Research Critical Reviews 1 Contaminant Vapor Adsorption at the Gas-Water Interface in Soils Molly S. Costanza and Mark L. Brusseau
The impact of vapor adsorption at the gas-water interface on the transport and fate of volatile organic compounds in unsaturated porous media is examined.
Characterization of Natural and Affected Environments 12 200 Years of Pb Deposition throughout the Czech Republic: Patterns and Sources
Melanie A. Vile, R. Kelman Wieder, and Martin Novák Historical rates of atmospherically deposited Pb deposition throughout the Czech Republic indicate the magnitude of Pb pollution in the former Czechoslovakia over the past 200 years.
• 22 The Predominance of Inorganic Arsenic Species in Plants from Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
Iris Koch, Lixia Wang, Chris A. Ollson, William R. Cullen, and Kenneth J. Reimer Speciation analysis reveals that predominantly inorganic arsenic species and minor amounts of organic forms, including arsenosugars, are present in plants from Yellowknife, NWT.
27 Volatile Metal and Metalloid Species (Pb, Hg, Se) in a European Urban Atmosphere (Bordeaux, France)
Christophe Pécheyran, Béatrice Lalère, and Olivier F. X. Donard Occurrence and distribution of volatile metal(oid) species in a European urban atmosphere are studied using a low temperature/GC/ICPMS device.
33 Sedimentary Record of Polychlorinated Naphthalene Concentrations and Deposition Fluxes in a Dated Lake Core Bondi Gevao, Tom Harner, and Kevin C. Jones
The historical record of PCN input to the U.K. environment is reconstructed from the profundal sediments of Esthwaite Water.
39 Combined Analysis of Bile Acids and Sterols/Stanols from Riverine Particulates To Assess Sewage Discharges and Other Fecal Sources
Mohamed M. Elhmmali, David J. Roberts, and Richard P. Evershed Bile acid and sterol/stanol distributions in suspended particulates are determined by GC and GC/MS to trace sources of fecal matter inputs along a U.K. river.
• 47 Using Imaging Spectroscopy To Map Acidic Mine Waste
Environmental Processes • 62 Colloid Transport and Filtration of Cryptosporidium parvum in Sandy Soils and Aquifer Sediments
Thomas Harter, Sonja Wagner, and Edward R. Atwill Transport properties of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in sandy porous media (soils, aquifer) are determined empirically and discussed within the framework of subsurface biocolloid transport.
71 Water Absorption by Secondary Organic Aerosol and Its Effect on Inorganic Aerosol Behavior Asif S. Ansari and Spyros N. Pandis
The water absorption of secondary organic aerosols and its possible effects on nitrate partitioning is estimated with available thermodynamic models.
• 78 Factors Influencing Atmospheric Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Birmingham, U.K. Gian Marco Currado and Stuart Harrad
Equilibrium surface-air partitioning is shown to be the principal source of urban atmospheric penta- through heptachlorinated PCBs but not of the tri- and tetrachlorinated homologues.
83 Reaction Pathways Involved in the Reduction of Monochloramine by Ferrous Iron Peter J. Vikesland and Richard L. Valentine
Monochloramine reduction by Fe(II) was investigated and a reaction mechanism involving surface catalysis and the radical intermediate amidogen ('NH2) was developed.
91 Geochemical Influences on Assimilation of Sediment-Bound Metals in Clams and Mussels Sarah B. Griscom, Nicholas S. Fisher, and Samuel N. Luoma
The assimilation of metals bound to oxic and anoxic sediment in two marine bivalves is compared in a series of radiotracer experiments.
100 Zinc Immobilization and Magnetite Formation via Ferric Oxide Reduction by Shewanella putrefaciens 200
D. Craig Cooper, Flynn Picardal, Jason Rivera, and Catherine Talbot Microbial goethite and lepidocrocite reduction can immobilize surfacebound Zn into a new mineral phase that is not soluble in 0.5 M HC1.
