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THE JOURNAL OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Vol. 14, No. 7
SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES Pittsburgh Meeting
‘
The Pittsburgh Section is working with commendable enthusiasm toward making the September Meeting of the SOCIETY an unprecedented success. These Pittsburgh men see the full possibilities of showing chemistry intensively applied t o industry, and in a manner t h a t will grasp and hold the interest of educators, of research men, and of engineering chemists. Accordingly, much stress is laid upon the industrial excursions t h a t will be the principal part of the program for the last two days of the meeting. Dr. Earl Blough, of the Aluminum Company of America, New Kensington, Pa., is in charge of the excursions program, which is now about complete. On Friday, September 8, an all-day excursion t o Donora and Clairton has been arranged. At Donora zinc roasting and sulfuric acid plants and wire mill will be inspected. At Clairton, the steel rolling mill and by-product coke oven plant will be visited. A special train will take visitors t o the plants and return t o Pittsburgh will be made by boat, which will afford a splendid view of the industrial district. The Council of the SOCIETY will meet on Monday a t 2:30 P.M. in the “Blue Room” of the William Penn Hotel. This hotel is t o be headquarters for the meeting. Mr. R. B. Mellon of Pittsburgh has been made honorary chairman of the meeting. One of the most interesting features of the General Meeting on Tuesday will be the address by Thomas Midgley, Jr., and T. A. Boyd of the General Motors Research Laboratories, Dayton, Ohio, on “The Chemical Control of Gaseous Detonation with Particular Reference to the Internal Combustion Engine.” This address will be illustrated by experiments with an internal combustion engine on the stage and by lantern slides. The meeting will be held in Carnegie Music Hall, and for the first time a mechanical device will perform in the place of a concert singer or musician, inasmuch as use of this fine hall has never before been permitted for anything b u t musical events. A large number of social and entertainment features are in preparation by Chairman J. 0. Handy of the Pittsburgh Section and the Entertainment and Publicity Committees. On Wednesday and Thursday, Divisional Meetings will be held and a number of important symposiums will be conducted. The Division of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry will include in its program on Wednesday morning a symposium on “‘Automatic Process Control,” under the chairmanship of L. W. Parsons. The Water, Sewage and Sanitation Division will discuss “Specifications for Lime Water Treatment” as a feature of its meeting. The Biological and the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Divisions will hold a joint symposium on the subject “Fatty Foods,” with Dr. David Wesson as chairman. Papers dealing with the preparation, purification, digestibility, adulteration, etc., of various fatty foods are solicited for this symposium. Vitamin papers will be included. The Rubber Division is planning the largest meeting in its history. A Symposium on Gelatin and Collagen will be a feature of the meeting of the Leather Division. The Dye Division is arranging a symposium on “The Chemistry of the Application of Dyes.” The Division of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry will hold a symposium on “Recent Advances in Applied Colloid Chemistry,’.’
in cooperation with the Colloid Committee of the National Research Council. The Petroleum Section hopes t o perfect its divisional organization a t this meeting and will hold a short symposium on “Lubrication from the Chemist’s Viewpoint.” The Section of Chemical Education is desirous of being a n open forum for settling national questions in chemical education, including high school, college, university, and industry problems. The Cellulose Section plans a number of discussions on special topics, such a s “Cooperative Research Problems in Cellulose Chemistry,” and “The Nature of Oxycellulose and I t s Bearing on the Artificial Silk, Viscose, and Paper Industries.” The preliminary program will be mailed t o members of the SOCIETY from the Secketary’s office on July 20.
INDUSTRIAL DIVISION At the present time there is no up-to-date list of members of the Industrial Division. In order that the files may be corrected it is suggested that those who would like t o be upon the Division’s roll should send their names and addresses t o the Secretary. Members who are preparing papers for presentation before the Division a t the Pittsburgh Meeting (September 4 t o 9) were asked last month t o send their abstracts a t the earliest possible date. Some have already done this, and if this continues it will be possible to send t o each member of the Division a mimeographed copy of all abstracts of papers t o be given a t Pittsburgh. Better discussion of papers will result by this plan. Professor Parsons of Massachusetts Institute of Technology is chairman of the Automatic Process Control Symposium which will be held Thursday morning, September 7. The fundamentals underlying the different practical control methods will be presented by a series of illustrated papers. Send in name and address t o the Secretary, Erle M . Billings, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y . ,to-day. Also send your abstract. Don’t delay! ORGANIZATION OF GASA N D FUEL SECTION The new Gas and Fuel Section of the SOCIETY, authorized a t the Birmingham Meeting, will hold its first session a t the Fall Meeting in Pittsburgh, Pa. Dr. A. C. Fieldner, Superintendent and Supervising Fuels Chemist of the Pittsburgh Experiment Station of the U. S. Bureau of Mines, has been appointed chairman, and Mr. R. S. McBride, of Washington, D. C., has been appointed secretary of the Section. The officers of the new Section are sparing no efforts toward preparing a program of papers that will be of special interest to gas and fuel chemists, and engineers. A large attendance is expected, as Pittsburgh is the center of this industry. The first meeting of the new Section will include a Symposium on Combustion, under the chairmanship of Prof. R . T. Haslam, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. SECTION OF CELLULOSE CHEMISTRY Those who plan to present papers before the Cellulose Section a t the Pittsburgh Meeting are urged t o send titles, and particularly abstracts, t o the Secretary, G. J. Esselen, Jr., 248 Boylston St., Boston, a s soon as possible.
July, 1922
T H E JOURNAL OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING CHEXISTRY
The New Haven Meeting-Spring
RAILROAD RATES Reduced rates t o the meeting are a certainty. In view of expected large attendance the railroads have agreed to sell round trip tickets at one and one-half fare on the identification certificate plan, applicable t o all parts of the United States east of Arizona, Nevada, Washington, and Oregon. Tickets may be purchased September 2 to 8 on presentation of an identification certificate and will be good returning until midnight September 15. From Colorado (except Julesbnrg), Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming, Oklahorna, and Texas the limits are September 1 and 16. Round trip tickets have been granted on the same plan from all territory in the Canadian Passenger Association Eastern Lines. Tickets must be validated a t Pittsburgh between September 6 and 15 by agents a t the regular ticket offices of the lines over which tickets redd into Pittsburgh. When validated they will be good lor return leaving on any day within the final limit. Passengers must reach original starting point within the transit time shown on the ticket, and in no case later than midriight of September 15, or, as stated above, September 16. A few minor railroads do not come within these associations. If one has difficulty in purchasing a ticket locally he should pay local fare to the nearest central point and purchase a round trip ticket there. I n order to obtain this reduced fare members must secure from a n identification certificate to be the Secretary of the SOCIETY presented at the ticket office when purchasing the ticket. After August 16, a limited number of these certificates will be placed with the secretaries of Local Sections to meet belated inquiries. No reduction can be obtained unless an identification certificate is obtained in advance, and no certificates obtained a t local stations under the usual certificate plan are good. Certificates and dependent may be obtained for members of the SOCIETY members of their families. One certificate will serve for both traveling together. From Pacific Coast states, round trip summer season tickets are purchasable to Pittsburgh and eastern points at approximately one and one-fourth one way fare to August 31, and good returning until October 31, 1922. These fares require no identification certificate, and stopovers are allowed.
