SCANDINAVIAN CHEMICAL LITERATURE JULIAN F. SMITH Lenoir Rhyne College, Hickory, North Carolina
SCANDINAVIA for the present discussion includes only Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland. The character of chemical literature appearing in these countries has many points in common, but in detail there are many differences. Each nation has trends and characteristics of its own. I n text and reference works, the Scandinavians leave such large compendiums as Beilstein, Gmelin, Abderhalden, and Landolt-Bornstein to the Germans, whose language is not much of an obstacle for Scandinavian technical men. There are, however, many smaller reference works including technical handbooks and encyclopedias produced in Scandinavia for Scandinavians. There are also many textbooks and monographs. Technical bookstores sell the native books along with foreign technical booksmostly in English or German. I n general, periodicals and serials in theoretical chemistry reflect the academic leadership which guides the selection of research topics. The Swedish university which is best known to American chemists is Uppsala, where Professor Th6 Svedberg's laboratory has attracted many American investigators for research or for visits. The faculty publishes many papers in and out of Sweden; the University's science bulletins carry a record of them (85).' The University of Lund has d i e r e n t academic interests, with a leaning toward physiography, geology, and mineralogy as represented by special publications on these subjects. Papers on chemical topics from research done a t Lnnd appear in a variety of Swedish journals. Gothenburg's engineering school, the Chalmers University of Technology, is outstanding in textiles and shipbuilding and has modern research establishments for both. These laboratories have their own publications-many appear as s e p a r a t e e b u t the Chalmers faculty also contributes to Swedish and foreign periodicals. The Royal Agricultural College, near Uppsala, has its Annals (do), with much material on soils, fertilizers, pest control, chemistry of plants and animals, etc. The Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm is an engineering school which carries on much research with industry through cooperation with the Swedish trade associations. There are several research institutes jointly supported by the Royal Institute of Technology and the trade associations; the chief interests are wood research, paper pulp, cellulose chemistry, and concrete. The Royal Institute's Transactions cannot do all the publishing. Therefore, each institute 'References are to the appended periodical list.
issues bulletins of its own, while their staffs also contribute t o Swedish and foreign periodicals. The school is also noted for electrical engineering, a favorite subject in a land of cheap water power but no coal or petroleum. The research on wood and cellulose is a direct outcome of Sweden's abundant forests, protected by planned forestry programs dating back many years. Theoretical research is also fostered by the learned societies. The Royal Swedish A.cademies of Science, of Agriculture, and of Engineering Sciences all have their own publications, attracting contributions not only from university faculties but also from Swedish scientists and engineers outside the universities. Swedish periodicals, other than university and academy publications, include general chemistry-Svensk Kemisk Tidskrijt is prominent in this field-and numerous specialty publications. Some are independent or association-supported trade papers, e. g., in metallurgy (SO), concrete (14), highways (69), and paper (68). Medical and dental schools and societies publish some journals having chemical interest (e. g., Nordisk Medicin). Government departments such as the Statens Provningsanstalt (Bureau of Standards) and the Royal Agricultural Experiment Station publish bulletins of their own. These are usually in Swedish, whereas many Swedish periodicals publish papers in English, German, or French when both author and editor are willing. House-organs and trade-promotion literature, also usually in Swedish, are frequently of chemical interest, especially those from the chemical-process industries and from makers of apparatus and instruments. The pattern prevailing in Sweden has been presented first here, partly because Sweden is the largest and most populous of the Scandinavian nations, and partly because most of the firsthand information used here was obtained in Sweden. This placing of emphasis has no relation to ratings of merit or relative importance, but the other nations are dismissed more briefly because the general situation has many aspects in common throughout Scandinavia. In Norway the leading engineering school is the Norwegian Institute of Technology. It does not follow such a formal setup of cooperative industrial r e search as in Sweden, but i t encourages research in wood, cellulose, fisheries, and minerals. The Institute has its own publications and its staff contributes to Norwegian and foreign periodicals. There is also a forestry experiment station which publishes its own bulletin (47), and Norway has professional-society or tradeassociation publications for canning, pharmaceuticals, furs, photography, agriculture, etc. The Norwegian
