RESEARCH RESULTS . . . . . . immediately available All manuscripts listed here are being considered for possible publication in I&EC and I&EC quarterlies. They are available to I&EC subscribers at reproduction and handling cost, at any time prior to publication. Papers withdrawn from consideration will generally remain available for 90 days if authors approve. A Research Results Service manuscript should be treated as a personal communication. Reference to its content in any publication should have the author's prior approval. Please use the printed couPon and include payment with your order. A
Numerical Method of Solving Differential Equations.
Represents a n extension of tau method of Lanczos and can be used for linear, nonlinear, ordinary, and partial differential equations. Essential feature of method is use of data library of transformation matrices to relate solution and derivatives. Use of these avoids some serious computational problems.
E . H . Spencer, Humble Oil and Refining Company M S . 65-139 2 7 p a g e s (3figures, 5 tables)
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............................................... Practical Constitutive Equafions for Vircoelastlc Fluids. Part 1. Comparison of Theories. Part ti. A n Explicit Constitutive Equafion Based on Simple Fluid Theory. I n Part I, four types
of constitutive theories for viscoelastic fluids are reviewed and compared : Oldroyd theories, superposition theories (Pao), elastic fluid theory (Bernstein, Kearsley, and Zapas), and modifications of Coleman-No11 second-order theory. In Part 11, a n explicit constitutive equation is developed by modifying, empirically, the second-order Coleman-No11 theory to predict reasonable shear dependent viscosities and normal stress functions.
D . C . Bogue and J. 0. Doughty, Department of Chemical and MetalFlow of Viscoelastic liquids fhrough Sudden Enlargements. A qualitative investigation of macroscopic effects showed higher
lurgical Engineering, University of Tennessee
static heads, larger head losses, larger axial length of turbulent region, and shift of pressure distribution with flowrate, thus confirming predicted behavior. Data obtained with dilute solutions of a vinyl polymer.
Ms. 65-185
Gianni Astarita and Luigi Nicodemo, Instituto di Chimica Industriale, Naples, Italy
25pages ( 5 j g u r e s )
Ms.65-776
Asympfotic lntegrafion of Moss and Energy Balances for Nonisothermal Reaction Systems. Technique yields asymp-
25pages (Sfigures, 1 table)
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The Concept of Resistance in the Flow of Fluids. Resistance instead of velocity in flow or pressure drop equation leads to simplified and standardized equations simplifying calculations and permitting plant and maintenance engineers to use data once they have been calculated by the designer.
Walter H.Prahl, Hooker Chemical Corporation
M S . 65-778 35pages ( 3 tables, Ifigure)
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$4.00
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Tailored Textiles for Tires. Mathematical analysis of cord mechanics developed for combining dissimilar fibers i n the same cord to obtain balance of properties. Merged fibers represent new concept in tire cord technology that could affect tire textile reinforcement.
Merged Fibers:
F. J. Kovac, G. W. Aye, and M . F. Dague, Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
MS. 6 5 - 1 8 0 32 pages ( 18 figures)
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$4.00
27 pages (dfigures, 7 table)
MS. 65- 186
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$6.00
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83.00
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86.00
totically valid results for small times as well as for large values of activation energy. Can be used for complicated kinetics and variable thermal properties. Accuracy obtainable for typical problems is good, Very useful for quick estimates and where computer time is limited. 0 . T . Hanna and R . S. Kapner, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
MS. 65- 189
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15pages ( 3 tables)
84.00
Viscous Heating in Capillaries: The Isothermal~WallCase.
