BOOKREVIEWS
Jan. 20, 1957
Pascal’s earlier treatise adds little t o the utility of this volume. A presentation based on current ideas of the state of the art, with a detailed description of the more recent work and a summary treatment of material previously exposed, would serve equally well the needs of the chemical public. FRICK CHEMICAL LABORATORY PRINCETON UXIVERSITY DAVIDGARVIN
507
general study of particulate clouds, including methods of dispersion; changes due to coagulation and settling; methods of sampling; and determination of mass concentration, particulate concentration and size distribution, with considerable discussion of statistical treatment of results. Part 11 cites a few illustrative examples of applications of aerosol studies to practical problems. The first chapter of 43 pages is devoted t o a discussion of silicosis a s a typical problem of industrial hygiene. This is followed by a chapter PRINCETON, SEWJERSEY of 27 pages on an industrial application-the filtration of industrial dusts. T h e next chapter briefly treats military uses of aerosols as smoke screens and toxic smokes, and points out problems common t o aerosols of military and Transport Processes in Applied Chemistry. The Flow of industrial origin. The final short chapter deals with such Physical Properties in Chemical Reactors. By R. C. L. miscellaneous applications as meteorological studies of clouds BOSWORTH, Ph.D. (Cantab.), DSc. (Adel.), F. Inst. P., and fogs, medicinal aerosols, insecticides and dust explosions. F.R.A.C.I. John Wileyand Sons, Inc., 440FourthAvenue, M . Avy says that his purpose in writing this book is to hTew York 16, N. Y . 1956. x 387 pp. 14.5 X 22 cm. give a general view of the properties of aerosols which will Price, $12.00. facilitate applications to an increasing number of practical The author presents a somewhat original attack on the problems connected with them, and also t o present briefly problem of presentation of transport processes in general the present status of several important problems, on the for Chemical Engineers and applied chemists. He has at- basis of recent work in France and elsewhere. He is well tained some success, marred by the uneven quality of cer- qualified. t? write such a book. H e has been instrumental tain sections. T h e first five chapters on the Significance in organizing yearly international colloquia on dusts and is and iMechanism of Transport Properties, the Phenomenolog- a t present the chief engineer for the French armament ical Description, on the concept of Potential, and on Cou- industry. The author has chosen to write a n introduction to the pled Transport Processes are very well done. These would constitute a n excellent introduction t o the field for a senior subject, rather than a treatise, and has covered a good deal or early graduate student. On specific topics he appears t o of material in less than 300 pages. His book is well orbe rather shallow. On page 94 he refers to experimental ganized, lucidly written, profusely illustrated, and well data in some papers which contain no experimental data. printed: but its usefulness would be enhanced considerably His failure t o refer to Enskog and Chapman in discussing by a good index, for which its fairly complete table of contents is not a satisfactory substitute, and by more references the theory of thermal diffusion is inexcusable. Chapters VI through X discuss specific modes of trans- to the original literature and t o some of the pieces of apport. These seemed quite superficial to me. T h e discussion paratus which are illustrated. M. Avy wisely chose not to is not as detailed as a n ordinary undergraduate chemical attempt complete coverage of the copious literature of this engineering course in these fields, but is otherwise a t this subject, but he would have helped the reader wishing t o level. T h e references appeared to be selected by going apply some of the methods of aerosol study t o his own through abstracts with no selection as to relative signifi- specific problems if he had listed in every case the key refercance. The chapter on Diffusion makes no mention of the ences which describe them. The choice of topics may be a matter of individual preferexcellent text by Hirschfelder, Curtiss and Bird. ence, but this reviewer felt the lack of a few items which Chapter XI on Irreversibility is well done and would would have improved the balance of the book. In discusagain serve as a good introduction. The author’s concept of the “Grand Transport Process” is an interesting one, sing experimental methods of studying aerosols, the author although