Solid State Chemistry in Catalysis

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Author Index K l i e r , Κ., 295 Kostiner, Ε., 57 Kubsh, Joseph Ε., 313 Kung, Η. H., 205 Lauderback, L. L., 339 Lewandowski, J . T., 143 Longo, J . M., 143 L u i , Κ., 205 Lund, C a r l R. F., 313 Machiels, C. J . , 103 McVicker, G. Β., 165 M u r r e l l , L. L., 165 Nevald, R., 235 Pasquariello, D. M., 247 P a s s a r e t t i , J . D., 247 Pedersen, E., 235 Perrotta, A. J . , 75 Robschlager, K.-H. W., 275 Sherman, L. G., 165 Simmons, G. W., 295 S l e i g h t , A. W., 103 Soled, S., 165 Sorensen, O., 235 Swift, Η. E., 75 T e l l e r , R. G., 57 Topsoe, H., 235 Topsoe, N.-Y., 235 van Santen, R. Α., 275 Vedage, G. Α., 295 Védrine, Jacques C., 257 Wachs, I. Ε., 165 Wold, Α., 247

Akhter, S., 205 A l l i s o n , Janet Ν., 23 Andersson, Arne, 121 Andersson, S. Lars T., 121 Baker, R. Τ. Κ., 165 Bart, J . C. J . , 89 B r a z d i l , J . F., 57 Candia, R., 235 Chan, S., 165 C h i a n e l l i , R. R., 221 Chowdhry, U., 103 Clausen, B. S., 235 Courtine, P i e r r e , 37 Delgass, W. Ν., 339 Dispenziere, N. C., 165 Dumesic, J . Α., 313 Dwight, Κ., 247 Emeis, C. Α., 275 F o r z a t t i , P., 89 Giordano, Ν., 89 Goddard, William Α., I l l , 23 G r a s s e l l i , R. Κ., 57 Haber, Jerzy, 3 Harrison, W. Τ. Α., 103 Himelfarb, P. Β., 295 Horowitz, Η. H., 143 Horowitz, H. S., 143 Innés, R. Α., 75 J e f f e r s o n , D. Α., 183 Kallesoe, S., 235 Kershaw, R., 247

Subject Index Acid dealumination, modification o f z e o l i t e s , 266 A c i d i c c a t a l y s i s , z e o l i t e s , 263 A c i d i c s i t e s , NiSMM c a t a l y s t s , 280 A c i d i t i e s , Lewis and Bronsted, NiSMM clays, 283 Acrolein oxidation o f propene, 23 s e l e c t i v i t y , I4f Acrylonitrile ammoxidation o f propene, 23 c a t a l y s t s f o r production, 75 (Ce-Mo-Te)O c a t a l y s t , 89

A

Abstraction, α-hydrogen, propylene over bismuth oxide, 10 Acetone desorption decomposition o f 2-propanol on z i n c oxide, 212 TPD spectra, 213f TPD r e s u l t s , 212 Acid and metal functions, balance, NiSMM clays, 285

351

Grasselli and Brazdil; Solid State Chemistry in Catalysis ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1985.

352

SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY IN CATALYSIS

Acrylonitrile—Continued various activity, Bi-Ce molybdate, 63 yield, (U-Sb-Ti)O catalyst, 80 Activated catalysts, characterization, (V-Ti)O catalysts, 127 Activation of organic molecule, discussion, 7-11 Active phase alteration, promoted (U-Sb)0 catalysts, 77 single catalytic, interfacial effects, 49 Active sites at edge planes, layered transition metal sulfides, 232 Active water gas shift sites, magnetite structure, 332-336 Activity desorption of 2-propanol decomposition products, zinc oxide, 215 sulfide phases, binary transition metal sulfide HDS catalysts, 222 (V-Ti)0 catalysts, 122 Adjacent dioxo units, molybdenum, effect on selective oxidation process, 31 Adsorption CO-CO2 technique, active WGS sites on magnetite, 336 competitive, on pair-sites, magnetite, 328 3-picoline, vanadium oxide catalyst, 134 site densities, chromia-promoted magnetite, 330t Adsorptive mechanism, WGS on magnetite, 315 Alcohols electrooxidation by lead ruthenates, 157,158 secondary, cleavage by mixed metal oxides with pyrochlore structure, 161 synthesis, alkali-promoted (Cu-Zn)O catalysts, 295-312 Alkali-promoted copper-zinc oxide catalysts, low alcohol synthesis, 295-312 Alkaline solution synthesis, pyrochlore, 146 Alkane isomerization mechanism, bifunctional, NiSMM clay, 279 Alkylation, aromatics on zeolites, 264 Alkylpyridines, ammoxidation, (V-Ti)O systems, 121 Allyl iodide, oxidation, yield of acrolein and carbon dioxide, 12f A l l y l radical, trapping, molybdenum, 24,30

