RESEARCH RESULTS . . . . . . immediately available All papers listed are being considered for possible publication in I&EC and I&EC Quarterlies. They are available in manuscript form prior to I&EC publication or alternatively for a t least three months.
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Concentration Polarizotion Effects in a Reverse Osmosis System. Assumption that transverse velocity across membrane is
Flow Development and Heat Transfer in Variable Viscosity Fluids. Equations of change for developing laminar flow in a
constant exaggerates effects of salt build-up and underestimates productive capacity of system. Results of present work give a more optimistic picture of possibilities of reverse osmosis for desalination.
tube with heat transfer and temperature-dependent viscosity are solved numerically for wide ranges of parameters. Flow development phenomena shown to be particularly important in cooling high Prandtl number fluids. D . E. Rosenberg and J . D . Hellums, Rice University Ms. 64-432 Subscribers $3.00 26 pages (7 figures) ~Vonsubscribers $6.00
W t f f i a m It’. Gill and Cht Tien, Syracuse University
MS. 6 4 - 4 7 8 7 9 p a g e s ( I f g u r e s , 7 table)
Subscribers $2.00 ~Vonsubscribcrs $4.00
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The Bonding of Fibrous Glass to Elastomers. All commercial Thermochemical Processes Stability in Closed Thermodynamic Systems. Extends author’s previous study of stability of isother-
mal processes in batch reactors to an arbitrary thermal regime, considering dependence of reaction-rate constant on temperature.
Franco P. Foraboschz, rniversity of Bologna, Italy
MS. 64-420 6 pages
Subscribers $1.00 Nonsubscribers $2.00
Deligniflcation of Wood by Hydrogenation In Presence of Dicobalt Octacarbonyl. Twelve compounds identified in soluble
product in catalyzed reaction of red spruce woodmeal with synthesis gas. Existence of biphenyl linkage between two guaiacyl propane units shown for one compound. Formation of three other compounds interpreted as product of oxo reactions of double bonds present in side chain of lignin building stones and also being formed during reaction.
Lucio S. .Vahurn, State Untuerszty College of Forestrji at Syracuse Uniuersity M s . 64-425 73 pages ( 7 tabfe)
Subscribns Nonsubscribers
$2.00 $4.00
Heat Generation and Gas Evolution as limiting Factors Regarding the Safety of Handling and Storage of Unstable Substances.
Describes a test method for hazards of self-ignition and consequences of gas evolution owing to decomposition. Based on measurement of heat produced and on pressure increase. Experimental results on a double-base propellant included.
J . L. C . van Geel, Technologisch Laboratorium R V O - T N O , Rysleyk, T h e Netherlands M s . 64-429 23 pages (13jgures)
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers $6.00
The Phase Separation of Some Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Resins. Separation of three commercial ABS resins shows a t least
two types, one a nitrile rubber-modified resin, the other graft modified. Polybutadiene in latter indicates that this rubbery homopolymer serves as the backbone for the graft.
B. D . Gesner, Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc. M s . 64-430 7 2 p a g e s (7 tabfes)
Subscribers yons subscribers
$2.00 $4.00
elastomers effectively bonded by chemical capable of reacting with both glass and rubber. Organic silanes most useful; unsaturated silanes very effective for bonding glass to peroxidecured elastomers. Bonding strengths a t ordinary temperatures as good as or better than those of respective vulcanizates; those a t higher temperatures show promise. Byron M . Vanderbilt and Robert E. Clayton, ESSOResearch and Engineering Go. Ms. 64-437 Subscribers 82.00 18pages ( 5 tables) Nonsubscribers $4.00 Analysis of Free Diffusion Experiments in Binary Systems.
A method which corrects for effect of volume change on mixing. Analysis of several cases offree diffusion in an ethyl alcohol-water system shows that large errors in calculated values of diffusion coefficients can arise if no correction is made for small volume changes during mixing. Methods of minimizing errors are outlined. J . L. Duda and J . S. Vrentas, T h e DOUI Chemical Go. Ms. 64-438 Subscribers $3.00 26 pages ( d j g u r e s , 1 tabfe) Nonsubscribers $6.00 Some Effects of Antiagglomerant Agents on Physical Properties of Divided Solids. Minute silica particles attach themselves to
surface of relatively large-size powder particles by electrostatic attraction and form a layer around each particle, increasing bulk density, reducing bulk shear and bulk tensile-strength, and neutralizing electrostatic charge of treated powder. Tests and procedures detailed. J . H. N a s h , G. G . Letter, and A. P. Johnson, Litton Systems, Inc. MS. 64-440 Subscribers $3.00 24 pages ( 74figures) Nonsubscribers $6.00 Dehydrogenation of Hydrocarbons over a Chromia-on-Alumina Catalyst in the Absence of Added Hydrogen. Feeds consisted of propane, 7 paraffins from Cg to C18, and methylcyclohexane.
