Frank L. Pilar, Addison-Wesley Puhlishing Co., Reading, MA, 1979. i 769 pp. Figs. &tables. 25.1 X 20 cm.
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The general chemistry text "ChemistryThe Universal Science" by Frank Pilar is a good choice for a class that contains students having a wide range of professional goals. This text makes reasahable compromises between what one would expect in a text for good science majors and the average nonscience student. The book is well written and has both adequate drawings and problems at the end of each chapter. The order of the chapters is traditional. The text starts with general definitions, stoichiometry, the gaseous state, electronic structure of the atoms, and proceeds to chemical bonding, geometry of molecules, and then states of matter and solutions. Chemical equilibrium (Chapter 12) is treated before kinetics (Chapter 20). Between chemical equilibrium and kinetics are chapt e n on acid-base chemistry, chemical reactions, hydrogen, oxygen and H20, two chapters on organic chemistry, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry. One of the unique aspects of this book is the comparatively large emnhasis on oreanic chernistrv. There is a chapter on funrt,onal groups, another un chemical reacttons, and an excellent chapter on polvmers and pol)rner~?at~on The rest of the book contains chapters on the various elements and their compounds and a short chapter on biochemistry. In the hack of the hook are the common type appendices (metric svstem. nomenclature etc.l and a unique eection on the construction and use of contour diagrams.
-Reviewed
P i W s text does not emphasize the inductive method of teaching chemistry. For example, he explains the wave model of the atom before he provides the experimental foundations for this model. The gss laws are given and explained hut not derived fmm experimental data provided in the text. The relative rigor of this text is best illustrated in the chapter on acids and bases. This chapter covers acid and base dissociation problems, common ion effect, pH, buffer, and some titration problems but does not cover such problems as polyacids, metal ion hydrolysis, formation conatants of metal complexes such as Ag(NH*)lt. There is a short discussion of selective precipitation of sulfides in the descriptive chemistry an sulfurs. In summary most of the chapters are somewhat less rigorous than Mortimer's textbook but more rigorous than Holum's text. The amount of organic chemistry is more than Mortimer's text and far less than is found in Holum's text. This textbook is recommended to anv teacher who must integrate intomeclsss the needs of many different types of students. Ellfott L. Bllnn Bowling Gmm State Unlwrsify Bowling Green. OH 43403
James S. Fritz, Iowa State University, George H. Schenk, Wayne State University; Allyn and Bacon, Inc., Boston, 1919. iv 659 pp. Figs. & tables. 23.5 X 18.5 cm. $19.95.
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Fritz and Schenk's "Quantitative Analytical Chemistry," now in its 4th Edition has
not been renewed on these pages ~ i n c ethe appearance of the original version in 1966 (ThisJ o u m l . 44.62 (lYli7,). It hasgradually expanded, along with all other contemporary texts, from that initial 516 pages to the current 661 pages. The authors, thmugh the various editions, have ietained the strennths in snectronhotometry, chnnnatography. and nonaqueous acid-bape chemistry. The current edition hap been brought up-to-date in all of the unual areas of analytical chemistry, with many references to recent research, including that of both authors. In common with some other texts, a brief introduction to spectrophotometry is made in Chapter 5 and then followed hy athomugh, hut concise, treatment of electronic absorption spectra and related phenomena in Chapter 23. The coverage of electrochemistry is "bare bones," but it touches all of the standard methods. Those looking for a detailed treatment of gravimetric analysis will not find it in this book, although three clansical eravimetric exoeriments are included. An meresting feature rs the inclus~onof a chapter, and an acccmpanying experiment, on the usage of reaction rates in analytrcal chemistry. The section on ionic equilibria has a few innovative presentations, such as an interesting graph showing the error caused by the assumption that the concentration of the undi-iated form ofaweak monoorotic acid is equal u, rts analytrcal ronrentratlon. Extenswe usage IS made of graph* in the d a cussion of titrations. One of the strengths of the book is the wide range of experiments presented by the authois. I t is now becoming common in analytical texts to include hiologically-oriented exoeriments. We find the Determination of vikamin C in Dehydrated Juice Solids and the Fluorometric Determination of Vitamin D as the offerings m this text. Other interesting variants on standard experiments are the Near-Infrared Determination of Water in Acetic Acid-Water Mixtures, A Photometric Titration of Copper (11) with EDTA, the Analysis of a Razor Blade for Iron (The students should have a close shave with that
in this Issue
