Radiation and Public Perception, Copyright, 1994 ... - ACS Publications

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Radiation and Public Perception

Young and Yalow; Radiation and Public Perception Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.



ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES 243

Radiation and Public Perception


Benefits and Risks Jack P. Young,

EDITOR

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Rosalyn

S.

Yalow,

EDITOR

Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Divisions of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Chemical Health and Safety, and Environmental Chemistry, Inc., at the 203rd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Francisco, California, April 5-10, 1992

American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1995


Library of C Radiation and public perception: benefits and risks / Jack P. Young, editor, Rosalyn S. Yalow, editor. p.

cm.—(Advances in chemistry series, ISSN 0065-2393; 243)

Developed from the symposium Radiation and Society, held at the April 1992 national meeting of the ACS, San Francisco. Includes bibliographical references and index.


ISBN 0-8412-2932-5 (cloth).—ISBN 0-8412-3037-4 (pbk.) 1. Radiation—Health aspects. I. Young, Jack P., 1929- . II. Yalow, Rosalyn S. (Rosalyn Sussman), 1921- . III. Series. RA569.R33 1994 363.17'99—dc20

94—35190 CIP

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. © Copyright © 1995 American Chemical Society All Rights Reserved. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of each chapter in this volume indicates the copyright owner's consent that reprographic copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use or for the personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 27 Congress Street, Salem,MA01970, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to copying or transmission by any means—graphic or electronic—for any other purpose, such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating a new col-lective work, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems. The copying fee for each chapter is indicated in the code at the bottom of the first page of the chapter. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval byACSof the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a con-veyance of any right or permission to the holder, reader, or any other person or cor-poration, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copy-righted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA


1994 Advisory Board Advances in Chemistry Series M. Joan Comstock, Series Editor


Robert J. Alaimo Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals Mark Arnold University of Iowa David Baker University of Tennessee Arindam Bose Pfizer Central Research Robert F. Brady, Jr. Naval Research Laboratory Margaret A. Cavanaugh National Science Foundation Arthur B. Ellis University of Wisconsin at Madison Dennis W. Hess Lehigh University Hiroshi Ito IBM Almaden Research Center

Cynthia A. Maryanoff R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute Julius J. Menn Western Cotton Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Roger A. Minear University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Vincent Pecoraro University of Michigan Marshall Phillips Delmont Laboratories George W. Roberts North Carolina State University A. Truman Schwartz Macalaster College

Madeleine M. Joullie University of Pennsylvania

John R. Shapley University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Lawrence P. Klemann Nabisco Foods Group

L. Somasundaram DuPont

Gretchen S. Kohl Dow-Corning Corporation

Michael D. Taylor Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research

Bonnie Lawlor Institute for Scientific Information

Peter Willett University of Sheffield (England)

Douglas R. Lloyd The University of Texas at Austin


FOREWORD


The

ADVANCES

IN

CHEMISTRY

SERIES

was

founded

in

1949

by

the

American Chemical Society as an outlet for symposia and collections of data in special areas of topical interest that could not be accommodated in the Society's journals. It provides a medium for symposia that would otherwise be fragmented because their papers would be distributed among several journals or not published at all. Papers are reviewed critically according to ACS editorial standards and receive the careful attention and processing characteristic of ACS publications. Volumes in the

ADVANCES

IN

CHEMISTRY

SERIES

maintain the integrity of the symposia on which they are based; however, verbatim reproductions of previously published papers are not accepted. Papers may include reports of research as well as reviews, because symposia may embrace both types of presentation.


ABOUT T H E EDITORS


JACK

P.

YOUNG

received an undergraduate de-

gree from Ball State University in 1950 and a Ph.D. in analytical chemistry from Indiana University in 1955. He has been involved in investigations relating to nuclear or radioactive materials for almost 40 years at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). Initially, he was connected with the molten salt nuclear reactor program in its various aspects. He developed the windowless cell technique for doing absorption spectroscopy in molten fluoride salts and carried out spectral studies of actual fuel melt. He was involved in spectroscopic studies with a group at the Transuranium Research Laboratory at ORNL. This group prepared and identified a number of oxides, halides, and other compounds of berkelium, californium, and einsteinium. As a result of these studies, they were the first to prepare and characterize many compounds of these elements. More importantly, they developed and demonstrated that in the radioactive decay of these compounds, the oxidation state of the progeny was controlled by the oxidation state of the parent, and the coordination of the daughters in the solid state was controlled by the structure of the host compound. Some interesting speculations were made in the area of chemical synthesis and structure as the result of these observations. He was a member of a group that developed resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) with the attendant single-atom detection capability. Because of this technique, Young was associated with another group that literally counted cesium atoms (fission fragments) coming from the fissioning of individual californium-252 atoms. They also made shapedeformation measurements of the spontaneous-fission isomer americium-240m by related laser techniques. Currently, he is developing mass spectrometric applications of RIS and evaluating other applications of lasers to analytical determinations. From his various research involvements he has developed a respect for radioactivity, as opposed to a fear or antagonism. He collaborated with Rosalyn S. Yalow to generate the symposium on which this book is based. Young is a member of the American Chemical Society and Sigma Xi and is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is married to Jean Kennedy Young, and they have five children: James, Mark, David, Timothy, and Karen. vii Young and Yalow; Radiation and Public Perception Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1995.


ROSALYN

S.

YALOW

received an A . B . in physics

and chemistry from Hunter College in 1941 and an M.S. (1942) and Ph.D. (1945) in nuclear physics from the University of Illinois. She has received 53 honorary doctorates from universities in the United States and abroad, including Princeton University, Johns Hopkins University, Washington University, and Columbia University. In 1977 she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the development of radioimmunoassay, a method that is used in laboratories around the world to measure hundreds of substances of biologic interest in blood and other body fluids. In 1988, Dr. Yalow received the National Medal of Science from President Reagan. She joined the Bronx Veterans Administration Medical Center in 1947 and has been a Veterans Administration Senior Medical Investigator since 1972. Currently, she is the Solomon A. Berson Distinguished Professor-atLarge of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, City University of New York, and Emeritus Distinguished Professor-at-Large of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University of New York. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1986, her laboratory was designated as a Nuclear Historic Landmark by the American Nuclear Society. Dr. Yalow has received more than 50 awards and prizes, including the first Veterans Administration William S. Middleton Award for Medical Research, the Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award, the Gairdner Foundation International Award, the Lilly Award and Banting Medal of the American Diabetes Association, the Koch Award of the Endocrine Society, the Van Slyke Award of the American Association of Clinical Chemistry, and the G . van Hevesy Nuclear Medicine Pioneer Award. She has served as president of the Endocrine Society and as a member of numerous advisory agencies and editorial boards. She was married to the late Dr. Aaron Yalow and has two adult children, Benjamin and Elanna.

viii


Radiation and Public Perception, Copyright, 1994 ... - ACS Publications

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