R E S E A R C H RESULTS . . . immediately auailable All manuscripts listed here are being considered for possible publication in one of the I&EC quarterlies. They are available to I &EC subscribers at reproduction and handling cost, at any time prior to publication in a quarterly. Papers withdrawn from consideration will generally remain available for 90 d a y if authors approve. A Research Results Service manuscript should be treated as a personal communication. Reference to its content in any publication should have the author’s prior approval. Please use the minted comon. and include Davment with vour order.
Effects of Pocked Bed Properties on Local Concenlratian and Temperature Patterns. Development of o Stochastic Model
David E. Lamb and Richard H. Wilhelm, Princeton University Model permits estimation of variance of distribution of concentration or temperature at a point in packed bed resulting from multiple repacking. Can be used a t present only to estimate variance for packed bed equipment in which no reaction occurs, but modification to include chemical reaction may be possible.
M s 63-38
48 pages, including 7 0 f g u r e s , 7 table
Ms. No. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Price
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Total Remittance (check, money order, cash) (Payable to American Chemical Society) Send to:
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Research Results Service, IBEC
1155 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington 6, D. C.
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A Thermodynamic Analysis of a Flash-Distillation Method of Producing Fresh Water from Sea Water Without Metallic Transfer Surfaces
Eldon L. Knuth, University of California at Los Angales A modification of existing production plants which might reduce construction, replacement, maintenance, and energy costs. M s . 63-51
17 pages, including 4 f g u r e s
82.00
85.00
Effect of Oxygen-to-Hydrogen Ratio on Gas Phase Compositions In Equilibrium with Solid Carbon
longitudinal Mixing Studies in a Pulsed Extraction Column.
A . D . Teuebaugh and E. J . Cairns, General Electric Research Laboratory
G . A . Sehmel and A. L. Babb, University of Washington
Partial pressures of major gas phase species are tabulated to six significant figures over the O/H range 0.026 to 4.5, and for temperature range 298” to 1500’ K., and total pressure of 1 atmosphere, Partial pressures of some minor species also reported. Results can be used for precise calculations of partial pressure of any trace component desired.
Ms. 63-46
25pages, including GJigures, 2 tables
I1
Results of a comprehensive study of longitudinal mixing as function of system physical properties and column operating variables show that mechanism of longitudinal mixing in continuous phase is related to dispersed phase holdup. Experimental results can be predicted within 10% from two simple empirical correlations. Ms. 6 3 - 5 4
22 pages, including 7 f g u r e s , 3 tables
$3.00
83.00
Condensing Heat Transfer in Steam-Air Mixtures in Turbulent Flow
Kinetics of Thermal Crocking of Paraffinic and Naphthenic Fuels at Elevated Pressures
Paul B. Stewart, James L . Clayfon, Benigno Loya, and Stanley E. Hurd, University of California
B. M . Fabuss, J . 0. Smith, R. I . Lait, and M. A. Fabuss, Monsanto Research Corporation, and C . N . Satterfield, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Graphical correlations and empirical equations showing effects of mixture composition over the complete range of gas phase turbulence and liquid layer thickness on vapor-side heat transfer coefficient. Latter two variables correlated in terms of Reynolds numbers. Condensing surface was a vertical tube with gas flow vertically down. A sea water conversion study.
Six highly refined hydrocarbon jet fuels thermally cracked at 110Oo F., and 200 to 1000 p.s.i. Quantity of cracked products (expressed as gas, gasoline, gas oil, and residue) determined as function of conversion and data fitted to kinetic model. First order rate constants given.
Ms. 63-49
MS. 63-55
36pages, including 7figures, 3 tables
84.00
Kinetics of n-Butane Adsorption on Various Particle Sizes of Silica Gel by Gas-Solid Chromatography
P . E. Eberly, J r . , Esso Research Laboratories
20 pages, including Sfigures, 3 tables
83.00
Some Modification of Organic Coatings to Promate Electrostatic Atomization and Deposition
Lester L. Spiller, Ransburg Electro-Coating Corporation
Offers a relatively new approach to study of adsorption kinetics in practical systems. Anticipates that basic trends observed in variation of rate constant with n-butane on silica gel can be extended to other systems, and that information will be useful in describing mass transfer in fixed-bed and fluidized-solids reactors, as well as in understanding basic mechanisms of heterogeneous catalysis. Ms. 6 3 - 5 0
22 pages, including 7Jigures, 6 tables
82.00
New concept assumes existence of unique coaction between liquid components of paint and the dispersed solid particles. Suitability of paints for electrostatic applications expressed in “Figure-of-Merit” number. Influence of additives considered.
