1302
RESEARCH
Effect of Ambient Temperature and E-10 Fuel on Primary Exhaust Particulate Matter Emissions from Light-Duty
Vehicles
1253 Multivariate Approach to Distribution Patterns and Fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments from Smelter-Affected Norwegian Fjords and Coastal Waters Kristoffer Naes and Eivind Oug
PAH profiles in Norwegian smelter-affected fjord sediments show patterns characteristic of individual plants, which are not suppressed by natural transformation reaction.
Patricia A. Mulawa, Steven H. Cadle, Kenneth Knapp, Roy Zweidinger, Richard Snow, Randy Lucas, and Joseph Goldbach
Low-temperature operation of in-use vehicles results in increases in particulate matter emissions as temperature decreases.
1308 From the 1988 Drought to the 1993 Flood: Transport of Halogenated Organic Compounds with the Mississippi River Suspended Sediment at Thebes, Illinois Colleen E. Rostad
1259 Field-Scale Transport of Nonpolar Organic Solutes in 3-D Heterogeneous Aquifers Mark A. Cushey and Yoram Rubin
A rapid method for simulating the migration of organic contaminants in groundwater is presented, and model results are found to resemble field data from Borden.
Mississippi River suspended sediment transport at Thebes, I of some lipophilic halogenated organic compounds was sub stantially higher during the 1993 flood than five previous sampling periods. 1313 Expression Dewatering of Alum-Coagulated Clay Slurries I. L Chang, C. P.Chu,D. J.Lee,andChihpin Huang
1269 Geochemical Modeling of Weathering Reactions in Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Bottom Ash Jeannet A. Meima and Rob N. J. Comans
Filtration followed by expression characteristics of alum-coagulated clay slurries is investigated, and optimal alum dosage is discussed.
A combination of controlled leaching experiments and geochemical modeling is used to investigate leaching mechanisms of MSWI bottom ash at different stages of natural weathering.
1320 Sulfate Sampling Artifact from SO2 and Alkaline Soil Robert A. Eldred and Thomas A. Cahill
1277 Nonionic Surfactant-Enhanced Solubilization and Recovery of Organic Contaminants from within Cationic Surfactant-Enhanced Sorbent Zones. 1. Experiments Joel S. Hayworth and David R. Burris
Comparison of over 2000 collocated sulfate measurements with and without removing S0 2 shows no measurable S0 2 artifact in the Desert Southwest.
Nonionic surfactant-enhanced solubilization of hydrophobic organic contaminants from within cationic surfactantenhanced sorbent zones is experimentally examined as a possible groundwater remediation scheme.
Herbicides and Their Metabolites in Rainfall: Origin, Transport, and Deposition Patterns across the Midwestern and Northeastern United States, 1990-1991
1284 Nonionic Surfactant-Enhanced Solubilization and Recovery of Organic Contaminants from within Cationic Surfactant-Enhanced Sorbent Zones. 2. Numerical Simulations Joel S. Hayworth and David R. Burris
The coupled transport and partitioning behavior of a nonionic surfactant and a hydrophobic organic contaminant within a cationic surfactant-enhanced sorbent zone is investigated via numerical simulation.
1290 Formation and Removal of Hydrocarbon Residual in Porous Media: Effects of Attached Bacteria and Biosurfactants David C. Herman, Robert J. Lenhard, and Raina M. Miller
Residual hexadecane formation in a sand matrix is not affected by attached bacteria; entrapped hexadecane is remediated by a combination of biodegradation and biosurfactant treatment.
1295 Source Apportionment of Pb Pollution in the Coastal Waters of Elefsis Bay, Greece Michael Kersten, Carl-Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, Susanne Thomsen, Christos Anagnostou, and Andreas Sioulas
1325
Donald A. Goolsby, E. Michael Thurman, Michael L. Pomes, Michael T. Meyer, and William A. Battaglin
Concentrations and annual mass deposition of atrazine and alachlor in rainfall are estimated for the midwestern and northeastern United States and the Great Lakes.