Calendar of Meetings American Pharmaceutical Association-70th Cleveland, Ohio, August 14 to 20, 1922. American Chemical Society-64th September 4 t o 9, 1922.
Annual Meeting,
Meeting, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
Eighth National Exposition of Chemical Industries-New K . Y., September 11 t o 16, 1922. American Electrochemical Society-42nd Canada, September 21 t o 23, 1922.
York,
Meeting, Montreal,
Technical Photographic and Microscopic Society At the meeting of the Technical Photographic and Microscopic Society, held in New York on June 14, an address was made by the President, Mr. John H. Graff, on the increasing importance of photography in commercial and technical fields and on the need of a society t o represent the common interests of all engaged in the work. Several members spoke briefly on the usefulness of photomicrography in industrial research. At this meeting a constitution and by-laws were adopted. A t the next meeting, to be held in September, officers will be elected for the coming year.
653
1933
The following executive committee has been selected by the New Haven Section to arrange for the meeting of the SOCIETY in New Haven in April 1923: Treat B. Johnson, Yale University, Chairman; Blair Saxton, Yale University, Secretary; Champion H. Matthewson, Yale University; Arthur J. Hill, Yale University; Ralph Langley, Acme Wire Co., New Haven, Conn.; J. E. Graveley, Winchester Repeating Arms Co., h’ew Haven, Conn. The Connecticut Valley Section has accepted the invitation at of the New Haven Section to act as joint hosts to the SOCIETY the meeting and several members of this Section will be added t o the executive committee. Subcommittees will not be appointed until after the opening of Yale University, early next fall. The new Sterling Chemical Laboratory will be formally dedicated by the University during the meeting.
Local Section Officers At a meeting of the Syracuse Section of the SOCIETY on M a y 12, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President: A. C. HOUGHTON, Semet-Solvay Co. V i c e President: R . A . BAKER,Syracuse University. Secretary: W. B. HICKS,127 Stinard Ave. Treasurer: L. C. J O R D Y , 505 Van Buren St. Local Councilor: C. W. EASLEY, Syracuse University. N a t i o n a l Councilors: R . S . FLEMING, I,. E. WISE.
The new officers of the Indiana Section are: President: H. E. JORDAN, Superintendent of Filtration, Indianapolis Water Co. V i s e President: CARLE. STONE, Van Camp Packing Co. Secretary-Treasurer: WILLIAM HIGBURG, Republic Creosoting Co. Executiwe Committee: EDGARB. CARTER, Swan-Myers Co.; H . E. CORY,Western Oil Refining Co.; WALTERJAMIESON, Eli Lilly & Co.
The recently elected officers of the Virginia Section are: C h a i r m a n : GRAHAMEDGAR, University, Va. V i c e C h a i r m a n : ROBERT F. MCCRACXAN, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, Va. Secretary: W. G. CROCKETT, NIedical College of Virginia, Richmond, Va Councilors: GARNETT RYLAXD, W. F. RUDD.
.
Morgantown members of the SOCIETY met in the chemistry building of West Virginia University on Friday evening, May 12, to elect permanent officers of the recently formed Northwestern Virginia Section of the SOCIETY.The section consists of thirty-four members. The following officers were elected : President: F. E. CLARK, V i c e President: W. >V. HODGE. Secretauy-Treasurer: E. P. DEATRICK. Councilor: H. G. KNIGHT.
Correspondents in Local Sections The following men have been appointed by the Sections as staff correspondents of the JOURNAL,and will serve to keep the editorial office in touch with the interests and activities of the Sections which they represent: A m e s : V. E. SELSON Aiovlhern I n d i a n a : WILLIAM J. GROSS Columbus: C. W. FOULK Northeastern: R. E. WILSON Connecticut V a l l e y : GEORGEF. TAYLOR Philadelphia: E. F. HICKS Cornell: F. H. RHODES Pittsburgh: E. J. CASSELMAN Detroit: H C. HAMILTON P u r d u e : F. 0 . ANDERECC E a s t e r n New York: E. H. D A R B Y Southeastern T e x a s : H. B. WEISER I n d i a n a : FRANK B. WADE S o u t h e r n C a l i f o r n i a : H. L. PAYNE Lexington: J. A. GUNTON Syracuse: W. M. BOOTH L o u i s i a n a : C. S. WILLIAMSON, JR. U n i v e r s i t y of’ M i c h i g a n : CLAIRUPM i c h i g a n Agricultural College: H . D. THEGROVE LIGHTBODY V i r g i n i a : W. F. RUDD W e s t e r n N e w Y o r k : E. K . STRACHAN N e w Hawen: W. T. READ
Dr. R. P. Fischelis has been appointed the representative of the Kew Jersey Chemical Society in a similar capacity.