Effect of viscous heating on viscosity measurements determined experimentally and compared with a mathematical solution of the basic equations. Three experimental programs indicated that a truly isothermal wall is very difficult to obtain experimentally. Heating is still a limiting problem in obtaining meaningful viscosities. J . E. Gerrard, F. E. Steidler, and J . K. Appeldoorn, ESSOResearch and Engineering Company
M ~ 65. rgo 2 1 pages (7Ofigures)
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Improving the Accuracy of the Dynamic Response of a Multisfage Mulflcomponent Column Model. Transient response of a
The Backflow Cell Model for Convective Flow Systems with Longitudinal Mixing: Moments Analysis. Equations are de-
multicomponent multistage distillation column is predicted by model using mass and energy balances. Model gives improvement in response accuracy and can be used for control evaluation and optimization studies or direct digital control studies.
rived which may be used to determine mean time, variance, and skew moments of impulse response of any cell in backflow cell model for a n input of tracer into inlet stream. Moments of the diffusion and backflow cell models are compared with respect to position and degree of mixing or dispersion.
J. H . Dufin, U . S. Naval Postgraduate School
M . H . Roemer and Leo Durbin, Texas A . 6" M. University
MS. 65-182 32 pages (70 tables, 7figures)
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MS. 65-793 44pages ( 8 figures, 1 table) VOL. 5 7
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AUGUST 1 9 6 5
119
AZEOTROPIC DATA-I I
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Titanium Pigments Manganese Dioxide Diatomaceous Earth Limestone
Regardless of the requirements, HARDINGE Tube Mills are designed to meet specific needs. Available from 4 to 14 feet in diameter; length up to 40 feet; single or multiple compartments; with acidproof lining of rubber, silica and porcelain. Complete specifications on request. Bulletin 18-B-12
For those chemists and chemical engineers who make or plan separations of multi-component mixtures by fractional distillation, AZEOTROPIC DATA-II is now available. This volume is supplementary t o t h e earlier one issued in 1952. AZEOTROPIC DATA-II consists of 92 pages of tables plus a short introduction. The data are grouped under: I. Binary Systems (1674); I I . Ternary Systems (251); and I l l . Quaternary Systems (12). Included are an empirical formula index and a bibliography. Most of the data are taken from the original literature, and from handbooks, review articles, etc. However, a number of companies supplied unpublished data for inclusion i n t h e tables. They are Commercial Solvents, Dow Chemical, Eastman Chemical Products, Farbenwerke Hoechst, Imperial Chemical Industries, Minnesota Mining, and Union Carbide. I f you are a petroleum chemist or chemical engineer, or an organic or physical chemist, you will find this book invaluable. Workers i n other fields of chemistry will welcome it t o round out their references on basic chemical technology. 100 pages.
Tricone compartment Tube Mill with grates and lifters
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INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
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RESEARCH RESULTS Failure occurs by an incubation stage where cations in the glass react with water vapor, followed by corrosion and growth of flaws to a critical size for fracture. Stress Corrosion of E-Glass Fibers.
rational design of reactors. systems were studied.
F. S. Karn, J . F. Shultz, and R. B. Anderson, Pittsburgh Coal Research Center, Bureau of Mines
G. K. Schmitz and A . G . Metcalfe, Solar, A Division of International Harvester Company
MS. 65-217
M s . 65-203
26pages ( 1 5 figures)
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33 pages (7 1figures, 6 tables)
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Both single pass and gas recycle
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83.00
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$8.00 Vapor Phase Nitration of Butane in a Molten Sail Reactor.
Radiative and Convective Heat Transfer to Small Particles.
Describes convective, radiative, and combined convective and radiative modes in three equations derived for transport of energy from hot gases to small silicon dioxide particles. Size of particle heated through 500' to 3000O R. by convective-radiative means can be determined if hot gas velocity and residence time are given.
Effects of molten salt temperature, mole ratio of C4H10to HNOO, and residence time were studied. Nitroparaffin yields, conversion, and product distribution varied widely with molten salt temperatures of 371 O to 482OC. Nitroparaffins resulted primarily from decomposition of alkyl nitrites.
Dennis L. Fear and George Burnet, Jr., Iowa State University of Science and Technology
Louis A . Madonna, Pennsylvania Military College
MS. 65-218
MS. 65-207
77 pages (4fiSures)
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38 pages (gfigures)
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88.00
Liquid testers containing synergistic metal salt-arylamine antioxidant systems promising as high-temperature lubricants where bulk oil can be aerated. Laboratory evaluation covers a variety of metal salts and antioxidants in a variety of ester base oils. Mechanisms by which systems work are not known; several factors which may be responsible are mentioned. Synergistic Antioxidants for Synthetic lubricants.
