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TWELVE LECTURES ON THEORKTICAL RHEOLOGY
Markus Reiner, Professor, The Technical College, Haifa, Israel. Second edition. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1949. 158 pp. 54 illustrations. 14.5 X 22 om. $4. Tars book, although termed second edition, is actually an enlarged and quite appreciably revised edition of the author's "Ten Lectures On Theoretical Rheology" whioh Was published for the first time in 1943. Anyone who has read the same author's book on "Deformation and Flow-An Elementary Introduction to Theoretical Rheology" and who has taken interest in this important branch of science certainly may not overlook this highly specialized and highly theoretical contribution. The lectures cover specifically the following topics: Rheological Kinematics; Rheological Dynamics; The Pascalian Liquid; The Hooke Solid and the Newtonian Liquid; Dimensional Considerations; Elastic After Effects; Strength, Rupture and Plastic Flow; Macro- and Microrheology; Einstein's Law of the Visoosity of Sols; and A Dynamied Theory of Strength, only to mention a few of the high-spots. The treatment is admittedly highly mathematical but for anyone interested in theoretical rheology these lectures are indispensable.
compound~tc.," on page 152 will certainly not be understood by the student at this point without the aid of the teacher. "The most common base is white lead, etc.," page 206, may be some what unfair to the expanding titanium industry. However, very few actual errors in printing have been discovered by the reviewer although a few do exist. (Certainly NaCl is not sodium hypochlorite, page 93, as one example.) The over-all impression received on reading the bbok is good. Excellent type, good paper! good exercise questions and problems which are distributed withm rather than a t the end of the c h a p ters, and sentence structure of a nature that makes for ease of reading-these are definite advantagw of the book. Lack of sufficient explmtnation of certain key words or types of problems will be minor irritations to the student, hut they will not be too frequent. The photographs, drawings, and diagrams are of good quality and sufficientin number. The reviewer believes the book will be satisfactory for many liberal arts students desiring an over-all picture of chemistry, and certainly should be considered far many applied-science freshman chemistry courses. W. R. BTEINBACH
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
GENERAL AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY Arnold I. Currier, Associate Professor of Chemistry, and Arthur Rose, Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pennsylvania. McGraw-Hill Book 275 pp. 33 tables. 65 figs. Co., Inc., New Yark, 1948. ix 16 X 23.5 cm. $3.
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INTHIS text the authors present avery brief treatment of many of the usual materials covered in general chemistry. The latter part of text's title, "Applied Chemistry," is correct, but no greater applied information is given within the text than is normally found in the usud general chemistry book in the reviewer's opinion. In general, this reviewer believes it is a text that should be considered by a chemistry teacher who is looking for a shartform book; who is "fed-up" with the voluminous material generally given in the usual freshman text, and who considers himself an excellent freshman chemistry teacher. There are 255 pages of material divided into thirty chapters. Somewhat less than three chapters pertain to organic chemistry, and about eighteen chapters to discussions of elements, families of elements, and their compounds. The others cover principles of chemistry. Student use of the book may eemphasise some minor disadvantages of the many skimpy and oftentimes belated explannations. Examples are: "subscripts used hut not explained," page 5; "lack of explanation for the use of 2 times the number of atomic weights" in example 2, page 8; ''no Law of Multiple Proportion discussion as yet" far example 5, page 9; and many other examples such as (Metals and Non-metals) page 18; (a)page 24; (temperature) page 27; (only method 1, molecular weight determinations) page 108; (reversibility, H2S) page 117; ("per" nomenolature) page 119; ("bi" nomenclature) page 120; etc. Most of these would not bather the student having had highschool chemistry, but for the average liberal arts students enlarged and earlier explanations would be most profitable and a t times essential. No doubt most of this is accomplished in the classes taught by the authors. The statement, "An alcohol is a
George L. Clark, Professor of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urhana, Illinois, Leonard b Naah, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, and Robert B. Fischer, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Indiana University. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, 1949. xxi 448 pp. 51 figs. 15 X 22 cm. $4.25.