1334 Increases in Fluxes of Greenhouse Gases and Methyl Mercury following Flooding of an Experimental Reservoir C. A. Kelly, J. W. M. Rudd, R. A. Bodaly, N. P.Roulet,V.L.St.Louis, A. Heyes, T. R. Moore, S.Schiiff,R. Aravena, K. J. Scott, B. Dyck, R. Harris, B. Warner, and G. Edwards
Flooding of wetlands causes them to change from a small carbon sink to a large carbon source and greatly increases mercury methylation and fish mercury.
1345 Secondary Organic Aerosol from the Photooxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Molecular Composition Hali J. L. Forstner, Richard C. Flagan, and John H. Seinfeld
The molecular composition of aerosols produced from the photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons in outdoor smog chamber studies is reported.
1359
Measurements of 206Pb/207Pb reveal the relative contributions of industrial and car-exhaust emissions to seawater and sediment pollution.
In-Place Inactivation of Pb in Pb-Contaminated Soils William R. Berti and Scott D. Cunningham
In-place inactivation reduces the hazards of contaminated soils through the use of materials that change the soil Pb chemistry.
VOL. 31.NO. 5, 1997 /ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE S TECHNOLOGY /NEWS a 2 0 5 A
1365
1426
Mechanistic Implications of the Intrahumic Dechlorination of Mirex
Kinetics and pH Dependence of Chromium(VI) Reduction by Iron(ll)
Susan E. Burns, John P. Hassett, and Maura V. Rossi
Ignaz J. Buerge and Stephan J. Hug
A mechanistic investigation into the humic-mediated dechlorination of mirex.
A rate law derived from measurements in buffered solutions between pH 2 and pH 7.2 shows that rates increase above and below pH 4.
1372 Formation of Trace Byproducts in the Premixed Flames of
1433
CH 3 CI/C 2 H 4
Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Copper Ion Uptake by Calcium Alginate
Jiawei Huang, Isik Onal, and Selim M. Senkan
Online GC/MS was used to establish the chemical structure of a fuel-rich CH3C1/C2H4 flame at atmospheric pressure.
1382 Solubilization of Dodecane, Tetrachloroethylene, and 1,2-Dichlorobenzene in Micellar Solutions of Ethoxylated Nonionic Surfactants Kurt D. Pennell, Andrew M. Adinolfi, Linda M. Abriola, and Mamadou S. Diallo
Jiaping Chen, Fany Tendeyong, and Sotira Yiacoumi
The diffusion-controlled model, in association with the surface complexation approach, is employed to describe the effect of pH on copper ion uptake by calcium alginate.
1440 Role of Water in the Photocatalytic Degradation of Trichloroethylene Vapor on TiO2 Films Chung-Hsuang Hung and Benito J. Mariñas
The influence of surfactant and organic properties on micellar solubilization and phase behavior of three representative NAPLs is examined in a series of batch experiments.
Gas-phase TCE degradation on anatase titanium dioxide films immobilized on the surfaces of ring-roughened annular reactors was observed.
• 1390
1446
Chlorpyrifos in the Air and Surface Water of Chesapeake Bay: Predictions of Atmospheric Deposition Fluxes
Hexavalent Chromium Reduction by Bacillus sp. in a Packed-Bed Bioreactor
Laura L. McConnell, Eric Nelson, Clifford P. Rice, Joel E. Baker, W. Edward Johnson, Jennifer A. Harman, and Krystyna Bialek
Air and surface water concentrations of chloropyrifos in Chesapeake Bay are used to predict seasonal trends in atmospheric deposition fluxes.
1399 Uptake and Metabolism of Atrazine by Poplar Trees
Evans M. N. Chirwa and Yi-Tin Wang
Reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) was accomplished by a benchscale, continuous-flow, packed-bed bioreactor without the need to resupply fresh Bacillus sp. cells.
1452 Immobilization of Heavy Metals by Polynuclear Aluminium and Montmorillonite Compounds
Joel G. Burken and Jerald L. Schnoor
Barbara Lothenbach, Gerhard Furrer, and Rainer Schulin
Atrazine is taken up by hybrid poplar trees and metabolized to dealkylated and hydroxylated end products with applications suitable for phytoremediation.
