text material, but. by the elimination of no fewer than 22 of the photographs of commercial instruments and a somewhat larger number of the line drawings that appeared in the previous edition. The photographs, in particular, were not only wasteful of space but are conceded by the authors to have been "relatively ~minformative." Nearly all of the remaining line drawings from the third edition have been revised, and replacing ouGof-date figures are a number of new schematic diagrams of which many show excellent perspeotive. Space has also been saved by the removal of detailed operating instructions for specific instruments, a feature of earlier editions that had been rather strongly defended by the authors. While the number of spectroscopy experiments in the corresponding chapters of the third and fourth editions remains unchanged, seven have been replaced by entirely new experiments while the remaining ten have undergone substantial revision. The26 exercises of oldchapters 1,2, 4, and 5 were nearly equally divided between discussion questions and numerical prohlenx, and had no answers. In new Chapters 3 and 4 there are 40 exercises of which 31 are new nnmerical prohlems with varying degrees of challenge; 15 of the latter are provided with answers. Finally, the earlier literature citations, many of which appeared as footnotes, have been thoroughly winnowed, updated with references through 1963, and placed a t the end of each chapter following a Bibliography. (An occasional reference to the 1964 literature appean in later chapters.) With the exeept,ion of six chapters, this, then is a reprmentative sample of the changes one finds throughout the entire bwk. Because of the continuing interest in infrared, fluoreseenre, and gas chromstographic studies and the increasing imoortanee of NMR. ESR. Raman and mass that It,? sl,ertnMylir;.. 11 I- tlut slllpr~~tng chapter?; drnling ntth thwc lopic< hxve nwdrrcone marked r~pnn.iicm. Their w tions on basic principles and instrumentation, especially, me now much more precise and a helpful new feature is the addition of numerical "Examples." Noteworthy, too, is the increased attention given to the application of the foregoing techniques in determining molecular structure. The authors' efforts have been no less product,ive in their expanded and improved treatmen& of X-ray, radiochemical and potentiometrir methods, and flame photometry. (Althongh one of their number is a recognized authority in the field, the reviewer questions whether the flsme photometric method merits having devoted to it the longest chapter in the book; this, especially, since the same author has brought forth an excellent complete work on this subject.) I n each of the updated chapters one of the most welcome changes is the inclusion of a large number of numerical problem. Completely new to the fourth edition are the thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis topics in the chapter on Thermomalyticd Methods, a brief section on rttomio absorption in the Flame Photometry chapter, an entire chapter entitled Process Instruments and Automatic Analysis, and two chapters an Electronics.
The last named topic is one that is becoming increasingly popular and necessary in books in this field and the authors have given us a well-balanced coverage. However, in a treatment which is of necessity highly abbreviated, there would seem to he little justification for employing both of the opposing "positive current" and elec tron flow conventions. The novice, at least, is bound to be confused by their indiscrimmate use bath in text and on schematic diagram. Except far very minor changes, the chapters on Polarography, Amperometric Titration Methods, Polarimetry, Emission Spectroscopy and Conduotance Methods remain essentially as they appeared in the third edition, although in the last-named chapter, 20 new problems appear. I t would be hoped that in a future revision some consideration could be given to circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion which have become powerful structural techniques. These terms are now merely defined in the chapter on Polarimetry. I t is unfortunate, too, that the only alteration of sny consequence in the chapter on Refractometry and Interferometry has been the addition of a brief section on molar refraction based on a table of atomic refraction values that are long since obsolete. In correlations with molecular trtructure, bond refraction values are much more meaningful and rather extensive tabulations of these have been available in the literature far some time. Further, Batsanov's recent book, "Refractometry and Chemical Structure," seem to have rekindled some interest in this tool. For a work in which the rewriting has been so thorough, it would be surprising if there were not a number of errors. Very few of a typographical nature were observed, and the occasional incorrect page numbers in the Subject Index and faulty or omitted figure references in s. few problems are but minor annoyances. The new type style is especially pleasing to the eye. This reviewer can best summarize his impressions of the latest Willard, Merritt, and Dean by saying that it has now moved to the top of the list of those texts he recommends to his students of instrw mental analysis.
The failure to integrate these spectral techniq~tesis the major disappointment of this book. The overwhelming power of spectral analysis is best appreciated by the student when it is seen how these methods complement one anather. Despite this shortcoming thk hook should be rtn interesting mpplement for teachers of organic qualitative analysis.
JOSEPH WOLINSKY Pudue University Lafayette, Indiana
Qualitative Analysis
Nekm W. Hovel/ and Albertine Krohn, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio. Sernoll, Inc., Iowa City, Iowa, 1966. 132 pp. Tables. 22.5 X 28 cm. Paperbound. $3.75.
