RESEARCH RESULTS . . immediately available All manuscripts listed here are being considered for possible publication in one of the I&EC quarterlies. They are available to I &EC subscribers a t reproduction and handling cost, a t any time prior to publication in a quarterly. Papers withdrawn from consideration will generally remain available for 90 days if authors approve. A Research Results Service manuscript should be treated as a personal communication. Reference to its content in any publication should have the author’s prior approval. Please use the minted couDon. and include payment with your order.
Ms.No. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
O n the Independence of Chemical Reactions
Oxidation of Propylene with Air over a Copper Oxide Catalyst
R. Aris and R. H . S. M a h , University of Minnesota
D.S. Billingsley and C. D . Holland, A B M College of Texas
Presents systematic procedure for evaluating stoichiometry of chemical reactions. Demonstrates by reference to a stirred tank reactor how such an approach may facilitate further studies of system.
Presents a method for correlation of data for catalytic reactions using mass transfer equations. Requires far fewer postulates than usual approach. Method demonstrated by correlation of results for catalytic oxidation of propylene. Same general approach should be successful with other catalytic reactions.
Ms. 62-299
23 pages, including 7 f g u r e
$3.00
..............................
Price
Total Remittance (check, money order, cash) (Payable to Amo ican Chrmicril Society) Send to: Research Results Service, l&EC
1 155 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington 6, D. C.
SUBSCRIBER’S NAME. ............................ ADDRESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Ms. 6 3 - 1 Correlation of Some Thermal Properties of Epoxy Adhesives and Shear Strength of Steel laminates
George J . Barenholtr, John E. Rutrler, Jr., and E. G. Bobalek, Case Institute of Technology System of epoxy adhesives on metal tested a t several temperatures, and a form of temperature-transportation principle applied to chemically stable variants. General equation derived defines strength-temperature relationships for all variants and makes it possible to predict strengths of adhesive joints over a wide temperature range. Results should be applicable to other chemically stable and amorphous polymeric adhesives. M s . 62-334
16 pages, includtng 1 f g u r e , 4 tables
.....
25 pages, including 10fgures, 1 table
$3.00
Nonsteady Flow of Viscous Fluids between Plane-Parallel Boundaries
John H . Ramser, Atlantic Rejning Company Exact equations for the velocity distribution and displacement are derived for the nonsteady, laminar flow of liquids constrained to move between plane-parallel boundaries. I t is assumed that the fluid is initially a t rest and that a constant pressure gradient is instantaneously applied in the presence or absence of gravity.
Mc. 6 3 - 2
7 3 pages, including 7 figure, 7 table
$2.00
$2.00 Correlations between Thermal, Electrical, and Mechanical Properties of Alkyd-Epoxy Copolymer Adhesives
Pressure Drop in Horizontal and Vertical Concurrent Gas-liquid Flow
G. A. Hughmark, Ethyl Corporation Two general equations derived to represent pressure drop for gasliquid concurrent flow. O n e results in a form of drag coefficient, either positive or negative in sign, the other yields a lost work term, always positive. Data for horizontal, vertical upward and downward two-phase flow show lost work term dependent on pipe orientation. Lost work can he related to two-phase pressure drop and density of mixture in pipe to provide correlation method.
Ms. 62-347
20pages, including 5figures, 7 tables
82.00
A Statistical Correlation of the Efficiency of PerForated Trays
R. N . Finch and Matthew Van Winkle, University of Texas Efficiencies determined for methanol-air-water system a t atmospheric pressure. Reaffirms conclusions of previous investigators regarding effects of gas mass velocity, liquid mass velocity, hole diameter, and weir height. Believed to offer first systematic study of effect of tray length. Tray hydraulic data determined for use in model for scale-up of small column data for commercial design. Model relates operating and design variables to residence times of gas and liquid on tray by means of a two-constant equation.
Ms. 62-349
40pages, including g f g u r e s , 5 tables
$4,00
R. J . Ward, New York State College of Forestry, and E. G. Bobalek, Case Institute of Technology Explores effect of variations of molecular architecture on adhesive quality with a compositionally determined thermal range. New adhesive system investigated which can be cured without use of catalysts or solvents. Gives good adhesive properties to aluminum for performance temperature region of -15’ C. to
+450
c.