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THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
A Unique Meeting A unique meeting, especially designed to care for the interests of the young men and women who are to graduate in chemistry a t the end of the present semester, was held by the Indiana Section of the SOCIETY recently The idea was conceived by Mr. H. E. Jordan, Superintendent of Filtration of the Indianapolis Water Co., who managed the meeting. All the professors of all the colleges in the state were invited to come with as many of their senior students as possible to the special meeting. About 250 took advantage of the opportunity. The new Purdue Section of the SOCIETY codperated with the Ini-tiana Section in making the meeting a success. A splendid industrial chemical exhibition was arranged, showing, among other things, the series of products produced by a by-product coke oven plant and a selected series of dyestuffs and intermediates from one of the coal-tar products such as naphthalene. Medicinals from coal-tar products were also exhibited, and a series of corn products and cellulose products made another interesting group. Petroleum products illustrating the processes involved in the making of a straight-run gasoline were also shown. The students and professors were taken on several trips t o industrial chemical plants. A luncheon was followed by a spirited talk by Mr. Otto Eisenshim1 of Chicago, on “Come Out of the Kitchen.” Mr. Eisenshiml’s thesis was to the effect that chemists did not capitalize their knowledge as much as they should. He advocated going into chemical industry and competing with those who now utilize the knowledge of the chemist and pay him a niggardly fee. The students were told by Mr. Eisenshiml that jobs in laboratories were going to be scarce this year because of the business depression but that opportunities to make money by using their knowledge of chemistry were always abundant if they would but seek them. Many cases of money making chemical enterprises were cited by Mr. Eisenshiml. Dr. Edgar F. Smith, our honored president, was present a t the meeting and addressed a group of faculty men in the afternoon and made a brief speech a t the lqncheon. Governor McCray of Indiana honored the Eection with his presence a t the luncheon and spoke t o the members and guests. The banquet in the evening was largely attended. Dr. Smith was the principal speaker, giving his address on “The Spirit of American Chemistry.” Dr. Clowes, research man of Eli Lilly and Co., gave the young students an eloquent and inspiring address in the afternoon, on the choice of research as a career. His suggestions, while not disregarding a decent and suitable livelihood, led more to a life of service and of mental compensations than did the more utilitarian teachings of Mr. Eisenshiml. The young people were thus given both sides of the question upon which to ponder. The chemical exhibit was kept for a week a t the Chamber of Commerce, and for two weeks longer it was a t the central public library. Possibly other Sections may wish to do something along this line for the students and professors of their regions. From our experience in Indiana we can heartily recommend it as both pleasant and profitable. FRANK B. WADE
Report on Standardization of Sizes and Shapes of Apparatus-I11~z~8 By W. D. Collins CHAIRMAN, COMMITTEE ON GUARANTEED REAGENTS AND STANDARD APPARATUS
T
H E recommendations given below cover the second year’s work of the Committee on Guaranteed Reagents and Standard Apparatus on elimination of apparatus. Information in regard t o the quantities of the different items t h a t are purchased by laboratories throughout the country has been furnished by the Committee on Standardization of the Association of Scientific Apparatus Makers of the United States of America. The recommendations are made on the basis of providing a list of apparatus to be kept in stock by dealers who expect t o furnish prompt service for the regular needs of chemical laboratories. Many items needed by nearly all laboratories are required in such small quantities t h a t the total demand in the United States could easily be handled by one firm. Such items are omitted from the regular stock list with the expeetation that some dealers will have them. Certain pieces, particularly those requiring special workmanship, will be carried in stock by manufacturers and dealers who agree that the items should be omitted from a general stock list. This report carries recommendations on all the articles considered by the Committee. It is not possible that errors of judgment have.been avoided entirely. The report is the best guess of the Committee in the light of the combined experience of the members and such information a s has been gathered from various sources. The Committee will welcome criticism of the report and suggestions for useful changes. I t must be remembered, however, that a considerable proportion of the items discontinued have been put in catalogs because some individual has assumed that his desire for a particular article represented a universal need. Other chemists have not appreciated the special form of apparatus and another dead item has been added t o those which one dealer lists because he sees it in the catalog of another and thinks there is a demand for it. For consideration of the Committee the apparatus was identified by catalog numbers. These could not well be printed so there may be a little uncertainty as to just what some of the items are. The Committee would not have known a number of them without the catalog illustrations. All catalogs take up most topics in the same order so t h a t with a catalog a t hand almost any piece of apparatus can be identified from the description. Information in’regard to any specific piece can be obtained from many dealers or from the chairman of either of the committees cooperating in the preparation of the report. This report is in general confined strictly t o questions of sizes and shapes. Therefore it does not contain many recommendations in regard to the kind of glass of which apparatus shall be made. It carries very few recommendations for or against sets of several pieces of such apparatus as burners or extraction apparatus.
In the list that follows, D = Discontinue, R = Retain.
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SHORTRIDGE HIGHSCHOOL INDIANAPOLIS, IND. May 11, 1922
Meeting of the Iowa and Ames Sections A joint meeting of the Iowa and Ames Sections of the SOCIETY, functioning as the Chemical Division of the Iowa Academy of Science, was held a t Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, on April 28 and 29. The program included twenty-four papers, covering many branches of chemical research.
Vol. 14, No. 7
Clamps (R) (D) (D) (D)
Buret, Buret, Buret, Buret,
iron, with jaws of pressed steel, japanned and rubber covered. cast iron. polished brass polished brass, nickel plated.
1 Presented at the 63rd Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Birmingham, Ala., April 3 to 7, 1922 a Prepared by the Committee on Guaranteed Reagents and Standard Apparatus of the American Chemical Society in collaboration with the Committee on Standardization of the Association of Scientific Apparatus Makers of the United States of America. *Part I published in THIS JOURNAL, 18 (1921), 1070.
July, 1922
THE JOURNAL OF TND USTRIAL A N D ENGIiVEERING CHEMISTRY