107 Influence of Grazing and Nitrogen on Benthic Algal Blooms in Diesel Fuel-Contaminated Saltmarsh Sediments
Kevin R. Carman, Thomas S. Bianchi, and Frank Kloep Microalgal blooms that occur in diesel fuel-contaminated sediments are a response to the combined effects of mortality to grazers and enhanced nitrogen flux from sediments. •
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Reduction and Oxidation Processes of Chromium in Soils N. Kožuh, J. Štupar, and B. Gorenc
Gregg A. Swayze, Kathleen S. Smith, Roger N. Clark, Stephen J. Sutley, Ronald M. Pearson, J. Sam Vance, Philip L Hageman, Paul H. Briggs, Allen L. Meier, Michael J. Singleton, and Shelly Roth Airborne imaging spectroscopy can be used to rapidly screen entire mining districts for potential sources of surface acid drainage.
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Chlorothalonil in a Quartz Sand Soil: Speciation and Kinetics
Atrazine and Nutrients in Precipitation: Results from the Lake Michigan Mass Balance Study
Donald S. Gamble, Aldo G. Bruccoleri, Elspeth Lindsay, Cooper H. Langford, and Gregory A. Leys
Sondra M. Miller, Clyde W. Sweet, Joseph V DePinto, and Keri C. Hornbuckle The herbicide atrazine in springtime precipitation has not declined since the early 1990s; wet deposition of atrazine, N, and P is a function of precipitation rates.
In all the natural soils examined, both reduction and oxidation of added soluble chromium take place, but the Cr(VT) reduction dominates over Cr(III) oxidation.
The stoichiometry, kinetics, and equilibrium constant of labile surface sorption and bound residue formation were determined for chlorothalonil in a quartz sandy soil.
125 Chlorothalonil in a Quartz Sand Soil: Wetting Effects on Sorption Capacity and Bound Residue
• Supporting Information is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.
Donald S. Gamble, Aldo G. Bruccoleri, Elspeth Lindsay, Cooper H. Langford, and Gregory A. Leyes
JANUARY 1, 2000/ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS • 5 A
A titration method was developed for the labile sorption capacity of a quartz sand soil for chlorothalonil. Wetting affects labile sorption and bound residue formation.
• 130 Kinetics of MSWI Fly Ash Thermal Degradation. 1. Empirical Rate Equation for Native Carbon Gasification
Margareta Lundin, Magnus Bengtsson, and Sverker Molander Empirical results from comparing conventional and separation sanitary systems with LCA and some methodological aspects of these kinds of environmental assessments of technical systems are given.
Environmental Measurements Methods 187
Marina Lasagni, Elena Collina, Massimo Tettamanti, and Demetrio Pitea The thermal degradation rate of organic carbon on fly ashes from different municipal solid waste incinerators is studied in batch experiments in air.
Thin-Foil SEM Analysis of Soil and Groundwater Colloids: Reducing Instrument and Operator Bias
137
Critical limitations in the SEM analysis of environmental colloids are addressed using a modified sample mounting procedure.
Kinetics of MSWI Fly Ash Thermal Degradation. 2. Mechanism of Native Carbon Gasification
John C. Seaman
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Elena Collina, Marina Lasagni, Massimo Tettamanti, and Demetrio Pitea A generalized kinetic model for fly ash native carbon oxidation is developed; it is shown that the conversion to C0 2 is the result of two simultaneous processes.
Surfactant-Enhanced Partitioning of Nickel and Vanadyl Deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrins from Crude Oil into Water and Their Analysis Using Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
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Ricardo Cantú, Joseph R. Stencel, Roman S. Czernuszewicz, Peter R. Jaffé, and Timothy D. Lash
Photolytic Method for Destruction of Dioxins in Liquid Laboratory Waste and Identification of the Photoproducts from 2,3,7,8-TCDD Alexandre D. Konstantinov, Andrea M. Johnston, Brian J. Cox, John R. Petrulis, Monika T. Orzechowski, Nigel J. Bunce, Colleen H. M. Tashiro, and Brock G. Chittim
Synthetic petroporphyrins, surfactants, and a variety of analytical techniques are used to investigate the possibility that nickel and vanadyl porphyrins present in crude oil can be leached into groundwater.