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Academy of Sciences publishes Transactions and Journu1 and separate serials for geophysics and marine biology (13, 88, 76). Denmark, the flat land of Scandinavia, depends relatively more on agriculture. This is reflected in Danish scientific literature. The Royal Academy of Agriculture publishes its reports in separate series for economics, technical papers, scientific papers, and horticulture. The world-renowned Carlsberg Laboratory, supported by the brewing industry, publishes one of the foremost periodicals (15) on the fermentation industries and their underlying science. The Danish Agricultufa1 Experiment Station also publishes its own bulletins. However, agriculture is far from being the sole interest. The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences, in addition to its general publications, issues separate series in biology and the mathematical-physical sciences (38-35). The Danish Academy of Technical Sciences publishes much material on engineering (80). Geelogical research is published in four Series of monographs (16) and occasional short bulletins, in addition to the Transaelions of the Danish Geological Society (49). Denmark also takes care of scientific publication for Greenland in Meddelelser om Gr#nland. Sweden, Norway, and Denmark have their official patent-office publications (25,73, 17), and printed copies of their patentsare filed in the U. S. patent office in numerical and classified arrangements. Iceland is not a prolific publisher of scientific literature, but the University in Reykjavik has an Institute for Applied Natural Sciences, which publishes Aeta Naturalia Islandiea. Several Scandinavian medical journals pooled their efforts some years ago in Nordisk Medicin, which absorbed journals from Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and ~ i ~ l ~ is ~ published d , in stockholm but does not limit its papers to the Swedish language. Scandinavian scientific -literature has two other international aspects which are worth bearing in mind. One is the widespread practice of publishing in English, Or presumably for the sake of a wider audience, though the reason may sometimes he simply t o accommodate an author. The other is the encouragement of international journals which publish papers in various languages, usually that of the author if he is not a Scandinavian. These journals commonly have Latin titles (1-18). One of the most important of these for American chemists is Aeta Polyteehniea, published by the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences. Since it has too much material for one journal, it is issued in sections: Chemistry and Metallurgy; Civil Engineering and Building Construction; Electrical Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Physics and Applied Mathematics. The appended title list is arranged alphabetically; the city of publication indicates the national origin and should be noted when the source is not apparent from the title, It is not ti complete,^ list, merely representative. Until all hands agree on what constitutes "chemical interest" nobody will compile a com-
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
plete list, and when somebody does the list is likely to he incomplete the next morning. Members of the Chemical Literature Division who consider themselves to be documentalists please note one Swedish periodical which can be claimed to fall outside of "chemical interest" and does not appear in the list, namely Teknisk Dokumentation (Stockholm). LIST OF PERIODICALS AND SERIALS ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ n s d i i ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ d ~ (1) (2) A d a Allergologica. Copenhagen. (3) A d a Chemica Scandinavica. Copenhagen. (4) Endocrinolo~ica. Copenhagen. ( 5 ) Acta Medica Seandinavica. Stockholm. (6) Aeta NaturaliaIslandica, Reykjavik. (7) Ada Pharmaeologica et ~ ~ z i ~ copenhagen. ~ l ~ ~ i ~ ~ . (8) Aeta Physiologica Seandinavica. Stockholm. (9) A d a Polytechnics. Stockholm.
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(I0) Radio'ogica. (11) Acta Societatis Medicorum Upsaliensis. Uppsala. (12) ~ ~~ ~ b n copenhagen. d ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~ (13) Avhandlinge? utgitt av det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo. (I4) Betong. (15) Comptes rendus des travauz du labo~atoimCarlsbwg. Copenhagen. (16) Danmarks Geologiske Undem4geke. Charlottenlund. (17) Dansk Patenttidende. Copenhagen. (18) Dan& Tidsskriftfor Famaci. Copenhwn. (19) Fiskedirektoratets Skrifter. Copenhagen. (20) Fysisk Tidsskrift. Copenhagen (physics). (21) Geodaetisk Instituta Skrijtw. Copenhagen. (22) Geofysiske Publikmjaer. OSIO. (23) Geolosislca F6reningen.s i Stockholm Finhandlinqar. P 4 ) Hvalrddets Skrifter. Oslo (whaling). (25) Industritidningen. Norden med S v m k Tidskrift j6r Industriellt Rdttsskydd. Stockholm (Swedish patent journal). (26) I n g a i a ~ s Vetetaskaps ~ k a d a i c ~~ . t ~ ~ k b ~ ~ ~ . (27) Ingeni@ren. Copenhagen (engineering). (28) Ingenilr- og B ~ g n i n ~ s v a e s a Copenhagen . (construction). (29) I n ~ e n i h d e ~ k a b e l i gSkrifter. e Copenhagen. (30) Jernkontorets Annaler. Stockholm (ferrous metallurgy). (31) Kemisk. Capenhagen. (32) Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Biobgiske M P ~ delelser. Copenhagen. (33) Kongeli~e Dansh Videnskabma Selskab, Biologiske Skrifter. Copenhagen. (34) Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Matmatiskfysiske Meddelelser. Copenhagen. (35) Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Oversigt over Selskabets Virksomhed. Copenhagen (Royal Danish Academy of Science, general). (36) Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Sekkabs Fo~handlinger. Trondheim (Royal Norwegian Academy of Science). (37) Kungliga Fysiografika Siilkkapets i Lund, F6rhandlingar. (38) Kunsliga Lantbruksakademiens Tidskrift. Stockholm (ag& culture). (39) Kungliga Lantbrukshogskolan och Statens Lantbruksjinsak. Uppsala. ( 4 0 ) Kungliga Lantbruks-Hagskolans Annaler. Uppsala ((agriculture). (41) Kungliga Svenska V e t e n ~ k a p s a k a d m i a s H a n d l i ~ Stockr. holm (Royal Swedish Academy of Science). (42) Meddelande jrdn Kungl Lantbruksakadmiens. Uppsale (agriculture). (43) Meddelande jrdn Statas Mejerif6rsak. Malmn (dairy research). (44) Meddelanden j ~ a nGaeborgs Botaniska Trridgdrd. Gothenburg. (45) ~ ~ , d jrdn ~ ~~ ~~ Gn ~ d d~ ~ ~s ~IWtitu- ~ tion.