Aluminium-modified montmorillonites may be used for the gentle remediation of agricultural soils polluted by nickel, copper, zinc, or cadmium.
1407 Sorption of Organobentonites to Some Organic Pollutants in Water
1463 Combined 14C and δ13C Monitoring of in Situ Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons
Lizhong Zhu, Yimin Li, and Jianying Zhang
Mark E. Conrad, Paul F. Daley, Marc L. Fischer, Bob B. Buchanan, Terrance Leighton, and Michaele Kashgarian
Organobentonites are applied to sorb organic compounds in Water.
1411 U.S. Mussel Watch Data from 1986 to 1994: Temporal Trend Detection at Large Spatial Scales B. Beliaefff, T h o m a sP.O'Connor, D. K. Daskalakis, and P. J. Smith
14 C measurements are used to distinguish the source of mi crobial metabolic end products where stable carbon isotope (813C) measurements yield ambiguous results.
1470 Organic Cosolvent Effects on Sorption Kinetics of Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals by Organoclays
Nine years of Mussel Watch data are examined for temporal trends over large geographic regions and possible confounding effects of weather and analytical changes.
Valentine A. Nzengung, Peter Nkedi-Kizza, Ron E. Jessup, and Evangelos A. Voudrias
1416
A first-order one-site mass transfer model and the cosolvency model are used to describe batch sorption kinetics data of HOCs on organoclays.
Lack of Correlation between Organic Acid Concentrations and Predominant Electron-Accepting Processes in a Contaminated Aquifer Don A. Vroblesky, Paul M. Bradley, and Francis H. Chapelle
Concentrations of low molecular weight organic acids do not correlate with local redox conditions, as indicated by H2 concentrations.
1419 Selenium Redox Reactions and Transport between Ponded Waters and Sediments Tetsu K. Tokunaga, Gordon E. Brown, Jr., Ingrid J. Pickering, Stephen R. Sutton, and Sasa Bajt
1476 Atrazine Photolysis: Mechanistic Investigations of Direct and Nitrate-Mediated Hydroxy Radical Processes and the Influence of Dissolved Organic Carbon from the Chesapeake Bay Alba Torrents, Brent G. Anderson, Susanna Bilboulian, W. Edward Johnson, and Cathleen J. Hapeman
A mechanistic study concerning atrazine photolysis suggests that the formation of hydroxyatrazine is the result of a direct photolytic process rather than a hydroxyl radical process.
Selenium transport from ponded waters into sediments is studied with synchrotron X-ray methods and mass transfer analyses to show the importance of boundary region reactions. 2 0 6 A • VOL. 31, NO. 5, 1997 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS
1483
1539
Distribution and Characterization of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners in Soil and Sediments from a Superfund Site Contaminated with Aroclor 1268
Mixed-Mode Sorption of Hydroxylated Atrazine Degradation Products to Soil: A Mechanism for Bound Residue
Kurunthachalam Kannan, Keith A. Maruya, and Shinsuke Tanabe
Robert N. Lerch, E. Michael Thurman, and Ellen L. Kruger
Chlorobiphenyl composition/toxic potential of Aroclor 1268 is examined; distribution and transformation of PCBs in soil and sediments from a Aroclor 1268-contaminated Superfund site are discussed.
Sorption of hydroxylated atrazine degradation products to soils occurs by mixed-mode binding resulting from cation exchange and hydrophobic interaction mechanisms.
1489
Biotransformations of Three Dimethyldibenzothiophenes by Pure and Mixed Bacterial Cultures
Bacterial Oxidation of Methyl Bromide in Mono Lake, California
1547
Kevin G. Kropp, Jan T. Andersson, and Phillip M. Fedorak
Tracy L. Connell, Samantha B. Joye, Laurence G. Miller, and Ronald S. Oremland
The oxidation of methyl bromide in the water column of Mono Lake, CA, is carried out by methylotrophic bacteria rather than methanotrophs or nitrifiers.