(R) Buret, iron, with strong spring closing the movable jaw. (D) Buret, nickel-plated brass, jaws covered with rubber; for attachment to retort stands, etc. Bunsen, for attaching t o supports by fasteners; round jaws, cork lined; with fastener: Sizes: Small Medium Large D D D Bunsen, without fastener, without cork: Sizes: Small Medium Large R D R Bunsen, with V-shaped jaws, cork lined: with fastener: Sizes: Small Medium Large D D D Bunsen, without fastener, without cork: Sizes: Small Medium Large R R R (D) Buret, Allihn, double. (R) Buret, double, closing automatically by means of coiled springs; jaws rubber covered. (R) Buret, Lincoln. (D) Buret, of wood “Shift Easy.” (R) Buret, Hoffman, double jaws, cork lined. (D) Buret, double, brass. (D) Townson, for condensers and large tubes; brass, cork lined jaws, 3-in. (R) Universal, for condensers, etc., with swivel jaws; jaws cork lined; without fastener. (R) Large size, without fastener. (D) Holdawl, small. (D) Holdawl, large. (D) Holdawl, adjustable form, (D) Ostwald Universal, of brass. (D) Ostwald Universal, double, of brass, with elbow point. (R) Fastener, for attaching clamps to rods up t o 7/16 in diameter. (R) For rods up to 8/16 in. diameter. (R) For attaching clamps to rod a t any angle. (R) For tubes, nickel plated brass; for screwing into wall, t o support tubes, burets, etc. (R) Chaddock, spring wire, for holding beakers, size No. l B , for Beakers Nos. 0 t o 2 . (R) Size No. 3B for Beakers Nos. 2 to 4. (R) Chaddock, for evaporating dishes; size No. 3D for dishes 3 to 4 in. diameter. (R) Size No. 5D, for dishes 4 to 6 in. diameter. (R) Chaddock, for large test tubes and necks of flasks from 1 / 2 t o l ’ / a in. diameter (D) Crucible, brass; for holding crucibles. (R) Test tube, Stoddart, spring wire, nickel plated; for tubes up to 1 in. diameter. (R) For tubes 1 / z to 11/z in. diameter. (R) Test tube, of wood, with wire spring. ’ (D) Test tube, Bunsen, of brass; for tubes up to 7/8 in. diameter. (D) Wooden, with spring; for large tubes and flask. (R) Apparatus, for holding rods vertical or horizontal on which to clamp apparatus. Table, of iron, for fastening apparatus t o the table: Sizes, in. 2 3 4 6 8 10 D R R R D D Hoffmann, pinchcock, nickel plated; with screw compressor: Sizes, in. ‘ / a x a / r a/4 x 1 R R
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(R) Hoffmann, improved, can be attached t o tubing without disconnecting apparatus. (D) Hoffmann, improved, E. 8. A., superior in quality and workmansbip to No. 2078 Hoffmann, with one side open: Sizes: Small Large R R
(D) Bunsen, with screw on each side. Mohr, pinchcock, nickel plated, durable: Sizes: Small Medium Length overall, in. 26/a 2?/8 R R Double Extra Large
Large
. s1/z R
Extra Large 3 7/8 D
4s/10
D (D) Chaddock, pinchcock, of one piece of brass wire, nickel plated. Watch glass, brass, nickel plated: Sizes, in. 2 21/1 R R Watch glass, Bunsen, of brass: Sizes, in. - 2 2 ‘/t D D
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(D) Condenser, with V-shaped jaws of stamped steel. (R) Tubing, Mohr’s pinchcock, of redangular wire, giving a flat bearing surface on the tubing 3 mm. wide. Length, 21/2 in.: for tubing UP to J/s in. (R) With brass hook for supporting thermometers and other aDDaratus. Adjustable, steel: Maximum opening, in. 6 10 18 D D D
Color Comparison Tubes (D) Cylinders, Hehner; graduated tubes with stopcocks and metal feet. Camp, for manganese determination in steel: Sizes, cc. 30 50 100 D D D Eggertz, for carbon and manganese in steel, set of two or four: Capacity, cc. 30 50 100 R R D Eggertz, with ground-in glass stopper, set of two or four: Capacity, cc. 30 50 100 D D D Julian, with bent ends to permit mixing of contents without using a stopper; set of two or four: Graduated from, cc. 5 to 30 10 t o 50 10 to 70 Graduated in, cc. 0.1 0.1 0.5 R R D Julian, with funnel tops. Per set of two or four: Graduated from, cc. 5 to 30 10 to 50 10 to 70 Graduated in, cc. 0.1 0.1 0.5 D D D Nessler, American Public Health Association Standard. Tall form of clear glass, with polished bottoms. Graduation marks on 50-cc. tubes are from 200 to 250 mm. from the bottom and on the 100-cc. tubes are from 275 to 325 mm. from the bottom. I n sets of six or twelve the highest and lowest graduation marks shall not be more than 6 mm. apart. Jars, Nessler, superior quality, of colorless glass, with polished bottom; selected in sets of two or more agreeing: Graduated, cc. 50 100 50 & 100 50, 100 & 150 R R R D
Cylinders Hydrometer jar, with lip, heavy glass on foot: Height, in. 4 5 5 5 5 Diameter, in. 1 a/r 1 ll/r D D R D D
5 2 D
6 1
6
6 2
R R D 10 12 12 12 14 14 l’/z 2 I’/2 2 3 2 21/1 R R D R R D D D 15 18 20 20 22 18 15 1’/2 2 2’/2 2 21/2 3 3 D R R D D R D Heavy glass ring neck; on foot. D-all sizes: Height, in. 4 5 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 Diameter, in. 1 2 1 l’/a 2 11/z 1 1 / ~ 11/, 2 8 10 10 10 12 12 12 12 12 3 l‘/a 2 4 4 2 21/* 3 l’/r 15 15 15 16 18 18 20 20 20 2 2 11/2 2 , 3 3 2 3 4 25 25 30 30 3 4 3 4 Hydrometer jars, heavy glass, with flange ground to take glass plate: 6 8 10 12 ’ 12 15 15 18 Height, in. Diameter, in. 1 1 / 2 l’/a l’/z 2 4 2 3 3 D D R R D R D R Hydrometer jars, with enlarged top: Height, in. 12 12 14 14 16 16 Diameter, in. 11/2 2 2 11/z 21/a 2 R D R D D R (R) Graduated, for Brown-Duvel moisture tester, graduated to 25 cc. in 0.2 cc. (R) Graduated, with enlarged top, fog Brown-Duvel moisture tester. Drip cup, for acid chamber: Height of cylinder, in. 5 6 7 10 D R D D (D) Oil sample, flat parallel sides, glass stoppered. (D) Graduated 100 cc. Filtering, stoneware, acid proof: Capacity, gal. 7l/z 12 D D
8
8 2 D
10 I’/2
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T H E JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Graduated, with single graduations: Capacity, cc. 5 10 15 25 50 100 200 250 300 R R D R R R D R D 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 R R R D D Graduated with double graduations, to read up and down. Subdivisions according to the Bureau of Standards: Capacity, cc. 5 10 25 50 100 200 250 300 500 R R R R R , D R D R 1000 2000 3000 4000 R R D D Graduated i n ounces and fractions, single graduations, lipped: Capacity, 02. 1 2 4 8 16 32 D D D D D D Graduated and stoppered, single graduations: Capacity, cc. 5 10 25 50 100 150 200 250 300 D R R R R D D R D 500 1000 2000 4000 R R R D Graduated and stoppered, double graduations, to read up and down: Capacity, cc. 5 10 25 50 100 200 250 300 500 D R R R R D R D R 1000 2000 4000 R R D
Dishes Acid, of porcelain: Diameter, cm. 10 12 13 14.5 16.5 R D D ‘ D D Aluminium, flat bottom, straight sides, as used in milk analysis, etc.: Diameter, mm. 50 65 75 100 R R R R (D) Aluminium, flat bottom with slip-in lid. Crystallizing, flat bottom, straight sides: Sizes, mm. 5 0 x 35 60 x 35 7 0 x 50 7 5 x 45 8 0 x 4 0 90 x 50 R R R D R D 100 x 50 115 x 60 125 x 65 150 x 75 170 x 85 190 x 95 R D R R D R 215 x 110 260 x 125 b R Evaporating, porcelain, with wooden handle: Diameter,cm. 12 15.5 21.5 D D D Evaporating, glass, round bottom, with lip: Sizes, mm. 50 60 70 80 90 105 125 150 200 D D D D D D D D D Evaporating, glass, flat bottom, with lip: Sizes, mm. 50 60 70 80 90 100 125 150 170 200 D R R R R R R R D R Shallow, enameled steel: Diameter, in. 8 10 12 16 18 20 24 28 D D D D D D D D Cast iron, deep, heavy white enameled inside,. with detachable handles: Diameter, in. 7 8 10 13 16 18 22 D R D D D R D Lead, round, shallow, for holding hydrofluoric acid: Diameter, cm. 5 6 . 5 7 5 10 12 5 15 R D R R D D Milk, of tin foil, in shape of bottle caps; for milk analysis: Siies: 23i4 x 8/4 2 1 / ~x 11/18 31/2 x ’/z R R R Solid wrought nickel, round bottom, with lip: Diameter, cm. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 D D R D R D R D D (D) Solid wrought nickel, for sugar analysis; set of 3. (R) Nickel, deep form for sugar analysis, diameter 7.5 cm., with large lip and tare weight. Moisture, aluminium, with cover of same fitting outside: Diameter, mm. 50 63 90 89 90 15 Height, mm. 22 44 30 50 R R D R D (D) Moisture, aluminium, with dish and cover numbered to agree. (D) Preparation, of clear white glass, low form, with loose fitting cover.
