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apparatus used in t h i s w o r k ; to Mr. Walter Rogers f o r the skill with which he has secured highly detailed photographs of the columns and distillation set-ups; to D r . J. R. Johnson, of Cornell University, f o r the blueprint of the Wurtz two-bulb tube (11); and t o Arthur H. Thomas Company, of Philadelphia, for a b l u e p r i n t of the Snyder three-ball column ( F i g u r e 2).
Literature Cited (I)
(2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
(8)
(9)
(10) (II)
PETERSAND BAKER,"High-Precision Fractional Distillation in the Laboratory," Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, 64-72 (Jan., 1926). HILLAND FERRIS,''Laboratory Fractionating Columns," ibid., 19,379-82 (Mar., 1927). CLARKEAND RAHRS, "A Laboratory Fractionating Column," ibid., 15, 349 (Apr., 1923). Compare the devices of L u c ~ s ,"An All-Glass Distilling Tube without Conref. (I), p. 69. striction." ibid., 19,680 (June, 1927); see also PETERSAND BAKER, MULLIKEN."A Method for the Identification of Pure Organic Compounds," Vol. I, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York City, 1904, p. 221, footnote. LovELEss, "An Improved Laboratory Fractionating Column," Ind. Eng. Chem.. 18, 826 (Aug., 1926). MARSHALL AND SUTHERLAND, "Effectiveness of Laboratory Rectifying Columns." ibid., 19, 735-8 (June, 1927). LoNcINov AND PRYAN~SHNIKOV, Trans. Inst. Pure Chmn. Reagents (Moscow); Chem. Abstr., 23, 3602 (1929) Some devices for accurate control of reflux are described in papers already cited, e. g., PETERSAND BAKER,ref. ( I ) , HILL AND FERRIS,ref. (2). MARSHALL AND SUTHERLANQ, ref. (7). See also LESLIEAND GENlEssE. Ind. Eng. Chcnz., 18,591 (June, 1926). S~HOORL, "The Refraction of Alcohol-Water Mixtufes," Phnrm. Weekblad, 66, 905-20 (1929); Chem. Abstr., 24, 570 (1930). E . g., "Chemical Annual," D. Van Nostrand Co., New York City, 6th ed.. 1926, p. 591. See ADAMSAND JOHNSON. "Elementary Laboratory Experiments in Organic Chemistry." The Macmillan Company, New York City, 1928, p. 43.
Sees beginning of new epoch in conquest of disease. A new epoch, that of the invisible viruses, is opening in the fight against diseases, Dr. H. H. Dale told members of the British Association for the Advancement of Science a t their recent centenary meeting in London. "For the study of infection, the past century, and the latter half of it especially, has been the epoch of the visible bacteria," he said. "The new century seems likely t o give us an epoch of not less important discovery concerning the viruses." he predicted. Dr. Dale opened a special discussion of these ultramimscopic organisms which cause many serious diseases of plants, animals, and man, among them rabies, infantile paralysis, and foot and mouth disease. He pointed out how little is knownaboutthem. The very definition of a virus, which depends in part on measurement of size and in part on method of reproduction, is unsettled among scientists themselves. Dr. Dale expressed confidence that advance will be made in our knowledge of these viruses and that what now seem t o be immovable difficultieswill yield to patience and ingenuity.-Science Senice
