Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on May 23, 2018 | https://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: July 7, 1998 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1998-0694.pr001
Preface
O canning probe microscopy (SPM) is a new experimental technique for the qualitative and quantitative characterization of surface microstructure and prop erties with atomic resolution. Invented in 1982 (as scanning tunneling micros copy) and 1986 (as atomic force microscopy (AFM)), this technique now is used in virtually all branches of natural science. New modes (friction, force modula tion, electrostatic, thermal, and others) were added making a family of SPMs with wide versatility. The history of S P M investigation of polymeric materials began in 1988-1990 with the revolutionary works by Hansma et al., Reneker et al., and Cantow et al. Since then, exciting results have been obtained in virtually all fields of polymer science. Several representative applications are folding in polymer single crystals, local mechanical properties of polymer films, nanodomain morphology of multicomponent polymers, viscoelastic behavior, nanoprobing of chemical composition, and intermolecular interactions of biopoly mers. Taking into account the wildfire spread of S P M applications in polymer science within the past several years, we felt that it was the right time to summa rize results and discuss trends. The goal of the symposium organized in Or lando, Florida, August 25-30, 1996 was to stimulate discussion of S P M applica tions among a wide community of polymer scientists. A total of 65 contributions were presented by participants from 12 countries (United States, Germany, Holland, Japan, France, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Canada, Belgium, Ukraine, and Italy). We believe that the 21 chapters selected for this volume represent the spirit of this forum. A variety of S P M studies of different polymer surfaces ranging from perfectly ordered single crystals to polymer composites with heterogeneous microstructure are collected in this volume. A n introductory chapter (Overney and Tsukruk) serves as a comprehensive guide for the reader and introduces basic principles, explains specific terminol ogy, discusses current trends and limitations, and provides an extensive bibliog raphy in the field of S P M studies of polymeric materials. The first three sections of this volume titled Polymer Morphology and Structure are devoted surface morphology and microstructure of various poly mer surfaces as studied by different S P M modes. The first section includes a review on morphological studies of a classical representative of polymer single crystals, polyethylene written by Reneker and Chu. Polypropylene crystallizaxi Ratner and Tsukruk; Scanning Probe Microscopy of Polymers ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998.
Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on May 23, 2018 | https://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: July 7, 1998 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1998-0694.pr001
tion is discussed in the Stocker et al. chapter. Two chapters written by Vansco et al. and Goh et al., respectively, consider microstructure of polymer and biopolymer fibers. The second section deals with polymer composites and compli ant materials such as natural rubbers (Hild et al.), carbon filled polymer blends (LeClere et al.), thermoplastics (Everson), anisotropic polymer films (Biscarini), and biomolecules (Domke et al.) and degradable polymers (Bourban et al.). S P M studies on organic molecular films are presented in the third section which includes polymerizable Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers (Takahara et al. and Peltonen et al.) and L B films studied at the air-water interface (Eng). The fourth section, Probing of Local Surface Properties of Polymers, discusses the nanoprobing of polymer surface properties. Bliznyuk et al. discuss current ap proaches to quantitative characterization of surface properties. Aime et al. and Hammerschmidt et al. present their results on mechanical probing of the deformational and viscoelastic behavior of polymer networks and films. The final section, S P M Technique: Current Trends, includes several chapters which dis cuss current trends and modern developments in S P M applications. Resolution limits of the S P M technique are considered in the Luthi et al. chapter with dem onstration true-atomic resolution of crystal lattices. Vezenov et al. review C F M applications to various chemically modified surfaces and Tsukruk et al. discuss surface interactions between various chemical groups in different environments (pH and ionic strength). Boland et al. demonstrate examples of nanolithographic fabrication with S P M tips, coupled with recognition-specific micros copy. Finally, we acknowledge numerous sponsors who made this symposium happen: the Division of Polymer Chemistry/ACS, The Petroleum Research Fund, Ford Motor Company, Digital Instruments, Inc., Burleigh Instruments, Science Application International Corporation, and Park Scientific Instruments. We hope that this volume, representing the first such collection in polymer science, will be a valuable guide for the expanding community of polymer S P M users.
BUDDY D. RATNER
Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Bioengineering University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195 VLADIMIR V . TSUKRUK
Department of Materials Science Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, MI 49008
xii Ratner and Tsukruk; Scanning Probe Microscopy of Polymers ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998.