Vol. 14,KO. 7
Opaque fused silica, glazed throughout: Capacity, cc. 25 45 80 90 100 200 400 D R R D R R D Opaque fused silica, not glazed: Capacity, cc. 400 500 600 700 800 1200
600 D 1400
D D D D 3000 3000 15000 22500 311 394 133 102 D D D D D D D Opaque fused silica, flat, glazed throughout with lip: Capacity, cc. 20 30 75 150 D R R D Opaque fused silica capsule: Capacity, cc. 10 15 20 30 35 40 D R R D R D (R) Opaque fused silica capsule for ashing, capacity 40 cc. (R) Opaque fused silica capsule, large size, capacity 75 cc., diameter 82 mm., depth 25 mm. Fused silica, incinerating: 20 Capacity, cc. 7 D D Clay, roasting: Diameter, in. 21/z 3 4 5 6 D R R R D Silver, price according to weight: Diameter, mm. 50 65 75 - 9 0 100 125 R R R R R R (D) Petri-Pasteur, diameter 100 mm., depth of lower dish 7 to 8 mm. (R) Petri, bottom dish only, diameter 95 mm., depth 12 mm., for use with porous earthenware covers. (R) Porous earthenware covers, to fit above. (R) Porous earthenware covers with glazed outer surface. Petri. Fitted in pairs: Diameter, mm. 50 75 75 90 100 100 120 120 150 Height, mm. 10 10 15 10 10 15 15 20 20 R R D D R R D D R 150 200 25 20 . D D “Moist Chamber” with loosely fitting cover with knob: Diameter, cm. 15 20 25 7.5 9 Height, cm. 4 R R R (R) Same, without knob on cover. Slender form with ground grooved cover: 60 60 Diameter, mm. 36 50 Height, mm. 19 26 28 90 R R R R (R) Staining, glass, with molded stationary grooves, with cover; for 10 slides, 75 mm. long, width up t o 38 mm. (R) Staining jar, Coplin, for 10 slides. D Capacity, cc. 1800 Diameter, mm. 203 Depth, mm. 108
D 1800 229 89
D 2500
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Extraction Apparatus Practically all the items discontinued in this section can be made to order without great delay or excessive cost. Very few of them have been bought in the last few years. Recommendations are not made in regard to the kind of glass from which extraction apparatus should be made. For general work it is doubted whether anything more difficult to work than good regular commercial tubing will give enough better service t o pay for the greater cost and the frequent lack of neatness of the lamp work. For certain work special glass or even silica may be necessary and sometimes more economical than the regular glass. Soxhlet, extractor only: Sizes: Approximate diam. inside, mm. Approx. capacity to top of siphon, cc. Height of siphon not more than mm.
Small 30 70 70 R Soxhlet, complete with flask and Allihn condenser: Sizes: Small Medium Large R R R
Medium 38 100 75 R
Large 50 200 113 R
July, 1922
T H E JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHELWISTRY
(D) Extraction tube-Smalley, for oil. (R) Extraction tube, of the dimensions required by the Southern Cotton Oil Co. Soxhlet, with stopcock on side: Sizes: Small Medium Large D D D for fat in milk. (D) Extraction tube-Johnson, Extraction apparatus, Soxhlet, with two extra flasks, extractor and Allihn condenser; all ground joints: Sizes: Small Medium Large Inside diameter, mm. 30 38 50 R R R Same, with 2 flasks and Graham’s spiral condenser: Sizes: Small Medium Large Inside diameter, mm. 30 38 50 D D D Same, with Hopkins condenser, ground joint, and Sy flask for mercury seal: Sizes: Small Medium Larrte D R D Same, with Knorr flasks: Sizes: Small Medium Large D R D (R) Knorr, with perforated platinum disk. (D) Same, urith perforated glass disk. (R) Same, flasks supplied with 2 holes in the neck, to take care of return flow of ether. P a r t s f o r above Condenser (R); flask, 100 cc. ( R ) ; extraction tube with platinum disk, loose ( R ) ; extraction tube with glass disk (D); extraction tube, modified f o v m , with nickel disk and wire clamp or with platinum disk ( D ) . (R) Knorr, modified by Walter and Goodrich. (D) According to Prof. G. P. Plaisance. (R) Bailey-Walker, consisting of glass flask, metal condenser and glass siphon. (R) Same, with 25-cc. Gooch crucibles in place of glass siphon.
P a r t s f o r above Metal condenser ( R ) ; glass flasks (R); glass siphon tube (R). Landsiedl : Sizes: Medium Large D D (D)
All parts for above
(R) Extraction tube for fat, Rohrig, Roese-Gottlieb method, ungraduated and unstoppered. (R) Same, graduated. Extraction apparatus, Bremer: For solution, cc. 10 25 50 D D D (D) Graefe. (D) Hagemann, for liquids. (D) Kreussler. (D) Cauldwell, tube only with perforated bottom. Glass tube, with siphon: To siphon, cc. 25 50 100 D D D Kutscher & Stendel: Capacity, cc. 500 1000 2000 D D D Thorn: Sizes: Small Large D D (R) Wiley. (R) Parts; glass tube with ground flange. (D) Wiley, modified by Ford. (R) Wiley, modified by Richardson. (R) Underwriters’ Laboratories pattern. (R) Same, with suspended porcelain Gooch crucible. (D) For insoluble test of shellac. (R) Joint Rubber Insulation Committee form. (R) Reed, for bark and wood extracts. (D) Davoll. (D) Yocum. (R) Teas. Extraction shells, alundum: Height, mm. 90 70 60 100 80 55 127 Diameter, mm. 19 25 26 30 34. 35 32 Shape a t bottom Flat Flat Round Flat Round Flat Round R R R R R R R
Extraction shells, glass: Length, mm. 80 Diameter, mm. 25 D
80 22 D
80 33 D
657
123 43 D
Filter Paper Recommendations in regard t o filter paper are offered as tentative suggestions for a general stock. It is believed t h a t a number of discontinued items should be obtainable, particularly some of the small sizes: Available records did not show enough sales of the discontinued items to indicate t h a t any great number of chemists desire them. Unwashed (D) entire line. Very rapid, for gelatin-like fiItrates. (R) Rapid, suitable for all ordinary work. Diameter,cm. 4 . 2 5 5 . 5 7 9 11 12.5 D D R R R R 27 32 3 8 . 5 40 50 D D D D D (R) Sheets. Slow, for fine precipitates: Diameter,cm. 4.25 5.5 7 9 11 12.5 D D R R R R 27 32 38.5 40 50 D . D D D D
15 R
18.5 R
15 R
18.5 R
24 R
24 R
(R) Sheets 23 in. x 2 3 in. (D) entire line. Very slow, for fine precipitates. (D) entire line. Extremely slow, for finest precipitates.
