representatives by Congressman Mills of Arkansas, H.R. 3852, July 19, 1945, and Congressman Randolph of West Virginia, H.R. 3860, July 20, 1945. Both House bills were referred to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce Name of Proposed Organ/ration; National Research Foundation. Purposes: In order to secure the full development ami application of the Nation's scientific and technical resources for national de fense, national prosperity, and the national health and welfare, the Foundation is authorized and directe*!: (1) to develop and promote a national policy for scientific research and educa tion; (2) to initiate anil support basic scien tific research and development in the mathematical, physical, and biological sciences through contracts, grants, or other forms of assistance: (3) to initiate and support, scientific research and development on matters re lating to the national defense through grants, or other forms of assistance; (4) to discover and develop scientific talent, particularly in American youth; (5) to grant scholarships and fellow ships in the mathematical, physical, and biological sciences: (6) to foster the interchange of s· *entifie information among scientists in this country and abroad; and (7) to correlate the Foundation's scien tific research and development programs with those undertaken hy public and pri vate research groups.
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Organization and
Membership:
The duties and powers of the Founda tion shall be exercised by a board of nine members appointed by tho President. They shall be chosen without regard t o polilical affiliation and solely o n the basis of their demonstrated interest in, and capacity to promote, the purposes of the» Foundation. The members of the Board shall serve» without compensation except expenses when engaged in the duties of their office. The members of the Board shall choose» their chairman and v i c e chairman an nually. The Board shall appoint and prescribe the powers of a Director of the Founda tion, who, subject to t h e supervision of the Board, shall be the principal officer of the Foundation. T h e Director shall receive compensation of $15,000 per year. Within the Foundation there shall be the following five division»: (1) Division of Medical Research; (2) Division of Physical Sciences; (3) Division of National Defense; (4) Division of Scien tific Personnel and Education; (5) D i vision of Publications and Scientific Collaboration. Within each of these five divisions there shall be a committee of n o t less than five members who shall be appointed b y the Board after receiving recommendations from the National Academy of Sciences.
CHEMICAL
In addition, a person designated by tin Secretary of War and a person desig nated by the Secretary of the N a v y shall each be a member of the Committee within the Division of National Defense. The Hoard shall designate one member of each committee as chairman. Members of the commit toes appointed by the Hoard shall receive compensation at the rate of $50 a «lay while engaged in the business of the Foundation, to gether with traveling and subsistence ex penses. The Director shall appoint and fix the compensation of such personnel as he deems necessary to carry out the provi sions of the Act. Such appointments and compensation shall .be made in accord ance with the provisions of the civil serv ice laws and regulations and the Classifi cation Act of 1923, as amended, except that technical and professional help may be employed without regard to the Classi fication Act, if deemed desirable» n . v the Director. The Director may appoint two deputy Directors each of whom shall receive $12,000 per year. Duties and Powers: The Foundation is empowered to do all things necessary to carry o u t the provi sions of the act and without being limited thereby it is specifically authorized: (1) t o prescribe rules and regulations it deems necessary governing the manner of its operation, organization, and per sonnel ; (2) to enter into contracts and agree ments which relate to scientific research or development ; (3) t o make payments which relate to scientific research and development; (4) to acquire, hold, and dispose of real and personal property of all kinds neces sary for, or resulting from, scientific re search or development; (δ) to receive and use funds donated by others, provided such funds are donated in furtherance of one or more of the pur poses of the Foundation ; (6) to publish or arrange for publica tion of scientific and technical informa tion; (7) t o accept and utilize the services of voluntary and uncompensated personnel and to pay the necessary expenses in volved; (8) t o prescribe the extent to which vouchers for funds expended under con tracts for scientific research and develop ment, shall be subject to itemization or substantiation prior to payment;
AND
ENGINEERING
NEWS
( 9 ) to establish a National Science Re s e r v e in which shall be enrolled all those who receive scholarships and fellowships from the Foundation. T h e members of such, reserve shall be available for call into the service of t h e Government for sci entific and technical work in time of war or other national emergency as declared by Congress or proclaimed by President. T h e Foundation shall not, itself, operate scientific or technical facilities of its own.