At high conversions, increased cracking occurred with increasing molecular weight and length of alkyl side chain. Maximum endothermic heat was 460 B.t.u./lb. with propane. Mechanism of coke production for propane appears to involve propylene dehydrogenation products. A . W . Ritchie, R. D . Hawthorn, and A. C. hlixon, Shell Development Go. MS. 64-447 Subscribers $3.00 3 0 p a g e s ( 7 j g u r e s , 7 2 fables) Nonsubscribers 96.00
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JANUARY 1965
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RESEARCH RESULTS Monte Carlo Simulation of Reaction Kinetics.
Illustrates convergence of Monte Carlo simulation to results predicted by Laws of Mass Action. Shows a relationship between Monte Carlo sampling and numerical integration which should be useful in numerical solution of complex reactions difficult to solve by analytic procedures. Gerald D . Cohen, Allied Chemical Carp. Ms. 64-442 Su bscribers $2.00 1 5 p a g e s ( I table) Aronsubscribcrs 84.00 Distribution of Steady-State Concentrations in Multicomponent liquid-liquid Extraction. II. Partitlon Data for the System: Uranyl Nitrate-Nitric Acid-Tributyl Phosphate-KerosineType Diluent. Equilibrium relationships in the system uranyl
nitrate-nitric acid-20 to 40% v./v. TBP-diluent were studied, A method for computation of the components' distribution in the extraction process is proposed. Alexander .4pelblat and Moshe Faraggi, Israel Atomic Energy Commission, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Ms. 64-445 21 pages (7Jigures, 2 tables)
Subscribers iVonsubscribers
$3.00 56.00
local Mass Transfer Coefficients and Transfer Analogies in Agitated Vessels. An experimental study of local mass transfer
coefficient in agitated vessel presented as a function of vessel geometric parameters and impeller parameters in terms of Sherwood, Reynolds, Schmidt number correlations. A comparison with heat transfer in an analogous system is made.
Warren S . Askew and Robert B . Beckmann, University of Maryland Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00
M s . 64-446 20.bages (GJigures, 2 tables)
Comparison of Paper Grade Pulps Prepared by Different Pulp. ing Methods. Chemical and papermaking properties, yield,
and bleachability of pulps affected by different 1- and 2-stage sulfite pulping methods. Properties of pulps are completely dependent on carbohydrate yield ; pulps prepared by different methods can be classified in groups of their own. Both spruce and pine wood used; investigations included both bleached and unbleached pulps.
Ar-E. Virkola, A. Jaruela, and V. Vartiainen, T h e Finnish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland. M S . 64-448 Subscriber $2.00 20 Pages ( 1 5 j g u r e s ) Nonsubscriber $4.00 Convective Heat Transfer in Flow Normal to Banks of Tubes.
Shell-side, liquid-phase heat transfer coefficients for individual tubes in cross-flow exchangers are affected when the entering fluid forms a jet. Dependence on location is greatest in the first few rows. Reynolds number dependence changes sharply a t particular conditions. A . A. Austin, R. B. Beckmann, R. R. Rothfus, and R. I . Ktrmode, Carnegie Institute of Technology
Ms. 64-449 29 pages ( 7 j g u r e s , 4 tables)
Subscribers $3.00 Noasubsmibers $6.00
Ion exchange column behavior has been determined for particle diffusion control and irreversible equilibrium without the usual constant-pattern limitation. Solutions are derived for several diffusion models, including linear and quadratic approximations and the exact equation for spheres. Slow Particle Diffusion in Ion Exchange Columns.
Ralph S. Cooper, Los Alanios Scientific Laboratory Ms. 64-450 24 pages (7Jigures)
Subscribers $3.00 nlonsubscribers 86.00
The Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of a Spirally Corrugated Tube. Over-all heat transfer coefficients of
corrugated tube are 5 to 10% higher than those of smooth tube measured a t similar flow rates; heat transfer ability more than 50'% higher when measured under similar conditions. Other advantages noted.