this reviewer has not yet convinced himself of its emphasizes chiefly the classical methods and has little to usefulness. Severtheless, its introduction adds to the say of the recent development of more rapid methods of counting and sizing aerosol particles. Thus under autohook. There are some worthwhile and thought provoking con- matic counting he briefly describes Guyton’s electrostatic cepts well presented in the last six chapters. The dis- instrument, but makes no mention of photoelectronic counting in the aerosol phase, which may be applied to even smaller cussion of feed-back is particularly useful. Where the author discusses general principles, he presents particles, or of the many ingenious methods of automatized them in an intelligent and original manner. His forte seems counting and sizing of particulate samples on microscope to be the bringing together of problems treated in widely slides, which hare been developed chiefly in England and were discussed in the Conference on Particle Size Analysis varying fields t o show that they fit a single set of principles. held by the (British) Institute of Physics a t the University His discussion of specific processes is too superficial to be of of Xottingham in April, 1954. It seems also that the reader much value. The hook can be recommended to students as an introduc- interested in understanding and applying the light-scattering properties of aerosols would profit by the inclusion of tion to important and useful generalizations, presented in an more than the half dozen pages devoted to this subject. original manner. Certainly this could well include references to r a n de Hulst’s 113 EASTCHEMISTRY BUILDISG definitive theoretical discussion of light scattering and the ITXIVERSITYO F IILISOIS H. G . DRICKAMEK elegant optical methods of determining size and mass conLTRf3ASA, ILLIXOIS centration of aerosols to be found in the extensive work of Lahler and Sinclair and their collaborators. . .These oniissions are minor in comparison to the author’s solid achievement in writing a book which will he useful to Les ABrsols. Uy A . P. Avu, Ingeiiieur e11 chcf dcs Pabricn- a wide variety of persons wishing a general introduction t o tions d’armement detachi., au Laboratorie central des this important and growing field. Services chimiques de l’Etat, Laureat de 1’Institut. Dunod, 92 Rue Ronaparte, Paris 6, France. 1956. x DEPARTMEST OF CHEMISTRY 292 pp. 16 X 24.5 cm. Price, 2.700 F. INDIANA UNIVERSITY FRASK ‘r. CUCKER INDIAXA The author presents in clear and simple form a discussion BLOOMINGTON, of aerosols-which he defines as suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas-and some practical uses to which their study can he put. Part I , comprising slightly more than half of the book, Professor of Quantum Field Theory. By H. UMEZAWA, deals with general properties of aerosols. The first chapter Physics University of Tokyo. Interscience Publishers, of 46 pages discusses individual properties of the dispersed Inc., 250 Fifth Avenue, New York 1, New York. 1956. particles and methods of observation; the effect of a gravixiv 364 pp. 16 X 23 cm Price, $9.75. tational field; Brownian movement and diffusion; particulate shape and density; vapor pressure and rate of evaporaIn this text, the author has given us an excellent presentation; electrification, thermal precipitation and optical tion of the quantum theory of fields, without concealing the unsatisfactory basis on which it rests. Although there is a properties. The second chapter of 107 pages takes up a
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BOOKREVIEWS
508
Vol. 79
good historical survey of the development of the theory of show the structure of the book in great detail. The text is elementary particles, the treatment as a whole tends t o be followed b y a list of nearly 700 references including about formal rather than physical. This is by no means a dis100 patents, and, finally, by a 20-page index. Anyone advantage, since there is no real agreement among theoretical interested in the technical aspects of photography will find physicists t h a t t h e present formalism can be adequately rethis volume informative and useful. lated t o experiment. T h e text contains not only t h e usual I i O D A K RESEARCH LABORATORIES material on quantum electrodynamics, b u t also considerable KODAKCOMPANY FRANZ URBACH attention is paid to higher spin fields. It concludes with a EASTMAN 4,SEW YORK very interesting chapter on the theory of propagators. Due ROCHESTER t o the inevitable time lag between writing and publication, the book contains no hint of