Ms. 63-3
32pages, including 2 7 f g u r e s , 2 tables
$4.00
Oxidative Dealkylation. II. Selective Vapor-Phase Catalytic Oxidation of Alkylaromaflc Hydrocarbons to Their Parent Homologs
Charles J . Norton and Thurle E. Moss, Marathon O i l Company Microreactor technique, together with direct gas-liquid chromatographic analysis, used to investigate and compare a number of pure, reagent-grade metal oxides and other catalysts for selective activities in naphthalene production. Combined with experimental design and statistical analysis, technique can be used for rapid investigation of either conventional or new reactions for optimum conditions. Tremendous savings in time, equipment, investment, and scientific manpower. Ms. 63-4
47pages, including 1 5 f g u r e s , S tables
$5.00
(Continued on page 8 7 )
VOL. 5 5
NO. 3
M A R C H 1963
85
now available -
nnFILY TICFI L S€RVIC€
Non-Corrosive L o w I n i t i a l Cost l o w Maintenancecost High Insulation Value * Easy Erection
0 11,000
This
PVC lined fir tank has been
The introduction of NEW POLYMER LININGS for W o o d Tanks has made possible the "POLYCEL" tank-for practically any chemical solution-covering a PH range from zero t o fourteen. The combination of a low cost wood membrane and a variety of tough, resistant polymer films offers b i g advantages over high priced alloys.
Qualitative Analysis
gallon
storing
hydro-
Quantitative Analysis
fluorosilicic acid s o l ~ tion
lor
years.
mosphere
in
Atthis
Process & tuality Control
refinery i s very corrosive.
Steel hoops and
lugs are covered with
heavy
polyethylene.
Corrosion eliminated. W r i t e for Bulletin 62 or see our literature i n Chemical Engineering Catalog.
624 W. Cermak Road Circle
NO. 72 on
Chicago 16, Illinois Readers'
Circle No. 30 on Readers' Service Card
Service Card
U S 2 CATALYSTS PASS THE TORCH TEST*
From U. S. Peroxygen, two new fire.resistant peroxide catalysts. BZQ-45, a non-separating benzoyl peroxide paste, and FR-320 ketone peroxide. No I.C.C. cautionary labels required. Both are stable, tested peroxides. BZQ.45 has the same qualities of non-separation, homo. geneity and reactivity as BZQ-50-an industry standard. FR-320 provides dependable and predictable room temperature cures. Samples and data on request.
+ R e s u l t s o f a c o n t i n u i n g p r o g r a m t o i m p r o v e t h e s a f e t y of p e r o x i d e c a t a l y s t s . Do n o t a t t e m p t t h e T o r c h T e s t with o t h e r b r a n d s u n l e s s a d e q u a t e f i r e e x t i n g u i s h i n g e q u i p m e n t i s n e a r b y . Circle No. 34 on Readers' Service Card
86
INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
U.S. PEROXYGEN
RESEARCH RESULTS Design Criteria for Sedimentafion Basins.
II
Henry C . Bramer and Richard D . Hoak, Mellon Institute Two simultaneous equations provide a more accurate description of data than a previously published single equation. Effects of basin depth are mathematically expressed to yield optimum values. Describes method for simple graphical representation of calculated performance data. M S . 63-5
70 pages, includzng 4figures
87.00
Optimization of Some Multistaged Chemical Processes
C. S. W a n g and Liang-tseng Fan, Kansas State University
Performances of a number of stagewise chemical processes represented in general manner by set of finite difference equations. Optimizing solutions obtained uniquely by using a single recursion relation derived from Katz’s algorithm for the maximum principle.
Ms. 63-7
25 pages, including 4Jipures, 3 tables
83.00
Nucleate and Film Boiling in Catalytic Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide
Charles A’. Satterfield and Francois P. Audibert, Massachusetts Institute of 1-echnology Phenomena similar to nucleate and film boiling heat transfer observed. An important difference is that an inert gas is generated simultaneously. Results demonstrate again that analogies between heat and mass transfer can be applied qualitatively as guide to behavior, even in very complex systems.
Ms. 0‘3-8
12 pages, including 4figures
$2.00
Tests fan and blower discharge and inlet pressures, pressure drop across filters, balances air conditioning systems, etc. Complete kit includes dual purpose manometer, 18”stainless steel pitot tube, Magneclips and all necessary fittings, tubings, instructions and accessories. Write today for literature and prices.
P.O. BOX 373-5 Circle
Diffusion of Reacting Vapor into a Cryslalline Solid. Ip(v)-AgNO&) System
The
FOR RESEARCH IN
J . C. Leslie and C.E. Dryden, Ohio State University Experimental technique using radioactive tracers provides complete reaction data in one run, concentration profiles in the solid, a n d visualization of reaction patterns by autoradiograph pictures. Correlation using mathematical model of uniform planar diffusion successful in predicting reaction rate data. Methods recommended for use in other reacting systems where appropriate radioactive tracers are available.
Ms. 63- 10
22 /.’ages, ilzcluding 4figures, 7 table
$3 00
Pyrolysis of Dimethyl Hydrogen Phosphafe
Leland K . Beach, Robert Drogin, and James E. Shewmaker, ESSO Reseurch and Engineering Company Describes course of pyrolytic reactions and practical process modifications to increase yield of methylphosphonates and decrease by-produrt phosphates. Batch and continuous experiments use D M H P of varying purity, under many conditions of temperature and residence time, with various reactants and catalysts. Yield improved a t lower temperatures by use of BFa catalvsis and by donors such as methyl phosphates.
h f s. G3- 72
37 pages, including SJgures, 75 fables
‘Enrichment of Oxygen-17.