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quantitative analysis. I t presents a conventional approach to the elementary course in quantitative analysis, except for a more thorough treatment than is usually given for the problem of obtaining and of separating a pure solid phase from a solution. The discussion of the latter topics is enlivened by the use of electron miomgraphs to illustrate the features of precipitation and entrainment. The introduction of such material should aid the instructor in presenting what is probably the most interesting and important aspect of gravimetrie methods of analysis-the purity of the precipitate. The lilbor&tory procedures given include the customary gravimetric and titrimetrio procedures plus interesting methods for the dkalimetric determination of duminum based on the reaction of precipitated duminum oxide or hydroxide with potassium fluoride to generate hydroxyl ion. The authors in the preface consider the book as divided into gravimetric analysis, volumetrio analysis, and i n s t m e n t a l analysis. The material in the two chapters an the latter area consists of ten pages on colorimetry and spectrophotometry and ten pages an other optical and electrical methods. The former section covers Lambert-Beer's Law, comparators, filter and spectrophotometers; the addition of diagrams would have been a great help; the ~rocedures&en are the Nessler method far ammonia. usine ~~, ~ e s s l e rtub&, and the periodate manganase method using Duboscq calorimeter. One-third of the second section is devoted to a discussion of electx-deposition in which is given a procedure for copper; the remainder of the chapter has brief sections on other optical and electrical techniques with a page of selected references on instrumental analysis. Two pa&s-on potentiometric titrations are included elsewhere in the book.
a
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
472 It seems to the reviewer that the student should be introduced to the Nernst equation by writing the logarithmic term of that equation as an expression for the equilibrium constant for the reaction concerned. The authors, in common with many other authors of textbooks on quantitative analysis, write half-cell reactions as reductions, e. g.,
Fe+++
+ e = Fe++
and then write the Nernst equstion (p. 324fas
E
=
E" + 0.0591 log n I red 1 volts
While this expression is mathematically correct, it would be preferable to write the logarithmic term a9
--0.0591
.
n
['edl
.
..
10x1
LEONARD D. JAFFE
in order to emphasize the significance of the term, especially when (p. 325) the right-hand part of the term is called "the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction." Furthermore, it should be indicated that the numerical part of the term, 0.0591, is temperature-dependent and is a simple expression involving temperature, two physical constants familar to the students, and a conversion factor from natural to decimal logs. Physically, the book is attractive, being well printed on good paper and well bound. However, the book is, unfortunately, printed in small t,ype with the further serious defect of having the actual laboratory procedures printed in yet smaller type. Since laboratory procedures artre usually read at distances exceeding that of normal vision, they should be printed in moderately large type. Furthermore, the rather common error is made of using long solid paragraphs for the procedures; such blocks of type are a definite hmdioap to the student in the laboratory. The appendixes include 16 pages on the arithmetic and algebra useful in quantitative analysis cdculations, four pages on standardizing weights, five Fsge8 on st,atisticsl treatment of data, and fourteen psges on tables of equilibrium constants, prepam tion of indicator solutions, etc. There is no table of logar~thms. The two psges of the inside rear cover are devoted to a reproduction of the interesting and useful Eastman Kodak chart of the pH intervals of color change far neutralization indicators. The book would adequately provide the lecture and labor* tory basis for either a one-semester or two-semester course in quantitative chemical analysis. PHILIP I. ELVING Tnz PEXN~YWANIA STATEC O ~ E U E STATE COGIE(I%, PENNBTGYANIA
HARDENABILITY AND STEEL SELECTION
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to brittle behavior is given only two sentences. As a result, the authors are forced into various vague and repetitive statements as to the need for ductility in steel, and seem unable to justify temoerine itself. Ir is i~rrrrwingthat .\Ie.
