ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Research Section: Table of Contents Review 1413 Glutathione Conjugation and Contaminant Transformation Jennifer A. Field
A review in support of the hypothesis that glutathione conjugation plays an important role in organic contaminant transformations.
Multiwavelength laser excitation and time-integrated fluorescence detection is applied to measure BTXE and PAH contaminations in water and soil.
1459 Acetochlor in the Hydrologic System in the Midwestern United States, 1994 Dana W. Kolpin and Brenda K. Nations
Research
The occurrence of acetochlor in rain, streams, and groundwater is investigated after its first season of extensive use in the midwestern United States.
1419
1465
Effects of Six Different Functional Groups and Their Position on the Bacterial Metabolism of Monosubstituted Phenols under Anaerobic Conditions
Disinfection Interference in Wastewaters by Natural Organic Nitrogen Compounds
Owen A. O'Connor and L. Y. Young
The anaerobic condition and the nature of a substituent can influence the metabolism and toxicity of phenolic compounds.
1429 PCBs in Lake Michigan Water Revisited Roger F. Pearson, Keri C. Hornbuckle, Steven J. Eisenreich, and Deborah L. Swackhamer
PCBs in Lake Michigan have declined in the last decade, and a current lake-wide PCB budget is provided.
• 1493 Use of the Solubility Domain Approach for the Modeling of the Hydroxide Precipitation of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Karlis A. Baltpurvins, Robert C. Burns, and Geoffrey A. Lawrance
The hydroxide precipitation of Zn2+, Pb2+, and Fe3+ from various synthetic and real wastewater types is modeled and experimentally validated using the solubility domain approach.
1500 Adsorption Kinetics of Toluene on Soil Agglomerates: Soil as a Biporous Sorbent
Frank E. Scully, Jr. and Angela Crabb Hartman
Marco A. Arocha, Alan P. Jackman, and Ben J. McCoy
A direct relationship was found to exist between the total organic nitrogen to ammonia ratios (TON/NH3) of wastewater mixtures and chlorine disinfection interference.
Experimental data obtained with a microbalance for toluene sorption in soil and clay are interpreted by a mathematical model for adsorption and diffusion in micropores and macropores.
1472
1508
Microbial Mineralization of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol in Soil
Particulate Organic Carbon Solubilization in an Acid-Phase Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket System
Valeria Matus, Mónica Vásquez, Matías Vicente, and Bernardo González
Soil microbiota mineralize up to 45% of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (1-100 ppm) in aerobic incubations of a soil not previously exposed to chloroorganics.
Panagiotis Elefsiniotis, David G. Wareham, and William K. Oldham
The effects of operational and environmental parameters on particulate organic carbon solubilization during the acid-phase digestion of primary municipal sludge is explored.
• 1437
1477
Statistical Approach to Meeting Soil Cleanup Goals
Volatile N-Nitrosamines in Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Sampling, Analysis, Emission Factors, and Indoor Air Exposures
Gypsum and Other Calcium-Rich Aerosol Particles above the North Sea
Kariyawasam R. R. Mahanama and Joan M. Daisey
Stefaan Hoornaert, Hans Van Malderen, and René Van Grieken
Individual Ca-rich and CaS04 particles are studied by electron probe X-ray microanalysis in aerosols collected above the North Sea.
1445
Emission factors are determined for the two major volatile AT-nitrosamines in environmental tobacco smoke using a newly developed sampling and analysis method.
On-Road Evaluation of Inspection/ Maintenance Effectiveness
1485
Teresa S. Bowers, Neil S. Shifrin, and Brian L. Murphy
A statistical methodology for calculating the contaminant concentration level that must be addressed in the field in order to meet average cleanup targets is discussed.
Yi Zhang, Donald H. Stedman, Gary A. Bishop, Stuart P. Beaton, and Paul L. Guenther
The performance of past I/M programs at several monitored locations are not as effective as expected.
1451 On-Site Laser Probe for the Detection of Petroleum Products in Water and
Soil
1515
1521 Kinetics of the Alkaline Hydrolysis of High Explosives RDX and HMX in Aqueous Solution and Adsorbed to Activated Carbon
Protocol for the Analysis of High Concentrations of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene Isomers in Water Using Automated Solid-Phase Microextraction-GC-FID
Harro M. Heilmann, Udo Wiesmann, and Michael K. Stenstrom
Steven P. Thomas, Ramanathan Sri Ranjan, G. R. Barrie Webster, and Leonard P. Sarna
Alkaline hydrolysis can destroy the high explosive compounds, RDX and HMX, in solution and adsorbed to activated carbon to produce nonexplosive byproducts.
A dilution protocol is developed to allow the determination of high concentrations of BTEX in water with the fast and efficient automated SPME-GC-FID analysis method.