1.
$4.00
Cascade Calculations
E. Von Halle and J . S. Drury, Oak Rtdge A’ational Laboraiory The design bases, methods of calculation, and final flowsheet for isotope separation facility in which oxygen-17 may be concentrated to 50% purity. Built a t Oak Ridge and currently in operation. Ms. 63- 14
26 pages, including 5jigures, 3 tables
M I C H I G A N CITY, I N D I A N A
No. 23 on Readers’ Service Card
83.00
PARTICLE DYNAMICS An unusual chance to work and develop in this important field with a top man at one of the nations leading research institutes. Interesting and varied assignments in the general area of Particle Dynamics, including atomization, air cleaning, and air pollution control. Should have a good academic background in mathematics and interest in conducting experimental and analytical studies in small particle behavior. Needs B.S. or M.S. in Mechanical or Chemical Engineering, or Physics. Battelle research embraces entire science and engineering spectrum; excellent interdisciplinary rapport. Good living in cultured metropolitan center. Good salary. Write to Mr. Dave Bennett. BATTELLE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE 505 Kings Ave., Columbus 1, Ohio AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER
(Continued on page 8 9 ) VOL. 5 5
NO. 3
MARCH 1963
a7
Mr. John R. Beatty, Manager of Olin Mathieson‘s high analysis fertilizer plant a t Pasadena, Texas, the largest o f its t y p e in the world, has this to say about the Vulcan dryer after t w o years of continuous operation: “ W e a r e well pleased with the r o t a r y dryer built f o r us b y Vulcan as a p a r t o f the recent expansion of our Ammo-Phos fertilizer operation Vulcan’s excellent cooperation with our own engineers resulted in a design and construction which have fully lived up to expectations.”
WALK THROUGH to § A F E T V
. ..
VULCAN WILL DESIGN AND BUILD A KILN, COOLER, DRYER FOR YOU, FOR ANY APPLICATION W i t h over 100 years o f Vulcan experience a t your disposal, your engineers a n d ours can work together to give you the best design and equipment for your particular application. Estimates, constructive suggestions and preliminary drawings will b e furnished (as f a r as possible) without obligation.
D E CO NT A M I N A T I O N SHOWER model 8562 Ready for action! 16-FULLJET nozzles drench the body when large Push-Type instant-action ball valve is opened. Here is the instant first aid so vital to countering body contamination. A Haws stainless steel (Model 7 9 0 0 - B ) e y e / f a c e - w a s h is mounted on paneled side to provide a complete “one-stop” safety station. Functional parts are rugged red brass. Write for detailed specs: H a w s Drinking Faucet Company, 1443 Fourth St., Berkeley 10, California.
ANY INFORMATION ON ITEMS LISTED BELOW WILL BE SENT IMMEDIATELY Rotary Kilns, Coolers Improved Vertical Lime Cast Steel Sheaves, Gears Rotary Kilns Dryers * Automatic Quick Lime Hydrators Steel Plate Fabrications Rotary Retorts, Calciners, etc. Briquetting Equipment Heavy Duty Sugar Mills. WRITE FOR NEW 32 PAGE ILLUSTRATED CATAlOG ON VULCAN’S COMPLETE LINE
WILKES-BARRE C A B L E
“THE
ADDRESS:
PENNSYLVANIA VULWORKS
OLDEST N A M E I N ROTARY
KILNS”
See Pif & Quarry Handbook or CEC for more information Circle No. 35 on Readers’ Service Card
88
I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
R E S E A R C H RESULTS The Enrichment of Oxygen.17. Construction
II.
Cascade Design and
J . S. Drury, R. M . H i l l , B . B. Klima, and€€. 0. Weeren, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Design and construction of facility to concentrate research quantities of oxygen-17 to 50%. Plant in two parts: water distillation cascade, in which water containing 3.7% oxygen-17 is produced, and an array of hot-wire diffusion columns to concentrate product. Facility yields gram quantities of 99% oxygen-18 as by-product. Equipment “on stream” and steady state conditions anticipated within a period of one to two years. MS.63-?5
Pipeline Gas from Oil Shale by Direcf Hydrogasification
H . L. Feldkirchner and H . R. Linden, Instttute of Gas Technology
20 pages, including 8Jigures
Rate of hydrogasification of organic matter in a Colorado oil shale measured in a laboratory reactor. Reaction sequence leading to methane, ethane, and aromatic liquids a t l l O O o to 1400’ F. and at 1000 p.s.i.g. is defined. In tests to simulate continuous operation, a t average shale residence times of about 5 minutes, organic carbon gasification averaged 6 3 to 64%.