the extension of the concept of isotopic spin due t o Gell-Mann and Pais, or of t h e recent work on dispersion relations. Otherwise it should serve The Chemistry of Phenolic Resins. The Formation, Structure, and Reactions of Phenolic Resins and Related Prodvery well the purpose of bringing the reader to the point W. MARTIN,Shell Development Co., ucts. BY ROBERT n here he can understand current papers on field theory. Emeryville California. John X’iley and Sons, Inc., 440 UNIVERSITY O F CALIFORNIB 298 pp. Fourth Avenue, New York 16, X. Y. 1956. xi RADIATION LABORATORY H PIERRESOYES 15.5 X 23.5 cm. Price, $9.50. LIVERMORE, CALIFORNIA There has been a need for a semi-critical survey in English of the chemistry of phenolic resins in the same pattern as Die Wissenschaftliche und Angewandte Photographie. Hultzsch’s “Chemie der Phenolharze” in German. MarFiinfter Band. Die Technik der Negativ- und Positiv- tin’s new book certainly satisfies this need. In the opinion verfahren. By EDWIN MUTTER, Hamburg. KURT of the reviewers, it is the best book t h a t has been written on phenolic chemistry. MICHEL, Editor. Springer-Verlag, Molkerbastei 5, %en The literature has bcen extensively covered into 19.551, Austria. 1955. xix 396 pp. 17 X 25 cm. Price, there are 1373 references. X very large number of topics Ganzleinen US 815.70. are treated with excellent review and detail. The author Dr. Mutter’s book is part of a handbook-like survey of has been particularly effective in presenting different viewscientific and applied photography, intended t o be a con- points on controversial areas of the subject without losing tinuation or resumption of the well known Handbook by the semi-critical approach. In one sense, there are those A . Hay a n d M. von Rohr. This volume deals with the mho would have been happy to have the personal-and pernegative and positive processes of black and white photogra- haps more critical-view of such an expert in the field as phy with silver halide gelatin emulsions. It is intended to Mr. Martin on some of these controversial areas. Howserve the scientist, t h e student and the practical worker. ever, this cannot be classified as a criticism of the method of The first chapters of the book contain a presentation of the presentation or of the book in general. It might have inbasic facts and concepts of photographic technique, a creased the significance of the discussion on many of the discussion of photographic chemicals, and a n introduction points on mechanisms and kinetics to have drawn on more to the theories of latent-image formation and of the developevidence outside the area of phenolic chemistry, although ment process. There follows a comprehensive treatment of again one cannot regard this as a criticism of a well-written thc various photographic techniques, such as development, book. fi sa t ion, washing, drying, intensification, reduction, toning, On page 264, there could have been more discussion on the desensitization, hypersensitization and latensification. point of acid catalysis. On page 267, there is no analysis of Nearly one-third of the text is devoted to a collection of the possibilities of why novolak resins are essentially linear formulas and specific processing instructions. The char- and short chained. Sprengling’s work and t h a t of Imoto acter of topics covered by the book varies greatly, ranging could have been discussed in this connection. But these from basic theoretical problems to such practical topics as the and other minor items are likely a matter of individual construction of developing tanks and the toxicity of photo- preference t h a t do not detract from the value of the book. graphic chemicals. Unavoidably, the treatment of many of This is a book that should be on the shelf of every organic the topics is superficial; some have iiot been brought up t o chemist. For those n-orking in t h e field of phenolics, it is a date, and some techniques are included which may be necessity. considered as obsolete. T o many readers the latter will be OF CHEMISTRS quite welcome since many techniques, which have now dis- DEPARTMEST ISSTITCTE OF BROOKLYN appeared from common practice, are interesting and con- POLYTECHXIC 1, NEW Y O R K C C;. OVERBERGER tain possible points of departure for future developments. BROOKLYN Every effort has been made t o make the book a useful refer- ST. REGISPAPERCOMP.%SS PASELPTE DIVIXOS ence work. About 350 pages of text are preceded b y a reG E O R G E 1’. SCIIR1I~I.I. markable table of contents whose 370 titles and subtitles TRENTON, X. J .
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