There shall be transferred to the Foundation all t h e powers, functions, and duties of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, along with all personnel, property, records, funds (including all unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, or other funds now available), contracts, assets, and liabilities of the Office of Scientific Research and Development.
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION Sen-ate Bill 1297 introduced by Senator Kilgore of West Virginia (for himself, Seiwrtor Johnson of Colorado, and Senator Pepper of Florida) on July 2 3 , 1 9 4 5 , and referred to the Committee on Military Affairs Nairn* of Proposed Organization: Κ ational Science Foundation. Pur/9 oses: T o provide public support for, and e n cour*age, scientific research and developniemt in fields of recognized public inter est, particularly national defense, health, and medicine, and the basic sciences. T"o encourage and enable young people of a~bility t o take up science as a career. Ί~ο utilize and cooperate with existing government and private facilities for research a n d development activities. T*o assist government agencies in achieving maximum effectiveness in re search and development activities, and in efficiently programming and coordinating sucfci activities. T o compile and maintain comprehensives inventory of findings and other data resulting from federally financed scientific resesarch a n d development activities, and of other pertinent information in this coiuntry a n d abroad and to make same ava-ilable t o the public. ΊΓο secure to the public rights to inven tions, discoveries, and patents resulting from federally financed activities and to proirnote a rapid introduction and fullest use of the most advanced techniques, in ventions, and discoveries. Organization and Membership: AL Director shall be appointed by the President b y and with t h e consent and advance of the Senate and shall receive compensation of $15,000 a year. A . National Science Board shall be ap pointed b y the President b y and with the contsent a n d advice of the Senate. It sha.ll consist of the Director, as chair man; the heads of the Departments of Wifcr, iNavy, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Commerce, and Labor, and the Federal Security Agency or their designees; and eiglat public members. Wïtlun the Foundation there shall be established a Research Committee for National Defense consisting of a chairman appointed by t h e President by and with thes advice and consent of the Senate, who sh&U receive S 12,000 a year, and nine meanbers a t large. Three of these shall be appointed by t h e Director, three by the
VOLUME
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Secretary of War, and three by the Secretary of the Xavy. There shall also be established a Research Committee for Health and Medical Services consisting of a chairman, appointed b y the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, who shall receive SI2,000 a year, and nine members a t large. Three of these shall be appointed by the Administrator of the Federal Security Agency and six b y the Director with the advice and approval of the Board. The Director of the Board shall consult with the Defense Committee or the Medical Committee, a s the case m a y be, with respect t o the programs and shall secure the approval of the committees in the determination of specific projects and facilities. The Director m a y set up additional advisory committees as he deems necessary b y and with the advice and consent of the Board. The Director shall appoint and fix the compensation of such personnel a s he deems necessary to carry out the provisions of t h e Act. Such appointments are t o be made in accordance with civil service laws and t h e Classification Act of 1923, as amended, except that, when deemed necessary by the Director, technical and professional personnel m a y be employed without regard to such laws. Public members of the Board and of any advisory committees shall serve without remuneration except for per diem allowances when engaged on business of t h e Foundation. Duties and Powers: The Foundation shall give particular attention to (1) national defense, (2) health a n d medicine, (3) basic sciences, (4) conservation, development, and use of natural resources, (5) development of methods and processes beneficial t o small business enterprises, and (6) the adaptation to peacetime use of wartime research and facilities. Of the funds appropriated t o the Foundation for research and development activities not less than 2 0 % shall be for the fields of (1) national defense and security, and (2) health and medicine.