Wolfgang Schade and Jens Bublitz
VOL. 30, NO. 5, 1996/ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS • 2 2 3 A
RESEARCH CONTINUED 1527
1565
1604
SF6-3He Tracer Release Experiment: A New Method of Determining Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficients in Large Rivers
Multi-Wavelength Molecular Fluorescence Spectrometry for Quantitative Characterization of Copper(ll) and Aluminum(lll) Complexation by Dissolved Organic Matter
Adsorption of Catechols, 2-Aminophenols, and 1,2-Phenylenediamines at the Metal (Hydr)Oxide/Water Interface: Effect of Ring Substituents on the Adsorption onto TiO2
Jordan F. Clark, Peter Schlosser, Martin Stute, and H. James Simpson
A method is described to use nonreactive gas tracers to determine longitudinal dispersion and gas transfer in large rivers.
1533 Impact of Several Water-Miscible Organic Solvents on Sorption of Benzoic Acid by Soil Linda S. Lee and P. Suresh C. Rao
The relationship between sorption, solubility, and speciation of benzoic acid in cosolvent/water solutions is not consistent for all organic solvents.
1540 Direct Determination of Lead Speciation in Contaminated Soils by EXAFS Spectroscopy Alain Manceau, Marie-Claire Boisset, Geraldine Sarret, Jean-Louis Hazemann, Michel Mench, Philippe Cambier, and René Prost
Lead speciation in three soils contaminated by different sorts of industrial activities is investigated by EXAFS spectroscopy.
1553 Mechanism(s) Controlling Sorption of Neutral Organic Contaminants by Surfactant-Derived and Natural Organic Matter Guangyao Sheng, Shihe Xu, and Stephen A. Boyd
Sorption of organic contaminants by surfactant-based organic matter of organoclays is higher than by natural soil organic matter due to the existence of multiple sorptive mechanisms for organoclays and the greater solvency of their organic phases.
1558 Radiolytic Elimination of Organochlorine in Pulp Mill Effluent Fariborz Taghipour and Greg J. Evans
A bench-scale study of parameters influencing the radiolytic removal of AOX from pulp mill effluent is described.
Jörg Luster, Thomas Lloyd, and Garrison Sposito
Conditional stability constants and binding capacities for two types of Cu(II) and Al(III) binding site of a juniper leaf litter extract are determined.
1575 Trace Metal Concentrations in the Surf Zone and in Coastal Waters off Baja California, Mexico Sergio A. Sañudo-Wilhelmy
Trace metal levels in neritic surface waters off Baja California appear to be controlled by physical and biogeochemical processes characteristic of open ocean waters of the northeast Pacific.
1581 Influence of Harbor Contamination on the Level and Composition of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Produce in Greater New Bedford, Massachusetts Alison C. Cullen, Donna J. Vorhees, and Larisa M. Altshul
Concentrations of 47 individual PCB congeners are measured in produce, soil, and air samples from New Bedford, MA, before and during remedial harbor dredging.
1589 Kinetic Aspects of Surfactant Solubilization of Soil-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Ick Tae Yeom, Mriganka M. Ghosh, and Chris D. Cox
Surfactants enhance PAH release from weathered MGP soils mainly by increasing matrix diffusivtty, while micellar solubilization plays a secondary role.
1596 Survival and Activity of an Atrazine-Mineralizing Bacterial Consortium in Rhizosphere Soil S. Alvey and D. E. Crowley
The influence of corn plants on mineralization rates of the herbicide atrazine is evaluated after inoculation of soil with an atrazine-degrading bacterial consortium.
2 2 4 A • VOL. 30, NO. 5, 1996 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS
Dharni Vasudevan and Alan T. Stone
Ligand substituents and non-ligand substituents affect the extent of aromatic pollutant adsorption onto Ti02 surfaces.
1614 Kinetics of Chromate Reduction by Ferrous Iron Scott E. Fendorf and Guangchao Li
An expression describing the rate of Cr(VI) reduction by Fe(II) indicates that oxygen will have a minimal influence on this reaction.
1618 Microbial Reduction of Crystalline Iron(lll) Oxides: Influence of Oxide Surface Area and Potential for Cell Growth Eric E. Roden and John M. Zachara
Microbial reduction of crystalline iron(III) oxides is controlled by particle surface area; bacterial growth with such compounds as electron acceptors is possible.
1629 Effect of Soil Factors on Methyl Bromide Volatilization after Soil Application Jianying Gan, Scott R. Yates, Dong Wang, and William F. Spencer
Methyl bromide emission is found to be closely dependent on soil conditions and thus may be minimized by using improved management strategies.