M s 63-56
27 pages, including 7 4 f g u r e s , 10 tables
$3.00
(Confinurd on page 9 1 ) VOL. 5 5
NO. 5
M A Y 1963
09
ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY SERIES
10 AND DEHYDRATION
for
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’ART ICLE S -:,.*‘
AINTENANCE
FLUID r
.:.
..
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MILLS
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A
A
These collected papers from
ACS symposia conducted from 1951 through 1953 treat topics of key coneern to chemistry now. Each volume cuts across many disciplines as no journal issue can do. Here is your opportunity to study a number of M e r ent approaches to a problem in relation to euch other. Choose from this list the subjects you want to investigate further. No.
I
L P r o g r e s s in Petroleum Technology 392 pages cloth bound $6.50 paper bound $4.00
No. 6-Azeotropic 328 pages $5.00
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No. 7dgricultural Applications of Petroleum Products 104 pages paper bound
$2.50 No.
8-Chemical Nomenclature 112 pages paper bound
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No. 11-Natural Plant Hydrocolloids 103 pages paper bound
$2.50
No. 12-Use
of Sugars and Other Carbohydrates in the Food Industry 142 pages paper bound
$3.50 Postage: Pan American Union $0.10; foreign $0.15;domestic, none
Order from: Special Issues Sales American Chemical Society 1155 Sixteenth Street, N.W. Washington 6, D.C.
RESEARCH RESULTS The Viscosity Effect in the Thermal Stability of Four Organosilane Heat Transfer liquids
George M . Rapp, Herbert C. Kaufman, and Orin R. Douthett, John B. Pierce Foundation Determined by measurements of viscometric decomposition rates over long periods of time. Tests were made in sealed glass apparatus under static conditions. Two of the organosilanes displayed unusual thermal stability a t 700’ F. for over 500 days duration. A new method for determining rate of decomposition by use of hyperbolic or reciprocal scale graph gives linear plots which enable accurate comparisons of thermal stabilities of similar fluids to be made and reliable predictions of usefulness in terms of length of service by extrapolation.
Ms. 63-60
17pages, including 3 tables, 2figures
82.00
Cresylic Acid Formation in Petroleum Cracking
Harry L. Coonrudt and Barton W. Rope, Socony Mobil Research Department Cresylic acid is formed in catalytic cracking by hydrolysis of oxygenated precursors-such as ethers. Addition of water increases yield markedly with the reaction likely on sites not involved in cracking. Conversely, more severe cracking conditions lower yields. Geologically younger crudes yield more acids, which can be explained by analogous mechanism.
Ms. 63-61
33pages, including 5 tables, l3figures
On Homogeneous Fluidization. 1. II. Homogeneous Fluidized Bed. in a Homogeneous Fluidized Bed
84.00
Mr. John R. Beatty, Manager of Olin Mathieson’s high analysis fertilizer plant a t Pasadena, Texas, the largest of its type in the world, has this to say about the Vulcan dryer after two years of continuous operation: “ W e are well pleased with the rotary dryer built for us b y Vulcan as a part of the recent expansion of our Ammo-Phos fertilizer operation Vulcan’s excellent cooperation with our own engineers resulted in a design and construction which have fully lived up to expectations.”
A Kinetic Theory of the Axial Mixing Coefficient
E. Ruckenstein, Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest, Romania O n the basis of certain energetical and dynamical considerations, equations are established for the mean kinetic energy of solids particles and for variance of the void fraction. These quantities can be used to obtain expressions for certain physical properties of the fluidized bed. In Part 11, the problem of axial mixing in the fluidizing agent is examined using the kinetic theory proposed in Part I. A comparison with Kramers’ experimental data is included.
M s . 6 3 - 6 3 and Ms. 63-64
3 9 pages, including 5 j g u r e s
84.00
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Drying Air with Activated Alumina under Adiabatic Conditions
Robert J . Getty and 14.‘ P . Armstrong, Washington University Adiabatic sorption studies showed a new type of behavior caused by a temperature wave preceding the sorption wave. Adiabatic sorptive capacity is much less than for isothermal operation, depending on the magnitude of this temperature wave. A regression equation is given which can be applied to the design of large industrial gas dryers.
