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T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING C H E M I S T R Y
Vol. 7 , No. 1 1
RECENT INVENTIONS UNITED STATES PATENTS B y C. I. PARXER Solicitor of Chemical Patents, McGill Building. Washington, D. C.
Compressing, Drying, and Transferring Chlorin Gas. J. W. Aylsworth, April 6, 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,134,432. Alternate volumes of chlorin gas and sulfuric acid are caused to continuously enter a helical pipe. The pipe is rotated thus transferring the acid and gas compressed thereby into a receiver. The intimate contact between the acid and gas dries the gas and the acid is finally separated from the dried gas. Converting Meadow or Swamp Land into Fertilizer. B. Reichelt, April 6, 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,134,760. Meadow or swamp land material containing potash is converted into fertilizer by heating the material to a temperature sufficient t o dry it and t o drive off the potash therefrom. The dried material is then ground and finally the potash is re-mixed with the ground material.
1,137,524. The process consists in heating in the presence of nitrogen an oxid of an element having metallic properties with sufficient carbon and to a temperature sufficient to produce carbonitrid while preventing the partial pressures of the gaseous products from rising sufficiently to interfere with the reaction. Alkali-Soluble Alumina. P. R. Hershman, April 27, 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,137,617.Alumina in admixture with carbon is heated in the presence of a non,-nitrifying atmosphere, to a temperature sufficient to make it soluble in alkali. Recovering Soda Content of Waste Liquor. H. K. Moore, May 4, 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,137,779. The lignin is utilized in making steam which may be employed in the digestion of the raw wood. Multiple-effect evaporators are used in concentrating the lignin to approximately 3jj BC. and the residuum is mixed with sulfate of soda and a carrier of carbonaceous ma: terial such as sawdust, pulverized bark, peat, coke, or the like. The mixture is dried, burned in a smelting furnace and the soda recovered.
Nitrogen and Potash Mixture. S. W. Sinsheher, April 6, Acid Mono-Calcium Phosphate. Robert Stewart, May 4, 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,134,921. The product is a fertilizing agent 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,137,806. Phosphate rock is fed by the consisting of the residue of waste liquid after the separation of sugar from molasses which has been treated with carbon dioxid conveyor I O into the upper end of the tube furnace 5 , heated and evaporated at a low temperature to produce a concentrated by the burner 14 and subjected to the action of steam and smelter smoke introduced through the pipes IZ and 13, reproduct. spectively. The reaction results in the production of acid Preventing Escape of Sulfur Dioxid in Smelting Sulfid Ores. mono-calcium phosphate and a solution of acid calcium sulfite. W. A. Hall, April 6, 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,134,846. A reducing flame together with steam is introduced into the upper level Treating Aluminate Solutions. H. Howard, May 4, 1915. of the furnace at a point near the normal charge level therein U. S. Pat. 1,137,860. Silica is removed from aluminate soluand under conditions capable of reducing a part a t least of the tions by subjecting the hot aluminate solution, a t a concentraSO, in the exit gases and separating the sulfur from the gases. tion not exceeding 300 BC. to the action of the residues from the decomposition of bauxite by alkali. Producing Hydroxids of Metals by Means of Ammonia. 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,135,785. Nickel H. A. Frasch, April 13, Reducing Waste Sulfite Liquor to a Powder. F. H. Kennard, oxid is precipitated from a solution of nickel ammonium chlorid May 4, 1915..U. S. Pat. 1,138,118. The waste sulfite liquor by boiling in the presence of a solution of ammonium chlorid is first concentrated to a viscous state in a vacuum. The until the nickel oxid is precipitated, while maintaining the solu- viscous material is then applied in a vacuum, in a thin sheet, tion alkaline with zmmonia. onto a heated surface and retained thereon until the viscous Treatment of Alunite, Etc. C. H. MacDowell, April 20, material is evaporated to dryness. 