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Photolysis at 254 nm affords a convenient method of degrading dioxin-like compounds in laboratory waste, with no Ah or estrogen receptor-binding activities.
Relaxed Eddy-Accumulation Technique for Measuring Ammonia Volatilization
Environmental Technology 149
A REA/denuder tube system is developed and utilized to measure NH3 daytime fluxes over a corn field fertilized with urea.
T. Zhu, E. Pattey, and R. L Desjardins
In-Situ Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Groundwater Using Catalytic Reductive Dehalogenation in a Reactive Well: Testing and Operational Experiences
204
WaltW. McNab, Jr., Roberto Ruiz, and Martin Reinhard Reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated hydrocarbons by hydrogen on a palladium catalyst has been demonstrated as a viable groundwater cleanup technology using a reactive well bore.
Scott D. Kohl, Paul J. Toscano, Wenhua Hou, and James A. Rice Spectroscopic evidence for dual-mode sorption is presented using 19 F solid-state NMR.
154 Impact of Flue Gas Conditions on Mercury Uptake by Sulfur-Impregnated Activated Carbon Wei Liu, Radisav D. Vidic, and Thomas D. Brown
Novel sulfur-impregnated activated carbon shows excellent mercury uptake even in the presence of major flue gas constituents (i.e., C0 2 , 0 2 , H 2 0, S0 2 , NO).
160 Clay Swelling and Formation Permeability Reductions Induced by a Nonionic Surfactant Kevin H. Gardner and Miguel S. Arias
Adsorption of nonionic surfactants in smectite mineral interlayers increases basal spacing and reduces permeabilities of porous media.
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Solid-State 19F NMR Investigation of Hexafluorobenzene Sorption to Soil Organic Matter
211 Particle Detection Efficiencies of Aerosol Time of Flight Mass Spectrometers under Ambient Sampling Conditions Jonathan 0. Allen, David P. Fergenson, Eric E. Gard, Lara S. Hughes, Bradley D. Morrical, Michael J. Kleeman, Deborah S. Gross, Markus E. Gälli, Kimberly A. Prather, and Glen R. Cass
The particle detection efficiencies of three aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometers are determined under ambient sampling conditions from the results of colocated sampling with more conventional reference samplers.
Research Notes 218 Enantiomer Fractions Are Preferred to Enantiomer Ratios for Describing Chiral Signatures in Environmental Analysis
Joseph A. Laszlo
Tom Harner, Karin Wiberg, and Ross Norstrom On the basis of graphical and mathematical considerations, the enantiomer fraction is shown to be the preferred descriptor of chiral signatures.
The microbial azo-reductase activity of an anaerobic reactor can regenerate dye-adsorbent resin in a textile wastewater treatment system.
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Aerobic Microbial Mineralization of Dichloroethene as Sole Carbon Substrate
Regeneration of Azo-Dye-Saturated Cellulosic Anion Exchange Resin by Burkholderia cepacia Anaerobic Dye Reduction
Reductive Dechlorination of Trichloroethene and Carbon Tetrachloride Using Iron and Palladized-lron Cathodes Tie Li and James Farrell
Reaction rates and mechanisms for reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene by iron and palladized-iron cathodes are investigated.
Environmental Modeling 180 Life Cycle Assessment of Wastewater Systems: Influence of System Boundaries and Scale on Calculated Environmental Loads
6 A • JANUARY 1, 2000 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS
Paul M. Bradley and Francis H. Chapelle
Microorganisms cultured from the bed sediments of a black-water stream utilized 1,2-dichloroethene as a sole carbon substrate under aerobic conditions.
Additions and Corrections 224 Perchlorate Identification in Fertilizers Sridhar Susarla, T. W. Collette, A. W. Garrison, N. L Wolfe, and S. C. McCutcheon