The authors have written a concise laboretory manual covering the qualitative analysis of 20 anions and 24 cations. The manual iis written for use in the second semester of freshman chemistry. The 20 anions are treated first in order to better correlate the lecture and labor* tory part of the course. The anions are not divided into groups but each one is treated individudy with six general reagents in order to familiarize the student with the properties of the ions before he analyzes an unknown. The reagents are: (1) 6N H&Oc (2) 36N I11S04,(3) KMnO* (4) KI, (5) AgNO* (6) BaCb. The reaetmns with the six general reagents are described in words and by an equation. Often an explanation of the reaction is given and the appropriate constants (ionization, solubility product, and instability) appear with the procedures. At the end of the section, a summary of all the reactions is given in tshular form. The final test for each anion is a. specific reaction which must be performed in the identification of the unknowns. At the end of the anion section, there are study questions as well as equations to complete and balance. The anion section is followed by 45 H. W. SAFFORD pages of theory. A very brief treatment University of Pittsburgh of equilibrium, complex ions, solubility Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania omduct. and redox eouilibria is wesented. 'Tables hf ionization Eonstents, instability constants, solubility products, and oxidsr tion potentials are included. The calculations of qualitative analysis are explained, fallowed by s. set of problems. The andysis of 24 common cations Inkrpmlation of Organic Spectra follows the section an theory. The cations are divided into the five u w d groups Edited by D. W. Mathieson, London --chloride, sulfide(scid), sulfide(hasic), University. Academic Press, Inc., New carbonate, snd soluble. Lead is included 179 pp. Figs. and York, 1965. ix in group one hut not in group two, so tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $7. lead must be omitted from the general unknowns. In order to obtain better This book adds to the rapidly growing correlation between the class and laboralist devoted to spectral analysis of organic tory work, the groups are studied in compounds. The contributors assume reverse order (group five first). After an adequate knowledge of the principlq the preliminary exercises an the individual practice, and terminology of NMR, IR, cations are completed, directions and a snd mass spectroscopy and provide deflow sheet for the analysis of the gmup are tailed analyses of 12 NMR, 8 IR, and 10 provided. Study questions to check mass spectra. Six NMR and I R unthe understanding of the analysis are knowns are also presented.
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provided for each group. The analysis of general unknowns requires the separa, tion of the groups and the order of separa, tion is tbe reverse of that followed in the study of the individual groups. The book is concise and the working directions are good. I t is a good manual for those courses where qualitative analysis is given as part of freshman chemistry.
Diamagnetism and the Chemical Bond
Ya. G . Dorfman, Leningrad State University. Translated by Scripta Technica. Trans. ed. by Chmles P. Poole, Jr., University of South Carolina, Columbia. American Elsevier PublishingCo., Inc., New York, 1965. x 182 pp. Figs. and tables. 14 X 22.5 cm. $10.
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LESTEEK I E ~ Although diamagnetism is a universal Bucknell University property of matter, interest in applying Lewisburg, Pennsylvania diamagnetic susceptibility to chemical problems bas much diminished since World War 11. One reason is that ESR techniques give the paramagnetic component for substances with unpaired electrons directly without the necessity of correcting for the underlying diamagnetism as must frequently be done when employing static susceptibility measurements. Very reOfRcial Methods of Analysis of the cently there has been s. slight revival in Associdion of Official Agricultural structural diamagnelism, probably beChemists cause of its close connection with NMR ehemical shift. Edited by William H d z , chairman, and Peter Chichilo, Paul A. Cliffwd, The product of this revival has been the and H e l a Reyzolds. Association of Ofpublication of two brief monographs each ficial Agricultural Chemists, Washingdescribing a semiempirical system for calton, D. C., 1965. 10th ed. 957 pp. culating diamagnetic susceptibilities of a Figs. and tables. 18.5 X 26.5 cm. wide variety of substances. One of these $22.50. is Dorfman's book. Orgindy published in Russian in 1961, it appeared in a GerThis is s book of stmdrtrd methods for man translation in 1964 and now in a the analysis of foods, drugs, cosmetics, slightly revised English edition. (The and a wide variety of agricultural prodother monograph, by Haberditzl, was pubucts. Each analytical procedure has been lished in East Berlin in 1964.) adopted only after it has been proved to he According to quantum mechanics the reliable and to give reproducible results measured diamagnetic susceptibility, X , is in an officially oonduoted collaborative composed of two terms: a usually sizeable study among several different laboratories. negative one, the "Langevin diamagne The standard methods thus established tism" corresponding to that obtained from are used in the enforcement of legal classical theory, plus s. small positive