Ms. 63-29
74pages, including I ? jgures, 7 table
52.00
$2.00
A Method of Relaling Tracer Mixing Data to the Tanks in Series Model for Nonideal Flow A n Improved Synthesis of 2,3-Dichlorotetrahydrofuran
Lloyd A . Bazllie, Sinclair Research, Inc.
Arthur Nersasian, E. I. du Pant de Nemours t 3 Company, Inc.
\Vhen a tracer pulse is injected a t the inlet of a vessel, a property of the response curve called “holdback” can be related to the number of perfectly mixed, consecutive vessels to which the system is equivalent. Ms. 63-19
7 p a p s , including 3Jigures
Zr.00
Rapid and convenient laboratory process. Yields of 79 to 8270 from chlorination of highly purified tetrahydrofuran with sulfuryl chloride, and of 60 to 74% using histological grade THF.
Ms. 6 3 - 3 0
7 pages, including 7 table
$1.00
The Development of Phosphate Cements
Robert AT. Rickles and Paul F. Bruins, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn Three inorganic phosphate bonding systems developed, based on aluminum, boron, and zirconium phosphate. Possess high tensile strength, heat resistance, and electrical resistivity over wide range of temperatures. Heat history, thermal reactions, and structiire discussed. X-ray and differential thermal analysis used extensively to evaluate solid-solid and solidliquid reaction system.
Selectivity and Solvency in Aromatics Recovery
C. H . Deal and E. L. Derr, Shell Development Company
Design, Development, and Tesling of a 500-Gallon-Per-Day Osmotic Sea Water Desalinization Cell
Solvents for aromatics recovery by extractive distillation or extraction are neatly rated in terms of limiting activity coefficients for hexane and benzene. Pattern developed from data for over 35 solvents, covering 25-to-100’ C. range, shows top selectivities for given solvencies and characteristic structures of solvents associated with such levels. Existing correlations make pattern usable for other types of hydrocarbon separations.
S.Loeb and F. Milstein, Unzuersifyof California
Ms. 63-32
M S . 63-2?
30 pages, including 4figtcres, 4 fables
$3.00
22 pages, including 5figures, 7 table
53.00
Plate-and-frame-type unit, with flow of brine internal and in series from plate-to-plate. Brine flows through unit and over 46 membranes with effective diameter of about 15 inches. Unit large enough so cost estimates and design studies can be made on large-scale equipment.
M s . 63-22
58 pages, including 29figurer
$6.00 The Conveyability o f Materials of Mixed Particle Size
Estimafion of Rate Constants of First Order Reactions from Continuous Stirred Reactor Data
Bernard Wright, American Cyanamid Company
A simple method is given for estimating the first order rate J
constants klk2 and
ki
u
k i of the reactions
kt
:.Tt3 +b --+
c
i=l
directly from yield and nominal holding time data of an isothermally operated continuous stirred reactor. Also, it is shown that a plot of component b yield us. log holding time is symmetrical about the holding time for maximum yield.
MS. 62-23
19 pages, including 4 j g u r e s
Frederick A . Zenz, Polytechnic Insfitule of Brooklyn Uses apparatus and experimeptal procedure reported in Ms. 62-291. Minimum velocities, to convey mixed size materials pneumatically in horizontal flow without saltation, correlate with single particle saltation velocity of most difficultly transported particle size in mixture. Parameter in correlation is new constant (calculable from particle size analysis) characterizing size and spread of particle sizes in mixture. In combination with saltation velocity correlation, can be used as criterion for conveyability of materials.
Ms. 63-34
79 pages, including Gfigures, 3 tables
8200
$2.00
Tetrabromobisphenol-A Process Development
Henry E. Hennis, Benzene Company
Research Laboratory, Daw Ckemica I Recovery of Waste Pickle Values Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Technique permits manufacture of tetrabramobisphenol-A without extensive purification, in reasonably high purity and very good yield. Product prepared by reaction of bisphenol-A and bromine in ethanol-water solvent considerably upgraded in assay and color by heating period which promotes colored impurity leaching and release of occluded tribromobisphenol-A for complete bromination.
John M . Roblin and Edward G . Bobalek, Case Insiitutc of Technology
Ms. 6 3 - 2 4
M s . 63-40
15 pages, including 3 f i g u r e s
$2.00
Process for reioverinr: acid and iron values from waste pickling acid, using a tributyl phosphate-kerosine extraction of ferric thiocyanate. Design of process from laboratory data and previously published work also described. Probable costs of operating process to relcaim acid and iron oxide discussed. 79 pages, including ??figures, ? table
VOL. 5 5
NO. 3
MARCH
92.00
1963
89