The susceptibilities of 2,8-, 3,4-, and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophenes to oxidation by aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are influenced by the substitution pattern.
1555 Environmental Occurrence of Polydimethylsiloxane
1496 OH Radical-Initiated Oxidation of 2-Butoxyethanol under Laboratory Conditions Related to the Troposphere: Product Studies and Proposed Mechanism
N. J. Fendinger, D. C. McAvoy, W. S. Eckhoff, and B. B. Price
Results of an extensive monitoring program for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and used to estimate PDMS environmental mass flow from wastewater treatment operations.
Konrad Stemmler, Wolfgang Mengon, David J. Kinnison, and J. Alistair Kerr
1564
The products of the OH radical-initiated oxidation of 2-butoxyethanol in air containing NOx are quantified, and a reaction mechanism is proposed.
Environmental Influences on the Microbial Degradation of Exxon Valdez Oil on the Shorelines of Prince William Sound, Alaska Susan F. Suga, Jon E. Lindstrom, and Joan F. Braddock
1505
Environmental factors are more important than hydrocarbon concentrations in the microbial degradation of Exxon Valdex oil on the shorelines of Prince William Sound.
Application of a Portable Immunosensor To Detect the Explosives TNT and RDX in Groundwater Samples John C. Bart, Linda L. Judd, Karen E. Hoffman, Angela M. Wilkins, and Anne W. Kusterbeck
A prototype biosensor for on-site detection of common explosives in groundwater combines the advantages of selectivity for the analyte with high sensitivity and low cost.
Communications 1573 Surface Passivation of Magnetite by Reaction with Aqueous Cr(VI): XAFS and TEM Results
1512 Unidirectional Freezing of Waste-Activated Sludge: The Presence of Sodium Chloride
Maria L. Peterson, Art F. White, Gordon E. Brown, Jr., and George A. Parks
C. P. Chu, W. H. Feng, Y. H. Tsai, and D. J. Lee
The discrepancy existing in sludge freezing literature about the presence of sodium chloride on the sludge dewaterability is experimentally discussed.
1518
XAFS and TEM analyses show that the magnetite surface passivates at neutral pH by conversion to maghemite, limiting its potential use for aqueous Cr(VT) reduction.
Correspondence
Identification of Metabolites from the Biological Transformation of the Nonionic Surfactant Residue Octylphenoxyacetic Acid and Its Brominated Analog
1577 Comment on "Competitive Sorption between Atrazine and Other Organic Compounds in Soils and Model Sorbents"
Yoshiko Fujita and Martin Reinhard
The biological transformation of octylphenoxyacetic acid and its brominated analog by aerobic groundwater enrichment cultures and the detection of persistent novel metabolites are reported.
1525 Single Particle Characterization of Inorganic Suspension in Lake Baikal, Siberia
M. D. Borisover and E. R. Graber
1578 Response to Comment on "Competitive Sorption between Atrazine and Other Organic Compounds in Soils and Model Sorbents" Baoshan Xing, Joseph J. Pignatello, and Barbara Gigliotti
Wendy Jambers and Rene Van Grieken
The chemical and morphological characteristics of individual suspended particles from Lake Baikal are studied using automated and manual EPXMA.
Additions and Corrections
1534
In Situ BTEX Biotransformation under Enhanced Nitrateand Sulfate-Reducing Conditions
Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Chicago Precipitation: Enhanced Wet Deposition to Near-Shore Lake Michigan John H. Offenberg and Joel E. Baker
Precipitation collected simultaneously in Chicago and over Lake Michigan shows enhanced wet deposition of PCBs to near-shore Lake Michigan.
1580
M. Reinhard, S. Shang, P. K. Kitanidis, E. Orwin, G. D. Hopkins, and C. A. Lebron
• This issue contains supporting information in microform. See ordering instructions at end of paper. VOL 31, NO. 5, 1997/ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE S TECHNOLOGY/NEWS " 2 0 7 A
