VOL. 8. NO. 8
A FRESHMAN EXPERIMENT?
1573
learned the old ideas takes to the new ideas much more readily than to the old ideas, even in aqueous solution. I believe that teachers of chemistry should begin to teach their freshmen from this point of view. After all, chemistry today is not confined to aqueous solution. Literature Cited (I) (?)
(3) (4)
(5) (6)
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For references, see HALL. J. CHEM. EDUC., 7, 782 (1930). For references, see LIVINGSTON, ibid.. 7, 2887 (1930). KILPATRICK A N D RUSHTON, J. P k y s . Chern., 39, 2180 (1930). Bsxrsn A ND ZABLOCKI. Roceniki C h m . , 10, 314 (1930). TARLB, Dissertation, Leipzig, 1912. ND D BR~NSTED AND PEDER~EN, Z. physik. Chent., 108, 185 (1924); B R ~ N ~ TAE Duus, Z. physik. Ckcm., 117, 299 (1925); BR~NSTED A N D GUGGENHEIM, I.Am. Chem. Soc., 49, 2554 (1927); B R ~ N ~ TAE N DDWYNNE-JONES, Trans. Paraday Soc., 25, 59 (1929). KING, unpublished results, New York University. KILPATRICK A N D D UNNING , unpublished results.
Many Occupations Open to Those of Low Mentality. The boy who is endowed with less mental capacity than the average of his fellows need not be barred by this handicap from successfully earning his Living. Albert Sidney Beckham, of the Institute of Juvenile Research, Chicago, has brought together the findings of several investigations of the minimum intelligence levels for many occupations, and has listed those which people of various mental ages can enter with a good chance of making good. Even the youth who has a mental age only equal to that of an average five-year-old child can do simple domestic work such as washing dishes, handle cinders, feed and fold from mangle in laundries, sandpaper furniture, and scrub and polish floors. Boys of a mental age of six can mow Lawns. mix cement, handle freight, assist brick mason, and make brushes; girls of this age can crochet, weave rag rugs, and do simple laundry work. The list of acceptable occupations grows longer with each added year of mental age. Simple carpentry can be undertaken by those seven years old mentally; painting outside and interior flat work a t the mental age of eight; playing an alto horn or drums. repairing furniture, and the higher processes of shoe repairing a t nine; and setting and sorting type, sign painting, farm work and dairying, and carrying mail a t ten. Boys with a mental age of eleven or twelve can be competent janitors, caretakers, or stock keepers, or they can keep a small store. Girls of the same mental age can sew the wire edges and facing in hats, do simple library work, do Italian cut work in embroidery, or power sealing in canning plants. At this mental age, too, i t is possible to learn to play the first violin, cello. flute, and clarinet.-Science Service Rock Palls Prevented by Cooling Mine Air. The falling of coal from the roofs of coal mines can be prevented by cooling the intake air, J. H. Fletcher and S. M. Cassidy, Chicago engineers, reported recently to the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers. The continuous falling of roof coal in an Indiana mine during summer months, which endangered safety, hampered haulage, choked airways, and broke trolley wires was shown t o be due t o the high temperature and not to the high moisture content of the air. A cooling plant installed there caused greater safety improvement in comfort and efficiency, and considerable reduction in operating costs.-
Scimcc Service