1637 Influence of Level and Form of Chlorine on the Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Benzenes during Combustion of an Artificial Fuel in a Laboratory Reactor Evalena Wikström, G. Löfvenius, C. Rappe, and S. Marklund
PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBzs are formed during combustion of seven fuels with different chlorine levels, with chlorine added as inorganic (CaCl2) or/and organic chlorine (PVC).
1645
1680
1731
Effects of High pH on Arsenic Mobility in a Shallow Sandy Aquifer and on Aquifer Permeability along the Adjacent Shoreline, Commencement Bay Superfund Site, Tacoma, Washington
Integrated Assessment of Reduced Emission Impacts from a Biomedical Waste Incinerator. Atmospheric Characterization and Modeling Applications on Particulate Matter and Acid Gases
Air Quality Model Evaluation Data for Organics. 1. Bulk Chemical Composition and Gas/Particle Distribution Factors
Paul E. Mariner, Fred J. Holzmer, Richard E. Jackson, and Hans W. Meinardus
Shaibal Mukerjee, Matthew C. Somerville, Robert D. Willis, Donald L. Fox, Robert K. Stevens, Robert B. Kellogg, David C. Stiles, Thomas A. Lumpkin, and Carl M. Shy
A field experiment is conducted that provides comprehensive data simultaneously on both gas-phase, semivolatile, and particle-phase organic compounds in the southern California atmosphere.
Although high pH increases arsenic mobility, the resulting precipitation reactions along the shoreline limit arsenic discharge to the bay.
1652 Persistence and Spatial Range as Endpoints of an Exposure-Based Assessment of Organic Chemicals Martin Scheringer
The use of persistence and spatial range as two basic characteristics of exposure patterns is demonstrated by means of an evaluative model of the global circulation.
1660 Environmental Photochemistry on Semiconductor Surfaces: Photosensitized Degradation of a Textile Azo Dye, Acid Orange 7, on TiO2 Particles Using Visible Light K. Vinodgopal and Darrel E. Wynkoop
The textile azo dye, Acid Orange 7, undergoes photosensitized degradation on Ti02 particles under visible light irradiation with a phthalic acid derivative as the end product.
1667 Microbial Reduction of Cr(VI) during Anaerobic Degradation of Benzoate
An integrated source apportionment approach is presented to assess emission impacts from a biomedical incinerator that underwent an emission reduction strategy.
1687 Metal Ion Binding by Humic Acid: Application of the NICA-Donnan Model David G. Kinniburgh, Christopher J. Milne, Marc F. Benedetti, Jose P. Pinheiro, Jeroen Filius, Luuk K. Koopal, and Willem H. Van Riemsdijk
A new model successfully describes the binding of protons and metal ions to humic substances over a wide range of solution conditions.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of a Field-Scale Rotary Kiln Incinerator Allen L. Jakway and Arthur M. Sterling
A second-generation, steady-state numerical model of a rotary kiln hazardous waste incinerator is presented including a comparison with its predecessor model and to field data, a grid dependency study, and parametric and sensitivity studies.
Microorganisms are capable of mediating Cr(VI) reduction linked to benzoate metabolism under anaerobic conditions.
Influences of Natural Dissolved Organic Matter on the Interaction of Aluminum with the Microalga Chlorella: A Test of the Free-Ion Model of Trace Metal Toxicity
Daisuke Nakajima, Emi Kojima, Saeko Iwaya, Junzo Suzuki, and Shizuo Suzuki
P-O-Glucoside and p-O-glucuronide of 1-hydroxypyrene are found and quantified in woody plant leaves over 1 year.
Development of Two Biomass Control Strategies for Extended, Stable Operation of Highly Efficient Biofilters with High Toluene Loadings Francis L. Smith, George A. Sorial, Makram T. Suidan, Alexander W. Breen, and Pratim Biswas
Two pilot-scale trickle bed air biofilters are run to evaluate the effects on performance and microbial consortia of two plugging control strategies: medium backwashing and different forms of nutrient-N.
Degradation of Metal-Nitrilotriacetate Complexes by Nitrilotriacetate Monooxygenase Luying Xun, Robert B. Reeder, Andrew E. Plymale, Donald C. Girvin, and Harvey Bolton, Jr.
The kinetics of degradation for various metal-NTA complexes by NTA monooxygenase are investigated using aqueous speciation modeling to predict the NTA species in solution.
1756
1713
Presence of 1-Hydroxypyrene Conjugates in Woody Plant Leaves and Seasonal Changes in Their Concentrations
1744
1752
1699
Hai Shen, P. Hap Pritchard, and Guy W. Sewell
1675
Matthew P. Fraser, Daniel Grosjean, Eric Grosjean, R. A. Rasmussen, and Glen R. Cass
Use Parent, Michael R. Twiss, and Peter G. C. Campbell
Aluminum speciation is controlled in laboratory experiments to demonstrate that toxicity at a constant concentration of Al3+ is ameliorated by the presence of fulvic acid.