David M . Halt and Donald W. Bolme, Washington State University
Ms. 6 4 - 4 5 1 1 7 p a g e s (bjggures, 2 tables)
Subscribers Nonsubscribers
$2.00
$4.00
The Stereoregular Polymerization of Butadiene with AlkylaluActivation of diethylminum Chlorides and Cobalt Octoate.
aluminum chloride-cobalt catalysis requires formation by water of two alkylaluminum compounds differing in Lewis acidity. Substances other than water will act similarly. Polar solvents do not affect cis-directing catalysis but decrease rate or extent of polymerization. A mechanism of cobalt catalysis of polybutadiene is proposed. Morris Gt$pin, T h e Firestone Tire d Rubber Go.
Ms. 64-452 30 pages (ZJigures, 6 tables)
Subscribers $3.00 A'onsubscribers $6.00
Computation of Vapor-liquid Equilibrium Data from Solution Simple method involves Vapor Pressure Measurements. determination of excess Gibbs free energy as function of com-
position by successive approximations to solution vapor pressure curve, with activity coefficients obtained by differentiation of free energy function. Results for chloroform-ethanol system illustrate utility of method.
F. 0 . Mixon, Research Triangle Institute, B. Gumowski and B. H. Carpenter, Jr., Union Carbide Co. Ms. 64-456 Subscribers $2.00 2 0 p a g e s (4Jigures, 2 tables) "fonsubscri bers 84.00 Structure Property Relationships in Polyurethane Elastomers Prepared by a One-Step Reaction. Useful and stable thermo-
plastic elastomers with a wide range of physical properties can be prepared from a 90-to-10 mixture of two isomeric diphenylmethane diisocyanates by balancing reaction conditions.
K . W. Rausch and A. A . R. Sayigh, The Upjohn Co. MS. 64-457 Subscribeis 2 3 p a g e s ( G j g u r e s , 7 tables) ivonsubscribers
$3.00 $6.00
Heat Transfer in Beds of Oriented Spheres. Liquid-phase heat
transfer coefficients for individual spheres beds having cubic arrangements are affected when the entering fluid forms a jet. Influence of location is strong in first few rows. Deeper in the bed, available generalized correlations are valid.
D . E . Baldwin, R. B. Beckmann, R. R. Rothfus, and R. I. Kermode, Carnegie Institute of Technology MS. 64-453 Subscribers $2.00 17 pages (4Jigures) Aronsuhscribers 54.00 A Numerical Technique for Solution of the Diffusion Equation in an Infinite Medium. Technique applicable for case of volume
change on mixing of diffusing species as well as for functional dependence of diffusivity o n concentration. Versatility and convergence properties shown by solution of several problems; extension to semi-infinite media and to heat conduction shown. J . L . Duda and J . S. Vrentas, T h e D a w Chemical Go.
Ms. 64-459 26 pages ( 5 j g u r e s , 7 fable)
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers $6.00
Evaporation Suppression by Monolayers on Aqueous Saline Solutions. Application of monomolecular films to inland water
bodies a practical means of water conservation. Bodies of 5 to 20% salinity have potential of 20% saving of normal evaporation loss, compared with 20 to 50% potential for water of 0 to 5%. T h e slightly saline, but potable, waters show the full 50% saving potential.
Forest A . Cheeves, Russell G. Dressler, and W i l l i a m C . McGauock, Trinity University Ms. 64-467 Subscribers $2.00 7 7 p a g e s ( d j g u r e s , I table) Nnnsubscrihers ,$4.00 Heat-Resistani Coatings Based on Zinc Oxide and Organic Phosphorus Compounds. Cold-setting ceramic paint adheres
well to steel or aluminum alloys, is hard and smooth, resistant to wet abrasion. Withstands heating to 1000° F. and quenching in cold water. High humidity environment necessary during early cure of paint.',;
R. W . Liggett, S. E. Mileski, A . E. Raeuber, and E. A. Verchot, Southern Research Institute, A . M . Malloy, Bureau of Naval Weapons Ms. 64-466 Subscribers $1.00 8 pages Nonsubscribers $2.00 VOL. 5 7
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