Single washed Rapid, for ordinary precipitates: Diameter,cm. 5 . 5 7 9 11 12.5 D D R R D (D) Sheets. (D) entire line.
15 D
18.5 D
More rapid, for flocculent precipitates.
Double washed Used where results are obtained by direct weighing of ignited precipitate. Very rapid, for flocculent precipitates: Diameter,cm. 5 . 5 7 9 11 12.5 15 18.5 D D R R R R D Rapid, for ordinary precipitates: Diameter. cm. 5 . 5 7 9 11 12.5 15 18 5 D R R R R R n Slow, for fine precipitates: Diameter, cm. 5 . 6 7 9 11 12.5 15 18 5 D R R R R R D (D) entire line. Fat-free, for use in fat determinations. Extremelv low ash content: Diameter, cm. 5.5 7 9 11 1 2 . 5 15 D R R R R R
Havdened Tough chemically hardened paper for use Diameter,cm. 4 . 2 5 5.5 7 9 D D R R 27 3 2 3 8 . 5 40 D D D D
with filter pumps: 11 12.5 15 R R R 50 D
18.5 R
24 D
Folded Folded, strong, high quality, folded in way to prevent tearing a t the point: Diameter, cm. 1 2 . 5 15 18.5 24 32 38.5 50 R R R R R R R (D) Folded, with parchmentized points. (D) entire line. Thick folded filters. (D) entire line. Folded filters of hardened paper. (D) entire line. Folded filters, for filtration of varnishes, gelatins, and slimy fluid. (D) entire line. Extra thick, folded filters, very soft and strong. ExtracLi,on T h i m b l e s Manufacturers of extraction thimbles should give the internal diameter of the same and should not allow a greater variation than 2 mm., the thickness of the wall of the regular thimble should be approximately 1 mm. Discontinuance of the double thickness is recommended. Retain the following sizes: 19 x 90 mm. 3 3 x 80 mm. 22 x 80 3 3 x 94 mm. 25 x 80 4 3 x 123 mm.
T H E JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL A N D EhTGINEERING CHEMISTRY
658 (D) entire line. (D) entire line.
Black.
Porcelain, with handle: Diameter, cm. 8 . 6 D
Fillev Cones.
Miscellaneous (D) A strong, rapid paper with low ash. (D) Arsenic test strips. (D) Absorption blocks, 14 x 16 mm., purified by acids. (D) Drop reaction paper, 14 x 22 cm. (D) Milk analysis strips. (D) Extra thick, adapted for the filtration of liquors, fruit juices, sirups, and oils (D) Paper, free from starch. (D) Soft, for filtration of varnishes, gelatins, etc. (D) Extra thick. A specially soft and strong filter paper for the rapid filtration of all kinds of varnishes. (D) Very soft, for rapid filtration of all kinds of varnishes, gelatins, and slimy fluids (D) Filter paper in rolls. Diffusion shells: Sizes: 16 x 90 mm. 35 x 100 mm. R D (D) Thin diffusion shells, for the determination of free acid in leather.
Agateware, with handle: Diameter, mm. 95 110 140 190 225 D R R R R (D) Agateware, for wide mouth bottles, with handle, 5 in. (D) Creosote, with stem graduated t o 12 cc. Glass, with angle of approximately 60°, stem ground to a point: Diameter, mm. 25 40 50 65 75 90 100 Length stem, mm. 50 60 65 75 90 100 D R R R R R R 175 200 250 300 150 150 150 D R R R Glass, Bunsen, with exact angle of 60°,with ground rim, long 50 65 75 90 100 Diameter, mm. 25 40 150 150 Lengthstem,mm. 150 150 150 150 150 R R R R R R R 175 200 225 250 300 150 150 150 150 150 D D D D D
125 125 R
43/4 R
D
@/4 R
7l/4
R
D
D
D
D
(R) Funnel heater, consisting of 10 coils of copper tubing. (R) Hot water, Koch's, double wall, inside diameter 51/2 in.: (D) with single wall, (D) Hot water, Plantamour's; (D) with steam coil; (D) of polished copper. Bdchner, of acid-proof stoneware: Diameter, cm. 16 26 D D Hard rubber, polished: Diameter, in. 31/4 41/4 5l/a 61/8 R Stoneware, acid-proof: Diameter, in. 4 6 D
R
D
R
8 D
R
10
16
12 D
D
D
l/r
'/a
1
2
4
8
D
D
D
D
D
D
(D) Hot water or steam, plain glass, double jacketed. (D) Same, exhausted and silvered; (D) cover. (D) Hot air, Lothar Meyer, copper. (R) Separatory, Carnot's, capacity 200 cc. Separatory, cylindrical, open top, with glass stopcock, long stem: Capacity, cc. 30 60 125 250 D R R D Cylindrical, glass stoppered: Capacity, cc.* 30 60 125 250 300 500t 600 lOOOt D R R R D R D R Plus 20% Overage. t The 500-cc. and 1000-cc. sizes t o have short1stems.
150 150 R
1250 ID
*
stem: 125 150 D
150 150 D
Sa/, R
Graduated in CC., cylindrical: Capacity, cc. 100 125 250 500* 1000* D R R R R The 500-cc. and 1000-cc. sizes to have short stems.
*
Cylindrical, glass stoppered, with side neck: Capacity, cc. 300 600 1000 D D D Separatory, funnel shape, 60" angle, heavy glass with stopcock: 1000 2000 4000 Capacity, cc. 125 250 500 Diameter, mm. 100 150 180 D R R R D D Separatory, globe shape, light glass, stopper, stopcock and long stem: Capacity, cc. 30 60 125 250 500 1000 2000 R R R R R R D Separatory, globe shape, heavy molded glass, stopper, stopcock, and short stem: Capacity,cc. 500 1000 2000 4000
Glass, Bunsen, with constriction in stem: Diameter, mm. 50 65 75 90 100 D D D D D (D) Glass, nest of three; one of each r/a in., 1 in. and l'/g In. diameter. Glass, without stem, for use in sugar analysis: Diameter, mm. 75 90 100 R R R Glass, with bulb in stem: Diameter. in. 41/a 5l/2 7_ D D D Glass filter, so-called carbon filters, for use myith Gooch crucibles: Diameter, mm. (inside dimensions) 25 28 32 37 R R R R Glass, ribbed, for rapid filtering: Diameter, in. 28/a 31/2 33/4 D D R
17.5 D
Porcelain, with small perforations, and handle : Diameter,cm. 11 13 16 21 26
Tin plate: Capacity, pts.