1721 Preliminary Assessment of the Occurrence and Possible Sources of MTBE in Groundwater in the United States, 1993-1994 Paul J. Squillace, John S. Zogorski, William G. Wilber, and Curtis V. Price
OH Radical Reactions: The Major Removal Pathway for Polychlorinated Biphenyls from the Atmosphere Philip N. Anderson and Ronald A. Hites
Measured rate constants for 14 PCBs indicate that reactions of these compounds with the OH radical is the major process by which they are lost from the environment.
1764 Bioremediation of an Experimental Oil Spill on the Shoreline of Delaware Bay Albert D. Venosa, Makram T. Suidan, Brian A. Wrenn, Kevin L. Strohmeier, John R. Haines, B. Loye Eberhart, Dennis King, and Edith Holder
This oil spill bioremediation field study shows that frequent addition of mineral nutrients significantly enhances bioremediation on a beach containing moderately high nitrogen levels.
MTBE is detected in 27% of 210 shallow wells and springs sampled in eight urban areas and generally is not found with BTEX compounds.
VOL. 30, NO. 5, 1996/ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS * 2 2 5 A
Attention Educators! THE CHEMISTRY CLASSROOM Formula© for Successful Teaching
AMERICAN · CHEMICAL · SOCIETY
RESEARCH CONTINUED
CHEMICAL
1776 Photochemical Oxidation of Phenanthrene Sorbed on Silica Gel
SCIENCES GRADUATE
John T. Barbas, Michael E. Sigman, and Reza Dabestani
SCHOOL FINDER
Photolysis of phenanthrene at an Si02/ air interface proceeds quantitatively by singlet molecular oxygen addition with decomposition of the initial adduct to give identifiable products. 1781 Kinetics and Products of the Gas-Phase Reactions of 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one and trans-Cinnamaldehyde with OH and NO3 Radicals and O3 at 296 ± 2 K
The Chemistry Classroom: Formulas for Successful Teaching
Anna M. Smith, Elisabeth Rigler, Eric S. C. Kwok, and Roger Atkinson
A
1786 Reconstruction of Lake Phosphorus Loading and Dynamics Using the Sedimentary Record
imed at chemists who teach at the high school and introductory college level, this valuable resource provides the reader with a wealth of knowledge and insight into Dr. Herron's experiences in teaching and learning chemistry. Using specific examples from chemistry to illustrate principles of learning, the volume applies cognitive science to teaching chemistry and explores such topics as how individuals learn, teaching problem solving, concept learning language roles, and task involvement. Includes learning exercises to help educators decide how they should teach. J. D u d l e y H e r r o n , M o r e h e a d S t a t e University
450 pages(1995) Clothbound: ISBN 0-8412-3298-9 $49.95 (plus $3.00 handling) Paperbound: ISBN 0-8412-3299-7 S34.95 (plus $3.00 handling) ORDER F R O M American Chemical Society 1155 Sixteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20036 Or CALL TOLL FREE
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Gas-phase reactions and mechanisms of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and frans-cinnamaldehyde with OH radicals, N0 3 radicals, and 0 3 are investigated at 296 ± 2 K.
Communications
Brian Rippey
A new development allows lake phosphorus loading and dynamics over the last 150 years to be reconstructed from the sedimentary record. 1789 Enhanced Thermal Destruction of Anthracene Vapor upon Laser Irradiation at 248 nm in the 150—800 °C Range Andreas Thöny, Hubert van den Bergh, and Michel J. Rossi
Irradiation of an atmospheric pressure reaction cell results in a large efficiency enhancement of thermal destruction of anthracene vapor for temperatures of 150-800 °C. 1794 Evidence of a Novel Mechanism of Semivolatile Organic Compound Deposition in Coniferous Forests Michael Horstmann and Michael S. McLachlan
The high deposition rates of SOC in coniferous forests are partly attributable to falling needles, but another novel mechanism plays an important role.
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Chemical Sciences Graduate School Finder, 1995-1996 Graduate Schooll.. where to go, what to study, how much does it cost? If these are the questions you're asking the Chemical Sciences Graduate School Finder is the book for you. This concise and easy-to-use guide provides undergraduate chemistry students with the information necessary for selecting a graduate program to suit their needs and goals. Includes listings from more than 225 major educational institutions in the United States and Canada offering courses leading to a Master's or Ph.D. degree in chemistry and all allied fields. Provides information on the size and make-up of student population, admission and degree requirements, costs and financial aid, faculty members and their research specialties, and the institutions' research facilities and equipment. Also included is a section on how to apply to graduate school, a checklist of things to do, and perforated pages with preprinted postcards for requesting materials from graduate schools. Contents •
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