17.SEPTEMBER
10,
1945
In carrying out i t s program the Foundation shall consider the use of facilities available in federal, state, and local governments, educational and research i n stitutions, private industrial organizations, and individuals. However, of the total funds appropriated not less than 5 0 % shall be expended for engaging the facilities of nonprofit educational and research institutions. Tin» Foundation shall make and maintain a comprehensive survey of federally financed research and development activities. Any agency engaged in such activities shall, whenever the Director so requests, furnish whatever data and reports may be needed. T h e Foundation shall evaluate such data and prepare and send to the President and agencies concerned, recommendations for effectuating the objectives of this Act. As a condition for receiving financial support from the Foundation, each contracting organization or individual shall make available full data on all inventions, discoveries, and other findings, and shall submit whatever reports the Director deems necessary t o effectuate the purposes of the Act. The Foundation is authorized and directed to collect, edit, publish, and disseminate pertinent data on all inventions, discoveries, and other findings resulting from federally financed research and development. T h e Foundation shall promote a widespread distribution of information which m a y be useful in research and developm e n t activities. I t shall take such steps as it may deem necessary t o make such information accessible to the public. I n all projects promoted, financed, or otherwise supported by the Federal Government, the Foundation shall seek t o eliminate restraints upon the free expression of scientific truths and t o ensure ample freedom in the exercise of creative talents and the development of promising ideas. Any invention, discovery, or finding resulting from federally financed projects shall be the property of the United States. Any provision of the law to t h e contrary notwithstanding, the Director, acting on behalf of t h e Federal Government, shall patent all significant inventions or discoveries resulting from such research and development projects. Any citizen or organization m a y upon proper application be granted a nonexclusive license for which there shall be no charge. However, the Foundation shall refuse to grant a license or shall revoke the license of an applicant upon a finding by the Department of Justice that such license will tend t o promote or result in monopoly or restraint of trade. T h e Department of Justice shall handle the patent matters in which the United States is interested by virtue of its inter-
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est in >u being in the interest of national defense. T h e Foundation may solicit and re likelihood that its development would promote industry, the Administrator shall patent such invention, any provision of the law to the contrary notwithstanding. If the Bureau finds that such invention is not practicable it shall return it with all rights to the person submitting it. Any person or organization desiring to une a development under the provisions of the Act may be granted a nonexclusive license for such periods of time a.· the Administrator deems advisable. However, the Bureau shall refuse a license or revoke the license of any applicant upon a report by the Department of Justice that the operation under such license will tend t o promote or result in monopoly or restraint of trade. Upon granting of license, the licensee shall pay royalty to the Bureau in amount to be determined by the Administrator but not t o exceed 4 % of gross income resulting from use of such license. The Board shall then pay a portion of this amount, but not less than 5 0 % of it, to the person who submitted such invention, product, or process. T h e Department of Justice shall handle patent matters in which the United States is interested b y virtue of its interest in such inventions, products, or processes. It shall, upon request of the Administrator of the Bureau, intervene in behalf of any licensee in litigation brought b y any patent owner against such licensee for infringement or any other interference growing out of issuance of a license b y the Bureau. T h e Bureau shall declare secret or restricted any scientific or technical information coming into the possession or control of t h e Bureau, or any other federal agency, the secrecy or restriction of which the President or his designees certify a s being in the interest of national defense. Such facilities of the National Bureau of Standards as are needed are to be made available to the Bureau, which may obtain such other facilities and equipment as is necessary t o carry out the provisions of this Act. T h e Administrator and the Bureau may call upon other Government departments and agencies for services, facilities, and cooperation deemed necessary or helpful. V O L U M E
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NO.
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The rugged burner body is mounted en α heavy base to which is attached a universal ball joint permitting both lateral and vertical adjustments. NO. S-12370 BURNER—SARGENT UNIVERSAL SILENT, prices on application.
Ε. Η. SARGENT & COMPANY, 155-165 Ε. Superior St., Chicago 11, 111. Michigan
Division:
1959 East Jefferson, Detroit
7, ISiich.
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17-SEPTEMBER
10, 1945
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