Funnels
12 D
Vol. 14, No. 7
101/4 R
Glass, ribbed, without stem, for sugar analysis: Diameter, in. Z8/4 33/4 43/4 5%/4 D D D D Glass, with deep conical corrugations for quick filtering: Diameter, cm. 7 9 16 20 24 D D D D D Alundum, aonical filters: Diameter, in. la/, Z1/a 3 4l/2 R R R R (D) Glass, Spencer, with rubber ring. (R) Crucible holder, Bailey. (R) Crucible holder, Walter, for Gooch crucibles of 25-cc. capacity. Crucible holders, Sargent, plain type: For crucibles top diameter, mm. 27 35 40 R R R Copper : Capacity, pts. 1./4 1/1 1 2 4 8 D D D D D D
R 13 R
R
R
R
Separatory, Squibbs, pear shape: Capacity, cc. 125 250 500 1000 R R R D (R) Separatory, Straus, capacity 30 cc., without stopper. (R) Separatory, for sulfonation test of creosote, 125 cc. (R) Separatory, Walter, for delivering single drops,r60 CC. (D) Shaking, for estimating phenol in creosote, Thistle top, glass stoppered: Capacity, cc. 30 60 125 250 D D D D Separatory, bell shape, with open top: Capacity, cc. 30 125 R R (D) C. M . Johnson, globe shape, long stem, open top. With rod stopper, for quickly separating liquids: Capacity, cc. 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 D D D D D Stoneware, acid-proof, conical shape: Diameter, cm. 23 30 D D (D) Sulfur, heavy glass, angle 60".
THE JOUR.VilL OF I,YDZBTRIAL A N D ENGINEEKING CHEA41S'TRY
July, 1922
Funnel tubes, thistle top, straight: J ~ ~ ~ t b 20 , c ~30. 40 45 D R R ' D Funnel tubes, c o n i d top: I m g t s , c m . 25 a0 40 D K 1)
be insisted upon by institutions offering courses in chemical engineering. X-The committee recommends ihat technical schools and professional schools of universities arrange their courses so that properly qualified college graduates may secure a professiciial degree at the end of a two-year course. 13-The committee deprecates the usc of undergraduate or even graduate students as major instructors (instructors of laboratory sections or quiz sections) in charge of CIBsses of chemical engineers, even in the freshman year.
50 D
45
io
I1
D
Seiety,thistle fop, with bend: Lenyth, E",. 30 -
K ( D ) Safety, conical fop, with b m d Safety. with bulbs, fl,isilc top: No. of bulbs I 2 3
K
K
same, ,"it11 conical tup: With bulbs I-_- 2
659
American Oil Chemists' Society
R
H E American Oil Chemists' Society held its tliirtecnth T annual convention at the Grunewnld Hotel, New Orleans, I,a., on June 7 and 8, On account of conditions piwailing
3 D
D D Vogel, funnel and delivery tiilk combined. Funnel tube, ilcavy, sliort stemmed, w i t h bend aiid gas generator: sirrs: Snlnil Large D K
ID)
two bulbs
lor
lis< Wit11
( T o be conciudd)
Cherriical Engineering Education Conference At tlie conference on Chemical llnginerring Education, conducted by the American Institute of Chemical Iingineers at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institutc on May 16, the following recommendations were finally adopted: I--$n undesirable multiplicity of subjects is now included in coiirses in chemical engineering. 2-\Vherever possible, it is desirable to avoid splitting major courses into a number of minor courses. 3-Any m i m e in chemical engineering should provide, as the background far specific instruction in chemical engineering as such, strong courses in chemistry, physics, mathematics, and the fundamentals of engineering. 4-As preliminary to the desirable reorganization of chemical engineering cou~ses,steps should be taken to secure agreement on the nomenclature concerned with the subjects involved. &-A much closer agreement in the weighting of the various courses as to clock and credit hours is urgently needed in tliose institutions giving courses in cheniical engineering. (i--The committee would omit froni chemical engineering curricula courses in civil engineering, sanitary engineering, mining engineering (exceiit geology), and electrical engineering beyond its fundamentals. which should include the instruction required ior the erection and operation of motors and generators. 7--It is desirable to avoid specialization by industries in the four-year course in chemical engineering. When specialized training is offered, the specialized subjects should preferably be segregated as graduate work. This applies to sucli subjects .as petroleum technology, sugar, cellulase teclinology, fuels and oils, and refrigeration. 8-The committee considers a thorough grounding in Hnglish, a reading knowledre of some foreisn lanswane, and 3 reasonable familiarity with English literature essential to the adequate training of the chemical engineer, and regards EngliSh as one of his most effective workiiie tools. I t recommends a soecial course in report writing and-the oral presentation^ of prdjects. 9--The committee recornmends that a "source of information" coursc or its equivalent be provided as a part of the chemical engineerina course. This specialized course should familiarize the student with patent literature, governmental reports, bibliographies, trade journals and catalogs, abstract journals, publications of societies and other technical lilerature, the resources of libraries, and the activities of scientific and technical organizations throughout the world. l(t'l'he committee recommends that, wherever possible, engineuing studies should be preceded by three years of general college training, in which special emphasis be given t o mathematics, physics. chemistly, English history, and economics, with the idea of obtaining a broad foundation ior their proicssional study and of entering upon this study at a greater maturity and with presumable reduction of time required for their proressionai courses. 11-The committee wishes t o emphasize the fact that the chemical engineering profession is a difficult one and that, atcordingly, a thorough and broad preparation for entrance should
1'322. in the Mississippi Valley early in May. the meeting was sostp o n d from May 8 and 0 until this time. \Vhat was lacking in attendance owiug t o the postponed date and the general financial condition in the uegetable oil industry was more than compcnsat.& for by the cnthusiasm of those present. The committee reports were printed and distributed a t the meetings, as was done last year. This plan permits those pxesent to give these reports more considcration than if the papers were merely read, brings out the more imsortant featnrcs of the rcports for discussion, esI.. hi. 'roLrnnN, sedites the dissosal or ~ z ~ ~ ~ i~ ~ t ~ . ~~oil t , Chemiits' ~ sc,cicty ~ the reports, and leaves ample time for the consideration of other more important papcrr. Dr. Geo. S. Jarnicson, Chemist in Charge of the Oil, Fat. and War Laboratory of the U. S. Aureait of Chemistry, and an Honorary hlember of the Society. presented a most important paper as the result of his laboratory's investigations on the composition of vegetable oils, with particular relerence to cottonseed oil, under the title of "The Analysis of Crude Vryetable Oils." Dr. Jamieson outlined a metliod for the determination of the actual amount of pure glycerol in crude vegetahlc ails. His investigations havc also revealed that in the usual refining processes of cottonseed oil other substances than the free iatty acids combine with the caustic soda used. He has isolated a small quanlity of these substances and has found them to contain phosphorus and other inorganic radicals. Wlien the values of these non-fat hodies have been determined and the part that thcy play in actual commercial refining operations is known, it will bc much easier than at the present time t o judge the eKicirncy of the refining operations. Dr. David Wesson. Technical Director of the Southern Cotton Oil Co., and one of thr founders oi the American Oil Chemists' Society, had his new 13. K. Colorimeter on exhibition at the meeting. With this instrument Dr. Weason has been making an exhaustive study of the possible solution oi the various difficulties surrounding the present color grading of vegetable oils. He also described and showed lantern slides of another instrument which is beiag perfected by Keuffel & Esser eo., showing a number of oil absorption curves of oils and Lovibond glasses. An interesting feature in regard t o this was that the