Ms. 63-71
27 pages, including 1 table, S j g u r e s
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83.00
Rotary Kilns, Coolers Improved Vertical Lime Kilns Cast Steel Sheaves, Gears Rotary Automatic Quick Lime Hydrators Dryers Rotary Retorts, Steel Plate Fabrications Calciners, etc. Briquetting Equipment Heavy Duty Sugar Mills.
Adsorption of Gases on Raney Nickel
James Huff, Raymond Jasinski, and R. Parthasarathy, Allis-Chalmers Manufucturing Company T h e quantity of carbon monoxide chemisorbed on Raney nickel was very much dependent upon aluminum leaching procedure, exact composition of initial nickel-aluminum alloy, time and manner of storage, and thermal pretreatment of the leached alloy. Significant chemisorption of carbon dioxide was observed, as expected.
Ms. 63-74
78pages, including 3 tables, Gjgures
(Continued on page 93)
82.00
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VOL. 5 5
NO. 5
MAY 1963
91
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I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
R E S E A R C H RESULTS Foam Fractionation: Columns
Siundard
Separator
and
Renuring
C . A . Brunner and Robert Lemlich
A reliable, recirculating, one-theoretical-plate standard separator was devised and tested. Experiments were also conducted with refluxing enriching columns. Results support a limited theoretical equation developed from a simple physical model. IMS. 63-75 I
1 5 pages, including 7 table, 4jigures
Stability of Adiabatic Packed Bed Reactors. Mixing
-e Thin -film processing can be PROFITABLE for YOU
$2.00
Effect of Axial
Shean-liu Liu and Neal R. Amundson, University of Minnesota *.
Partial differential equations, describing transient behavior of the reactor, are solved by an iterative finite-difference method. Effects of changes in the interstitial velocity and in the diffusion coefficient upon temperature and partial pressure profiles are studied for both single- and multiple-state cases. Calculations are made for Peclet numbers between 1 and 3. Extension of previous study by these authors [lnd. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals 1, 200 (1962) I.
Ms. 63-76
35 pages, including 7Ofigures
$4.00
Eddy Formation in Film Flow Down a Vertical Plate
S. Portalski, Battersea College of Technology, London, England A n adaptation of Kapitza’s theory of wave formation explains generation of circulating eddies in a falling film of liquid on vertical planes. Regions of reversed flow can exist under troughs of a periodic traveling wave. This feature indicates the existance of appropriate conditions for formation of circulating eddies in the wavy flow.
Ms. 63-78
7 7 pages, including 3 fables, 3,figures
$2.00
Explorations of Surface and Cavity Properties in the Nucleate Boiling of Carbon Tetrachloride
G. W . Preckshot, University o j Minnesota, and V. E. Denny, Rice University Studies of pool boiling from specially highly polished surfaces with and without cavities were undertaken to gain insight in the pool boiling process. Cavity microgeometry is of great importance in nucleate boiling, and the effect of surface chemistry is not yet separable from surface roughness through the use of vapor-coated surfaces.
4 1 pages, including I table, Ilfigures
M s . 63-79
$5.00
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A Note on the Application of the Discrete Maximum Principle to Cross-Current Extraction
R. L. Zahradnik and D . H. Archer, Westznghouse Research Laboratories The discrete version of Pontryagin’s maximum principle is applied to the problem of optimally allocating an extracting solvent to the various stages of a cross-current extraction unit. Previously, this problem has been solved by dynamic programming. The differences in application between the two methods are illustrated. 10 pages, including I table, 2figures
M s . 63-87
Especially for hard-to-process materials: CHEMICALS
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PHARMACEUTICALS
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81.00
Effect of liquid Edrainment loading on the Performance of Wire Mesh Mist Eliminators
Ceiztrifiigal Thin-Film Pyocessing Equipment
E . W . Poppele and J . J . Salamone, Newark College of Engineerin< Two styles of knitted wire mesh entrainment separators, or demisters, were investigated to determine maximum useful gas flow rates over a wide range of liquid entrainment loading. Employing the relationship, V = K d ( P , - P,)/P,, the factor K is correlated with the liquid entrainment loading imposed on the demister for the system air-water. T h e relationship ob(log G - B ) / m , where the constants m and B tained is K depend on the demister style.
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M s . 63-84
43pages, including 3 tables, 5,figures
$5.00
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VOL. 5 5
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