the exception of silver, monovalent mercury, mercuric iodide, lead, and bismuth. 3 . Nitrate salts of aJl metals and nonmetals are soluble with t h e exception oi bismuth oxynitrate. Simple bismuth salt5 in solution become the oxy-salts, which are relatively insoluble. 4 . Sulfates are soluble with t he except i o n of the alkaline eavrth group calcium, a n d strontium sulfate o n l y being slightly soluble. Sulfates, particularly sodium, potassium, and magnesium, act as cathartics, and a s ion exchange readily occurs w i t h the sodium compounds present in the body, it is highly probable that the react i o n of all sulfates with t h e exception of insoluble barium sulfate "will act to some extent as cathartics. 5 . T h e halides, nitrates, acetates, and oxalates are readily absorbed by the body. T h e halides collect i n t h e extracellular fluids of all organs b u t chiefly in the skin and blood. The alkaline earth metals are retained b y the bones together w i t h fluorides, which are also deposited in the teeth. Heavy metals are deposited as loose organic compounds, especially in the kidneys, liver, and spleen ; mercury deposits a s a loose globulin compound; and arsenic takes on a fairly stable nuclein combination. Iron deposits act as a reserve stock of t h i s metal for use in the body. The water solubility of all compounds is an approximate index to their physiological effect. The compounds are often modified through chemical reaction with the body proteins and fats contained in t h e fluids and the protoplasm of the cells, making their toxic effects more pronounced. The accompanying table w a s prepared a s a summary of the physiological reactions and first-aid measures given in t h e discussions on cation and anion reactions; i t i s presentee! in a brief form for ready reference. T h e first-aid measures are a summary of those a t present available in the literature. Ackna xvl&dg men t The authors gratefully acknowledge t h e comments, criticisms, and suggestions given by George Marchmont-Robinson, M . D . , of Chicago, A. E . Sidweil of. the American Medical Association, Department of Pharmacology, Warren A. Cook, Industrial Hygienist, of Zurich Insurance Co. of Chicago, and Floyd Van Atta of the National Safety Council.
Literature
Cited
(1) Jaffe, B., "Crucibles," New York, Simon & Schuster, Inc., 1930. (2) Redgrove, H. S., "Alchemy, Ancient and Modem.*' London, Wm. Reder & Sons, 1922. (3) Tilden, W. A-, "Famous Chemists," London, Rotitledge & Sons, 1935. (4) Curie, E. t "Madame Curie," New York, Doubleday, Doran