i
~
660
T H E JOURNAL OF I X D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
curves for refined cottonseed oils show a t one point a striking depression which may be nearly eliminated b y bleaching with fuller’s earth. Dr. Wesson said that with the Keuffel & Esser instrument it will be possible to tell whether a given oil has been partly bleached or whether a given refined oil is bleachable. Suitable resolutions were presented as memorials to Dr. Frank N. Smalley and Dr. Charles Baskerville, both members of the Society claimed by death during the past year. As a further memorial to Dr. Smalley, the Society’s cooperative analytical program of work on cottonseed meal is to be known as the Smalley Foundation. A number of certificates of proficiency in analytical work, as a part of the cooperative analytical program, were given to several of the members by Herbert Bailey, Chief Chemist of the Southern Cotton Oil Co., and chairman of the committee on this work. The subjects covered by this program this year were meals (for ammonia and oil), oils, soapstocks, fats, and fertilizers. The Society’s silver loving cup, which is presented each year t o the member doing the most accurate work on its set of co-
Vol. 14, No. 7
operative meal samples, was awarded at the annual banquet to Dr. H. B. Battle of Montgomery, Ala. This work consisted of thirty-eight meal samples during the. year, on which there were nearly one hundred collaborators. The report of the Secretary-Treasurer showed the Society to be in a n excellent financial condition, and that, notwithstanding the business depression that has existed and the large number of members lost, there has been a growth of 15 per cent in its membership. The Society voted, upon recommendation of its Governing Committee, to incorporate under, the laws of Louisiana. The following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President: L. M. TOLMAN, Chief Chemist, Wilson & Co., Chicago, Ill. Vice President: H. B. BATTLE,The Battle Laboratory, Montgomery, Ala. Secretavy-Tueasurer: THOS.B. CALDWRLL, Manager, Law & Co., Wilmington, N. C. Editor Chemists’ Section: HERBERT BAILEY, Chief Chemist, Southern Cotton Oil Co., Savannah, Ga.
THOS.B. CALDWELL, Secretary
LONDON LETTER BY STEPHBN MIALL,157 Haverstock Hill, Hampstead, N. W. 3, England
we can sometimes The success of a chemical works largely depends on its a- many of us depended for our butter-bread ciency, and it is not surprising that the chemical engineers, procure out of our home trade. who consider that the prosperity of the world will be a function INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES -in expanding terms-of the efficiency of industrial chemistry, This is the season for international conferences. One has take themselves somewhat seriously. Great debate has taken recently been held in Brussels and a number of very interestplace on the relative importance of engineering and chemistry, ing papers were read, including one on “I1/olecular Configuration how best to combine the two. About three years ago, the radioactive chemical engineers in this country formed a separate and Optical Activity,” by Sir William Pope, one on “X-Ray group of the Society of Chemical Industry. It is characteristic Analysis and Molecular Structure,” by Sir William Bragg, and of all radioactive bodies to maintain a temperature rather above one on “The Separation of Isotopes,” by Messrs. Perrin and Urthe normal. The greater the effusion of energy, the greater is bain. KO one thought a few years ago that the researches of Sir William Crookes on the rare earths would prove t o be an the bomhardment of neighboring bodies, but in due course’ a important stage in the development pf the gas mantle industry, state of equilibrium is reached. It seems probable that this or that the work of Pictet, Cailletet, Dewar, and others on the state has now been attained in this country; the Chemical liquefaction of gas would effect a revolution in industrial chemEngineering Group has published and is continuing to publish very valuable reports on filtration and on a variety of other sub- istry. It may be that in future years the theoretical work on the nature of the elements and their relationship to each other jects, and a t the next annual meeting of the Society of Chemical will have results which no one can a t present foresee. Industry, to be held in Glasgow in July, there will be papers Then we are to have the annual meeting of the Union Intercontributed by members of the Group on the design of ammonationale de la Chimie Pure et Appliquke a t Lyons at the end niacal liquor stills, on tar distillation, and on other matters conof June. The British delegation will probably include Sir nected with distillation. The chemical engineers are also organWilliam Pope, Professors Lowry and Soddy, Dr. Aston, and izing an Institute of Chemical Engineers which, in comparison the writer. with the Group, will consist of the same atoms only slightly differently arranged. I hear that the Jefferies-Norton system for the production of PAINTAND VARNISHINDUSTRY oxygen on the large scale is attracting attention over here; There are always two opposing forces a t work in bodies of this process, which I fancy hails from Massachusetts, has been scientific men, a tendency toward fission and a tendency toward described in many papers published in American journals, and fusion. Attraction and repulsion prevail in turn, just as init is quite on the cards that it will provide oxygen in bulk at a dividualism and communism are fashionable in their respective less cost than any previous process. I hear from more than seasons. An effort is now being made for a fusion of the scien- one source that its possibilities seem very interesting, and that tific societies concerned in the paint and varnish industry, and installations of the plant are under consideration. if the effort succeeds it is hoped that the dissemination of scientific knowledge in this domain will be better done than has hitherto The Low Temperature Carbonization Company report that been possible here. their plant at Barnsley in Yorkshire is working smoothly and that interesting developments will be published shortly. SLOWLY IMPROVING CONDITIONS Trade conditions seem a little better; the income tax has been reduced by a shilling in the pound, and that is something at any rate. The heavy chemical trade here is appreciably better than it was, and the home demand for products of other trades is improving, but, generally speaking, the export trade has hardly enough vitality to keep it from putrefaction Unfortunately, there is only one remedy for this trouble and it is slow in its operation. We and you and all other countries will have t o live laborious days, deny ourselves a lot of luxuries we are, or have been, accustomed to, write down in our balance sheets the capital values of our works and our plant, effect economies in our process costs, and so gradually put all our concerns into a sound and prosperous state so that the world can again become rich enough to indulge in that international trade on which so
Dr. E. F . Armstrong is nominated as the new president of the Society of Chemical Industry and will no doubt act with his characteristic energy. The Society has a number of intricate and important matters of policy t o consider during the next two or three years, and one of the most difficult is how best to achieve some such coordination of chemical interests as you have successfully accomplished in America. M a y 15, 1922
Continuance of the qualified embargo of foreign dyes was endorsed by the American Cotton Manufacturers’ Association at its annual convention held in Washington, D. C., recently.