J . W. Thompson and I . G. Davis, Tennessee Eastman Company MS. 65-208
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2Opages (6figures, 5 tables)
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Epoxide Plasticjirer-Stabilizer for Poly(viny1 Chloride) from a-Campholenol, A Terpene-Derived Primary Alcohol. T h e
primary alcohol obtained from reduction of the aldehyde moiety of a-campholenealdehyde, easily obtainable from pinene epoxide, was esterified with decanoic acid, a commercial animal fatty acid, o-phthalic acid, oleic acid, and a-campholenic acid. Epoxidized esters of the fatty acids were acceptable primary plasticizers for PVC with excellent long-term thermal stability.
J . B . Lewis, F. C. Magne, and G. W . Hedrick, Naval Stores Laboratory
M S , 65-279
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7 2 pages ( 1 figure, 3 tables)
Robert A. Erb and Edmund Thelen, The Franklin Institute Research Laboratories Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers
84.00
Intuitive concepts are used to derive powerful variational methods for optimizing the design and control of chemical processes. Simple examples of the synthesis of optimal control systems and the optimal design of reactors are discussed in some detail. Optimal Design and Control by Variational Methods.
J . M . Douglas and M . M . Denn, University of Delaware M s . 65-212
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58pages (7figures, 2 tables)
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Particle Velocity Distribution In Batch Fluid Beds. Postulates a model for particle velocity distribution in fluid beds. Mean and standard deviations are adjustable parameters. Some physical basis for assumptions given, with indirect proof of validity in terms of an a v e r a h r a g coefficient correlation derived from postulates. \~
N . Subramanian and T. Gopochand, I.I.T., Madras, India
MS. 65-213 22pages (6fi'ures,
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$2.00
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Forced Flow Heat Exchanger Dynamics. Some of the approximations used in the past to solve the equation
condensation solved by plating copper-alloy tubes with thin noble-metal coatings. Condensation rate per unit area and over-all heat-transfer coefficient have increased 50 %, typically, and up to 90% i n some cases. A very important development in distribution processes for saline water conversion.
75pages (&?figures)
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84.00
84.00
Dropwise Condensation on Hydrophobic Metal and MetalProblem of producing permanent dropwise Sultlde Systems.
MS. 65-209
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Kinetics of Gas Synthesis over Raney Nickel Catalyst Using a Recycle System. Examines reaction rates at a variety of tem-
peratures, pressures, and feed gas compositions, providing basic information on the process and practical information needed for
hB [T&) - T ( t ) ]= 0 Ac Tc(0,t) = d 0 ) ; Tc(x,O) = f ( x ) which describes heat transfer to a fluid flowing in a cylindrical tube or annulus, are unnecessary because a very general analytical solution can be found through the use of Laplace Transforms.
W. Harmon Ray, University of Minnesota
M S . 65-227
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8 pages
Dynamics and Control of a Class of Nonlinear, Distributed Parameter, Parametrically Forced) Heat Exchangers and Chemical Reactors. Extends earlier work by defining a more
accurate type of linearization to represent the dynamics and studying a control system design problem. A new and improved method for controlling distributed parameter systems involving nonlinear feedback is illustrated for proportional control.
Lowell B. Koppel, Purdue University
M S . 65-222
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33 pages ( 9 figures)
T h e reduction of T a 2 0 6and two methods of preparing tantalum carbides from methane and tantalum pentoxide, and from methane and -325 mesh tantalum metal are described. Yields as high as 70% T a C based on T a input were obtained by the second method.
Tantalum Carbides Formation in a Plasma Jet.
J . J . Correa and C. S. Stokes, Research Institute of Temple University Subscribers
M S . 65-228 6 pages ( 3 tables)
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NO. 8
AUGUST 1965
121
