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molecule exactly balance and render it neutral. Such orinci~lesas the commonion effect;solubility &duct, and complexion formation. which are derived from the law of mass action, are referred to throughout the text but are not derived or explained in it. Doubtless it is expected that the instructor will do this for the class. The scheme of analysis is the usual hydrogen sulfide separation, ammonium polysulfide being used to separate the divisions of Group 11. Also as usual the pages devoted to the anions are ahout onehalf as numerous as those devoted to the cations. I t is the opinion of the reviewer that close connection between theory and practice has been attained and that the hook will prove very useful in teaching qualitative analysis. CARLOTTO U N I V B R S I T Y OR
MAINS
oaoxo, M*INB
Fundamentals of Physical Chemistry. EARLC. H. DAYIES,Professor of Physical Chemistry, West Virginia University. P. Blakiston's Sons & Co., Inc., 370 pp. 78 Philadelphia, 1932. vii Illustrations. 14.5 X 21.5 cm. $2.75.
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This hook is intended for sophomores who have had general chemistry and whose training does not demand the mathematical treatment given in the more advanced courses in physical chemistry, hut whose interest in the sciences calls for some knowledge of the subject. This hook treats mostly of the subjects taken up in the mare advanced course, hut in a more elementary and less mathematical fashion, however, nor hesitating t o use mathematics when necessary. It attempts t o give the student a view of the usefulness of physical chemistry, and a working knowledge of the subject through its description of methods and illustrations of apparatus. In an attempt t o give the student a broad view, some material has been introduced which appears t o he rather advanced for second-year chemistry, hut most of the subject matter can he grasped by the serious student. A knowledge of organic
DECEMBER, 1932
chemistry would seem to be very desirable before considering such subjects as catalysts and proteins, and body catalysts. Hydrogen ions and the various methods for their determination are covered quite thoroughly. Chapters which are found unsuitable or too advanced can readily he omitted and still Leave an abundance of material. The course as given by the author consists of two lectures and one three-hour laboratory period each week for one semester. Laboratory may he optional, in which case demonstrations should accompany the lectures, and a number of these are included in the text. A list of suggested experiments is mentioned hriefly in the Appendix, so that by reference to the main portion of the text, they can be performed by the student without much help from the instructor. Seventy-nine tables are included to illustrate laws and theories and supply data needed in calculations and problems. Exercises and problems a t the end of each chapter serve as a review and test of the student's ability to reason. Numerous references to original articles are given, many of them to this year's publication. qeachers who are giving courses in elementary physical chemistry to students interested in the general sciences should find this book very helpful. D. C. LICHTENWALNER D a % x a I~srrrurs ~ P a r ~ ~ o a ~PBNNA. ~xr~,
Qualitative Organic Analysis. OLIVER KA-. Scientific Director, Parke, Davis & Co., formerly Assistant Professor of Chemistry, The University of Illinois. Second edition. John Wiley and Sons. 311 Inc., New York City, 1932. in pp. 18 Figs. 15 X 23 cm. $2.75.
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The second edition of Kamm's "Qualitative Organic Analysis" follows closely the plan of the first. The additions necessary to bring the work up-to-date have resulted in an expansion in size of approximately twenty per cent. The solubility behavior of organic compounds is first treated. A discussion
VOL.9. No. 12
RECENT BOOKS
of classification reactions of organic compounds follows, and succeeding chapters deal with simple nitrogen and sulfur compounds, compounds with unlike substituents, and the determination of physical constants. The next section of the bwk is devoted t o experiments on the classificationreactions. Here areincluded three experiments not described in the first edition. The new experiments are: the differentiationbetween primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols by the method of Lncas, the behavior of carbonyl and thiol compounds toward alkaline nitroprusdde, the differentiation of -SH. C S , and -SS groups by means of Grote's reagent and the isocyanide reaction for the diagnosis of primary amines. The experiment dealing with the bisulfite reaction of aldehydes and methyl ketones, which is found in the earlier edition, has been omitted. This reaction is of doubtful utility in qualitative analytical work, and the experiment describing it is well omitted. The remaining chapten deal with the preparation of derivatives, quantitative analysis of substituent groups, and examination of mixtures. The balance of the book is devoted to a number of tables of compounds arranged in accordance with the author's solubility table. The section of the book dealing with the preparation of derivatives has been expanded by nearly one-half. It is gratifying t o find in one place an up-to-date compilation of the numerous useful methods of preparing from common substances derivatives which are suitable for characterization. This part of the book should prove very helpful to research students. The author has avoided carefully making his method too systematic. As a consequence, the student is afforded ample opportunity t o exercise his ingenuity, and by accurate observation and thoughtful planning t o formulate his awn method of attack. This new edition of &mm will be welcomed by those who have been using
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the first edition, and it should make many new friends, for it is well written, and up-to-date. Print and paper are of good quality. NATHANL. DRAKE UNIVERSITY or MARYLAND C o ~ ~ e oPARK, n MARYLAND
The Free Energies of Some Organic Compounds.. GEORGESUTTONP A R ~ S . AssociatePrafes~r, Stanford University, MARTIN HUPPMAN, Assistant and HUGH Professor California Institute of Technology. American Chemical Society Monograph, No. 60. The Chemical Catalog Co., 419 Fourth Avenue, New York City, 1932. 251 pp. 16 Figs. 45 Tables. 15 X 23 cm. $4.50. This book presents all available free energy data for organic compounds and includes many measurements by the authors, previously unpublished. The unreliability of some present data and the complete lack of information on many important subjects are indicated. The fist part of the book considers explanations, fundamental definitions, and constants. Hydrocarbons of various types (parHffin, unsaturated aliphatic, and cyclic), comp~undsof hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen (alcohols, phenols, acids, etc.), and substances containing nitrogen, halogen, or sulfur are discussed with as much detail as the data permit. There are separate chapters summarizing the relative free energy relations for hydrocarbons and oxygen compounds. The last two chapters contain a discussion of the effect of structure modification on entropy and free energy, and examples of the use of the values obtained on various reactions. A table of the free energies of the two hundred compounds considered is given and in the appendixes some points on numerical factors, notation, entropy, and its estimation below 90°K. are discussed. This is the first attempt to correlate and present the subject matter of this field. Most of the free energy values are obtained from specific heats and heats of combustion bv using the Third Law of Thermodynamics. The authors and their col-