regulations and they serve both industry term, the "Van Vleek," or temperatureand government as a basis for specificaindependent paramagnetism, such that tions. Established methods are also of x = xo XP. I t is the latter term which value in research work in which c e d i n would he the principal structure-sensitive quantities can be precisely defined only factor were it accessible to direct calculsi work in which certain quantities can be tion or separate measurement. Dorfprecisely defined only in tenns of an man's scheme depends upon the use of analytical method. The significance of Kirkwood's relation between xD and molar data on the fiber content of feed, for polsriaability to obtain xp by difference. example, depends directly upon a standard Thus two experimental parameters are method for fiber determination. needed, the measured diamagnetic suscep This 10th edition is 125 pages larger tibility and the refractive index. than the previous (1960) edition. (See Dorfman reviews the data and cancluTKIS JOURNAL, 38, 431 [August, 19611.) sions he has d r a m from the application of New methods appesr chiefly in the areas of his method in four of the hook's seven pesticide residues, drugs, and food adchapters. These deal with ionic suhditives reflecting the greater emphasis now stances, covalent compounds with single being placed on potentially bwardous and multiple bonds, aromatic compounds, materials. Notable additions to the s e e anisotropy, coordination complexes, and a tion of fertilizers are the quinaline molybbrief treatment of nuclear resonsnee. date method for determination of phosAlthough some of the correlations are phorus and the use of atomic absorption ingenious, the method does not seem wellspectroscopy for the determination of enough developed to make its use as a minor nutrients. Very few new methods structural tool reliable. The theory is have been adopted in the areas of food very "elastic" and-though an improvecomposition, flavors, preservatives, vita, ment upon the purely empirical increment mins, colors, and cosmetics. system of Pascalkatill admits too many For those who sre concerned with enrtdjwtrtble factors for various types of forcing or complying with regulations this volume is s, necessity. It should be of some value in educational libraries as a reference for information on orocedures properties. Parenthetically, it may be and methods currently used in'an impornoted that the Elaberdital method seems to tant field of analytical chemistry. be somewhat more refined and applicable LOYALR. STONE to a wider variety of organic compounds, a t least. Hess & Clark Ashland, Ohio The present volume suffers from two
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specific flaws in the reviewer's judgment First, there is no appraisal of experimental methods used in gathering either the sue ceptibility or polsriaability data used in spite of the fact that deviations are sametimes exolained awav on the basis of experimental innccumry. Thi*. Iruaever, in a matter of judgment, rsidinp, pmly perhaps, in the edirorixl policirri of Soviet publishing houses. What is much less defensible is the la& of attention paid to the proper use of significant figures in the results of calculations contained in the extensive tabulations. Especially &grant abuses are to be found on pp. 56, 74, and 90, but there are too many other examples all through the books. Since the important structural datum is often the difference of two sizeable numbers, this csrelessneas decreases the usefulness of the work greatly. It seem inexcusable in a book now appearing for the third time. Other errors of fact are found on D. 70 (inwmromir diptanres and dissociation enprgiw of HCI and DCI), p. 83 tpolnrity of (:(:la hundr), and on pp. I I G 7 the lacof pentavalent carbon leads the author to wrong canelusions based upon wrong formulas. There appears to be a logical inconsistency in the author's extrapolation method for obtaining experimental values of susceptibilities of organic gases. The bibliography contains minor errors including the reference to the key to Dorfman's whole system, the 1932 paper of Kirkwood. Typography is good except that mathematical material is set in such a line, spidery type that symbols with subscripts are difficultto read without m a d c a t i o n . In summssy, this is a book tnly for the large general library. Even the specialist is warned to use the data with caution; he will have to reealeulste much of it in order to assess its precision. However, in these days of research fads and "hot" topics, it is fascinating to read an account, o c w sionally, of a field which is extremely inactive!
JUDSON L. I ~ m a liniversity of Hawaii Haolulu
Molecular Symmetry: An Introduction to Group Theory and Its Uses in Chemistty David S. Schonland, University of D. Van Southampton, England. Nostrand Co., Ltd., New York, 1965. 298 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X xii 23.5 cm. $12.
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Those using Cotton's familiar book (See JOURNAL, 41, 113 119641) on group theory as a text ought to take their lectures from Scbonland! The two supplement eaoh other nicely, as a comparison of them quickly shows. Neither book suffers for the comparison. The book by Cotton is appealing because of its intuitive approach, and its emphasis on applicetions to chemical problems. Appearing a t a time when there were few THIS
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