1915, U. S. Pat. 1,136,549. Alunite is calcined for the purpose Treating Hydrocarbon Oils. C. H. Washburn, May 4, 1915. of driving off anhydrid and sulfuric anhydrid. The product is U. S. Pat. 1,138,266. Petroleum oils of from 260 to 488 BC. heated to a temperature sufficient to volatilize and drive off are transformed into a product not exceeding 520 BC. by passing potash and the exit of the volatilized potash from the charge is the oil and water in liquid form into a retort where they are expedited by carrying it off in a gaseous current. converted into vapor, and leading the vapor to a condenser, the terminal of which is closed to create a back pressure, thereby Continuous Distillation and Rectification of Alcoholic Liquids. condensing the vapor a t a pressure of from three to five atmosV. Slavicek, April 2 0 , 1915. U. S.Pat. 1,136,559. The alcoholic pheres maintained throughout the distillation and condensaraw vapor is divided into portions. The non-cooled phlegm tion. of one portion of the head product is purified apd immediately Drying Sodium-Bisulfite Crystals. H. Howard, May 11, introduced a t the beginning of the rectification into the alcoholic 1915, U. S. Pat. 1,138,658. Wet sulfite crystals are subjected raw vapor of the second portion. to a current of hot sulfur dioxid gas. Coagulant for Water Purification. A. Jacobson, April 27, Nitroglycerin. R. Weyel, May 11,1915. U. S. Pat. 1,138,917. 1915. U. S. Pat, 1,137,005. The coagulant is produced by passing an aqueous solution of sulfate of aluminum over metallic The separation of a mixture of liquids, containing nitroglycerin iron so that a part of the iron is dissolved to form iron sulfate and an acid is facilitated by generating silicon fluorid in the liquids by the addition of a fluorid and an insoluble siliceous and sulfate of aluminum is reduced to a soluble basic sulfate of compound. aluminum. Rendering Phosphoric Acid Available. W. S. Landis, April 27, 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,137,065. A mixture of finely divided phosphate rock, an alkali metal salt and carbon is heated to a sufficient temperature t o eliminate the acid radical of the salt. The mixture is then subjected to a higher temperature sufficient to cause an incipient fusing or clinkering of the mixture. Carbonitrids.
S. Peacock, April
27,
1915. U. S. Pat.
Explosive. G. Burgschmiet, May 11, 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,139,339, The composition comprises essentially about 80 per cent of ammonium nitrate, about 18 per cent of dinitrotoluene and about z per cent charcoal and wood meal. Wood-Preservative. J. A. DeCew, May 18, 1915. U. S. Pat. 1,140,127. The composition comprises a mixture of waste sulfite liquor, creosote oil, and chlorid of zinc.
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
Nov., 1 9 1 j
BRITISH PATENTS B y D. GEDDESANDERSON Chemical Engineer and Patent Chemist, Glksgow. Scotland
The following abstracts are taken direct from the patent specifications as soon as these are published by the British Patent Office. The date given a t the end of the abstract is the date of acceptance. Manufacture of Hydrogen Peroxide. Henkel and Cie, Nov. 18, 1914. Brit. Fat. 22,714. A is a tube of suitable metal coated inside with a thin layer of cathode material, such as silver amalgam and copper amalgam. The electrolyte is pumped in a t D and escapes a t E, and oxygen is admitted a t F. C i s the anode and is covered with 17, the diaphragm tube I(.-June 191.5. Production of Esters of the Tertiary Alcohols. N e u m a n n a n d Co., Chemische Fabrik G . M. B. H and J. Zeltner, Nov. 5, 1913. Brit. Pat. 25,262. Organic acid chlorides, with the exception of the chlorides of carbonic acid and their derivatives are caused to react with non-substituted aliphatic tertiary alcohols in the presence of tertiary bases, e . g., 64 grams of valeric chloride are added to 44 grams tertiary amyl alcohol in 55 grams pyridine. -4fter standing 24 hours, IOO cc. water and IOO cc. hydrochloric acid are added and the tertiary amyl valeriate is distilled in vacua.-July I, 1915. Production of Nitrogen and Oxygen Compounds. C. Krauss and P. Staehelin, Nov. 18, 1913. Brit. Pat. 26,499. Liquid or gaseous fuel is burned without flame a t high pressure in an
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Rubber Substitute. J. Baier and A. G. M. Weale, Jan. 15, 1914. Brit. Pat. 1,171. Animal tissue is dissolved in zinc chloride and the thick jelly obtained is mixed with a starchy material such as finely ground tapioca. The thick dough so prepared is mixed with rubber solution, or with a saturated solution of resin in methylated spirit.-July 29, 191j. Varnish. E. Girzik, Jan. 20, 1914. Brit. Pat. 1,575. Process relates to the manufacture of varnish from semi-drying oils such as train oil. The free fatty acids in the oil are removed by adding a suitable quantity of soda lye, and allowing to stand in the cold for several days. The soap is separated and the oil 29, subjected to a boiling or polymerization process.-July 191.5.