Fmnk L. Pilor, Chemistry-The Universal Science James S. Fritz and George H. Schenk, Quantitative Analytical Chemistry Jane M. Cram and Donald J . Cram, The Essence of Organic Chemistry G. H. Williams, editor, Organic Chemistry: A Conceptual Approach Audrey L. Companion, Chemical Bonding Klaus Florey, editor, Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances. Vol. 8 Morton Lippmann and Richard 8.Schlesinger, Chemical Contamination in the Human Environment
Reviewer Elliott L. Blinn Wayne C. Wolsey James F.Wolfe Frank L. Lamhert W. F. Arendale Patrick S. Callery Donald H. Williams
A219 A219 A220 A220 A220 A221 A221
Volume57, Number 7, July 1980 / A219
one!), and the Amperometric Titration of Mereaptans. Several good separation experiments are also included. Instructors will find the grouping d p n b lems at the end of the chapters, clearly identified by topics, to be an aid in selecting assignments. Answers to most of the oddnumbered problems are included in the appendix. An Instructor's Manual is available. Occasional errors do appear, mostly minor, but one wonders about the proofreading when one fmds the word chromatogram used instead of polarogram on p. 317 and the statement "Each species in an ion pair hears a fullw i t i v e charge" onp. 195. It is irritating to find a table (p. 353) identifying common chelating reagents used in solvent extraction onlv hv abbreviation. 6ve;all, the authors should be commended on bringing a goud textbook up-to-date and making it putentially more useful fur students. Thme who are lookine for a book with more emohasis on classical &alvsismavwant to look elsewhere, but the authors hive attempted ta reflect current trends in analytical chemistry. ~
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Wayne C. Wolsey Wacscalester Colfep St Paul, MN 55105
The Essence of Organlc Chernlstry Jane M. Cram & Donald J. Cram, University of California, Los Angeles. Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, 62 pp. Figs. 19.5 X 24 MA, 1978. xv em.
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This hook would seem to be an excellent text for a one-semester organic chemistry course in which the instructor wishes toemphasize applications of organic theory and reactions to life processes. The authors have done a masterful job of weaving biological examples of organic reactions into a very comprehensive survey of classical organic chemistry. The text is organized in the traditional functional group pattern. The first three chapters are devoted to chemical bonding, saturated hydrocarbons, and unsaturated compounds, respectively. Chapter 2 includes the neeessarv introduction to svstematic ,~~~ nomenclature and structural theory, invluding p r ~ n r ~ p l eois isomerism and cmformn. tim. Chaptrr 3 is usrd as a vehicle fur presenting a variety of unsaturated functional groups such as alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, and carhoxylic acids. Typical organic reactions begin in Chapter 4 with additions to alkenes and alkynes; the structural features of teroenes are covered a t the end of this chapter. (.'hnpter 5deals with the preparntam and chemistry of alrohds, phenols, ethers, and rpoxidei. Chapter 6, im alkgl hnlidm and related compounds, is used to introduce the concepts of nucleophilic substitution and elimination. This chapter also deals with esters of phosphoric and sulfuric acids, as well as orzanwulfur eomoounds. These tooics are " then usrd as the l~aririvr dircus~mnsof terpene biusynthcsi*and biological transmethA220 / Journal of Chemical Education
ylatiun. Stereurhemiatry is ewered in Chapter 7, the last twc~.~ctionsofwhrehdeal with the ~tereorhrmiutrv of nuclewhilic substitution and elimina&n. chapter 8 is concerned with carboxvlic acids. acid chlorides, amider, and anh;,dridel. 'l'he mechaniim of nucleophilic acyl substitution is intruduced here. The chemistry of esters and thioesters constitutes the hulk of Chapter 9, which also contains a discussion of fats, phospholipids, soaps, and detergents. The chapter concludes with a section on biological ester formation. Chaoter 10 is devoted to a description of the chemistry of aminea, am~ d r sand , proteins. The last four scctions of this chnpter treat amino acid sequencing in proteins, chemical synthesis of proteins, enzymatic hydrolysis of amide bonds, and structural organization of proteins. ALdehydes and ketones are introduced in Chapter 11. Major emphasis is placed on carbonvl addition reactions. with a more detoilrd discussion of aldol condensations appraring In Chapter 14 Chapter I I concludes nit h srrtions un biological oxidation-rrduction interconversions of carbonyl and hydroxy functions and the role of pyridoxal phosphate in biochemical transaminations. Chapter 12 is dedicated to aromatic compounds, beginning with resonance and continuing through examples of typical electrophilic substitutions, the directing influence of substituents, the chemistry of diazonium salts, and a final section on synthetic dyes and natural pigments. Carbohydrates and sugar containing compounds are treated in Chapter 13. The last four srctionq of the c h a ~ t e deal r with N-~lvcosidrsof D-rihose and nucleic acids. including ATP, NAG Chapter 14 is entitled, "Carbon-Chain Building Reactions," and it is here that the most detailed discussion of the synthetic utility of Grignard reagents and sodium end a t e s is presented. There are also several examoles of hiochemieal aldol., Claisen..~ and mal