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VOLUME 33, NO. 3, MARCH, 1956 (46) Meddelanden frdn Svenska Teztilfmhingsinstilutet. Goth-
enburg. (47) Meddelelse fro Vestlandets Forsllige Forsdksstation. Bergen (forestry experiment station). (48) Meddelelser fra Carlaberg Laboratorium. Copenhagen. (49) Meddelelw fra Dansk Geologisk Forming. Copenhagen. (50) Meddelelser fra No& Farmaceutwk Selskap. Oslo. (51) Meddelelser om Gr4nland. Copenhagen (Greenland journal). (52) Melding* f ~ aNorges Landbruksh/gskole. Vollebekk (agriculture). (53) P ~ i zNobel. Stockholm. (54) Skriftw utgitl av det Norske Videmkaps-Akademi i Oslo. (55) Statens Institul fcir Folkhdlsan, Meddelande. Stockholm (public health). (56) Statens Pmvningsanstalt, Stockholm, Cirhl&. (Swedish Bureau of Stmdsrds). (57) Slatens Viiztskyddsanstalt, I.'lygblad. Stockholm (crop protection). (58) Svenska ~rxskningsinstituletf& Cement och Belong uid Kungl. Tekniska Hcigskolan i Stockholm, Handlingar. Stockholm (concrete). Stockholm (gss (59) Svenska Gasuerksforeningens Arsbok. works). (60) Suenska Inikartidningen. Stockholm (medical). (61) Suenska Mejeritidningen. Malmo (dairying). (62) Svenska Vbgf&eningens Tidskrift. Stockholm (highways). (63) Suenska Vall- oeh Mosskultwf6reningens Meddelanden. Norrtiilje (grasses and mosses). (64) Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift. Stockholm.
Svensk Fannaceutiak Tidskrifl. Stockholm. Svensk Fotogrofisk Tidskrijt. Stockholm. Svensk Kemisk Tidskrift. Adolfsberg. Suenak Papperslidning. Stockholm. Svensk Tidsk~iftf& lndustriellt Rattsskydd. Stockholm (patents). (70) Svensk Tw3mru-Tidning. Stockholm (wood). (71) Sveriges Geologinka Undersokning. Arshok. Stockholm (721 Teknisk Tidskrift. Stockholm. (73j Teknisk ~kebldd. Oslo. (74) Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegefowning. Oslo (medical). (75) Tidsskrifl j o ~det Norske Landbruk. Oslo (agriculture). (76) Tidsskeft Joy Hemetikindwtri. Stavanger (canning). (77) Tidsskrift for ICjai, Bergvesen og Metallurgi. Oslo (chemistry, mining, metallurgy). (78) Tidssk~iflfor Planteaul. Copenhagen (horticulture). (79) Tidsskrift for Teztilteknik. Copenhagen. (80) . . Transactions of the Danish Academv" o.f ' Technical Sciences A.T.S. G&nhagen. (81) Ugeskrift for Loeger. Copenhagen (medical). (82) Ugeskrift for Landmaend. Copenhagen (agriculture). (83) Unioersitetet i Bergen Arbok, Naturuitenskapelig Rekke. Bergen (University of Bergeu Yearbook, Science Series). (84) Universileteti Bergen Gkvifler. (85) Uppsala Uniuersitets Amskrift. (86) V&todling. Uppsala (horticulture). (87) Viiztskyddmtiset, Viiztskyddsanstalt, Stockholm. (Crop proteotiou). (88) Vdl. fcida. Stockholm (fooda). (65) (66) (67) (68) (69)