Extracting Sulfurous Acid and Oxides from Sulfates. A. Bambach, Feb. 6, 1914. Brit. Pat. 3,174. The sulfates. such as calcium and barium sulfates, are introduced into a shaft furnace in a fragmentary state and heated with a flame from a gas and air mixture. The operation is finished by feeding the flame with excess of air.-July 29, 1915. Coating Articles with Aluminum. W. Krumbhaar, Feb. 12, 1914. Brit. Pat. 3,713. The article to be treated is first given a coat of lacquer, and when this coat is perfectly dry, finely divided aluminum powder is rubbed in.-July I , 1915 Manufacture of Light Hydrocarbons from Heavy Hydrocarbons. F. Bergius, Feb. 21, 1914. Brit. Pat. 4,574. The hydrocarbons, previous to distillation, are heated in the presence of hydrogen under a pressure of IOO atmospheres. The hydrogen reacts and converts all non-saturated compounds into saturated compounds. The petroleum so treated is then distilled and i t is found that the proportion of light constituents is very much increased.-July 8, 1915. Manufacture of Sulfate of Ammonia, and the Purification of Coal Gas. J. Mackenzie, April 23, 1914. Brit. Pat. 10,059. The gas, freed from tar, is passed i n t o a moist atmosphere of nitrous acid a t zoo ’ F . The sulfur compounds contained in the coal gas are oxidized and combine with the ammonia to give sulfate of ammonia The excess of nitrous acid is absorbed in sulfuric acid.-July 2 3 , 1915. Carbon Electrodes for Galvanic Cells. V. Scholz, April 24, 1914. Brit. Pat. 10,171. Carbon powder in the form of colloidal graphite is employed in the formation of the electrode. The voltage is rendered more constant by using the graphite in this form.-July 8, 1915. Manufacture of Tubular Threads from Solutions of Cellulose. Courtnaulds, Ltd., and L. P. Wilson, July 23, 1914. Brit. Pat. 17,495. A jet as shown in Fig. I is used, and is immersed in a coagulating bath. The liquid of the bath has access to both the
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t
atmosphere of nitrogen and oxygen. The combustion chamber is filled with a granular material coated with substances such as oxides of chromium, titanium or vanadium, which facilitate the combination of nitrogen and oxygen -July 8, 1915. Plastic Compositions. E. Krause and H. Blucher, Jan. I, 1914. Brit. Pat. 76. The plastic material is made by treating the albuminous and cellulosic residues from the manufacture of yeast extracts or preparations, with formaldehyde. The residues obtained from yeast in the manufacture of preparations of the nature of meat extract are preferably employed.-July 29, 191.5.
-_ interior and exterior surfaces of the thread being formed. Conipound threads can also be formed by projecting a solution of viscose through the orifice of the jet while a free formed thread of suitable textile fiber is introduced into the interior of the tabular thread as in Fig. 5.-July 23, 191j.
