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Retraction Cite This: ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX
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Retraction of “Substrate Stiffness Regulates the Development of Left−Right Asymmetry in Cell Orientation” Yuanye Bao, Yaozhun Huang, Miu Ling Lam,* Ting Xu, Ninghao Zhu, Zhaobin Guo, Xin Cui, Raymond H. W. Lam, and Ting-Hsuan Chen* ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 17976−17986. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06789 he authors retract the published paper “ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2016, 8 (28), pp 17976−17986 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06789” because further experiments have invalidated the major conclusion reported. Specifically, the main conclusion of the paper is the dependence of cell chiral orientation on substrate stiffness. However, after further investigation, we found that there was a statistical flaw in the analysis of cell orientation, which mistakenly counted cells with orientation angle at −90 to +90, resulting in an increased false positive bias of cell orientation. After correction, we found that there is no apparent chirality in cell orientation on either rigid or soft substrate in our experimental settings. The unbiased cell orientation is likely due to the insufficient cell density or incubation time, which is known to be important to exhibit the left−right asymmetry in cell migration as well as the chiral orientation. Moreover, this statistic error is also partially due to the use of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, which do not have very distinct and strong chiral orientation. The original article was published on June 30, 2016 and was retracted on July 20, 2018.
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DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10621 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces XXXX, XXX, XXX−XXX