A l l y l i c specie formation, propylene over bismuth oxide, 10 Alumina-supported catalysts Co-Mo and Ni-Mo, preparation, 236 Co-Mo HDS, determination of the magnetic moment, 241 Alumina-supported tungsten oxide CAEM, 167 ESCA, I68,170f laser Raman spectra, 171,173f,178 metal oxide-support interaction, 177 particle dispersion, 177,178 preparation, 166 reduction resistance, 168 TGA, 167 Aluminosilicates, three-layer sheet, hydroisomerization activity, 275 Aluminum molybdate, method of preparation, 106 Aluminum tungstate, laser Raman spectra, 173f Ammoxidation alkylpyridines, (V-Ti)0 systems, 121 Bi molybdates, 34 3-picoline, catalytic performance of (V-Ti)0 catalysts, 135 propene to acrylonitrile, 23 propylene, catalytic activity and phase composition, 63 selective olefin, solid state mechanism, 71 Amorphous lead ruthenate DTA trace, 150f transformation into crystalline pyrochlore, I47f Analytical electron microscopy (AEM), location of the Co atoms in Co-Mo-S, 238 Anatase to rutile, transformation, 47 Anion stoichiometry, lead ruthenates, 146 Anion vacancies, WGS on magnetite, 331 Anion-cation pair sites adsorption on magnetite, 331 related to catalytic properties of magnetite, 323 Anion-cation sublattices, complex oxide catalysts, role in oxidation process, 7 Anionic defects, oxygen transfer, 49 Anisotropy, oxide catalysts with rhenium oxide like structures, 41 Antimony, excess, promoting effect, 83 Asymmetric oxygen coordination sphere, molybdate catalysts, 66 Atomic absorption characterization of molybdate catalysts, 107 Fe-Cr molybdate samples, 110


353

INDEX

Atomic surface concentration ratios, alkali-promoted (Cu-Zn)O catalysts, 299 Auger electron spectroscopy, ethylene on Ru(001) surface, 341

Β Barium, in alkali-promoted (Cu-Zn)O catalysts, 310 BET surface area, HDS activity as as function of, transition metal sulfide catalysts, 226 Bifunctional alkane isomerization mechanism, NiSMM clay, 279 Binary transition metal sulfide hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts, discussion, 222-24 Binding energies and half widths, V and Ti core lines, 124 Biphasic assemblage, bismuth molybdo-tungstate, 189 Bis-imido sites, role of ammoxidation, 34 Bismuth incorporation, cerium molybdate, 67 Bismuth molybdates HREM studies, discussion, 189 interfacial effects, 49 octahedral sublayer, 197f selective oxidation and ammoxidation of propene, 30 Bismuth molybdo-tungstates, HREM studies, discussion, 189 Bismuth niobium oxide, HREM, 201f Bismuth oxide, reaction of propylene and a l l y l iodide, 7 Bismuth tungstate, possible layer overlap, HREM studies, 200f Bismuth-cerium molybdates preparation, 58 selective oxidation catalysts, basis for catalytic behavior, 57 Bismuth-niobium-molybdate, HREM studies, 194-96 Bismuth-niobium-tungstate, HREM studies, 196-99 Bismuth-ruthenate system, synthesis products, 152f Bismuth-substituted bismuth ruthenates, synthesis, 149 Bismuth-tungsten oxide bronze, intergrowth, multiple scattering in HREM, l88f

Bismuth-tungsten-molybdenum oxide, structural chemistry by HREM, 183 Bond distances, Mo-0, 66 Bonding coordination polyhedra, role in determining catalytic properties, 16 Mo and spectator oxo effects, 24-29 Butane, oxidation to maleic anhydride, 45,51f

C

Calcination temperature, effect on alumina-supported tungsten oxide, 178 Carbon, SIMS studies, structure and activity on Ru(001), 339-347 Carbon dioxide, effect on (Cu-Zn)O catalysts, 303 Carbon layers from CO, Ru(001) surface, 344 from ethylene, Ru(001) surface, 340 Carbon monoxide Ru(001) surface dissociation, 344 positive ion SIMS, 345f thermal desorption, 340,342f WGS on magnetite adsorptive mechanism, 315 discussion, 316 Carbon monoxide-carbon dioxide gas mixtures, adsorption on magnetite, 325 Carbon-deuterium interaction, Ru(001) surface, 344 Catalysis transition metal oxides, 3 zeolite chemistry, 257-71 zeolites, 264 Catalyst alkali-promoted (Cu-Zn)O, low alcohol synthesis, 295-312 Bi-Ce molybdate analysis of multiphase, 69 analysis of single phase, 63 basis for catalytic behavior, 57 binary transition metal sulfide HDS, discussion, 222-24 characterization molybdate catalysts, 107 (V-Ti)0 catalysts, 127 effect of crystal structure in transition metal sulfide, 225-228



354 Catalyst—Continued layered transition metal sulfide, role of disorder, 230-32 mild oxidation, thermodynamic and structural aspects of interfacial effects, 37 molybdate, power rate law parameters, 114 molybdenum oxide, dehydrogenation of alcohols, 49 precursor, (V-Ti)0 systems, 123 preparation Fe-Al series, 105 NiSMM clays, 277 promoted (U-Sb)0 catalysts, 76 standard microactivity test, 76 transition metal sulfides, 224 (V-Ti)0 systems, 123 promoted transition metal sulfide, role of edge planes, 228-30 promoted (U-Sb)0, structure and activity, 75 role of promoter atoms in Co-Mo and Ni-Mo, 235-44 single phase, thermodynamic and structural properties, 38 stability, promoted (U-Sb)0 catalysts, 86 structural properties of some oxides, 40 supported multicomponent molybdates, interfacial effects, 49 surface dynamics, 19 vanadium oxide, characterization, 121 Catalytic active phases, single, interfacial effects, 49 Catalytic activity (Cu-Zn)O, effect of alkali promotion, 300 effect of tetravalent metals substitution, 80 effect of T i substitution, 86 magnetite, 314-323 modification of zeolites, 265 related to free energy function, 71 related to phase composition, 63 (V-Ti)O catalysts, 135 Catalytic cracking, zeolites, 264 Catalytic oxidation, hydrocarbons, mechanism, 5f Catalytic reactions, zeolites, 263-67 Catalytically active clays, hydroisomerization activity, 275 Cation(s) location, zeolites, 258 organic, synthesis of new zeolites, 265 Cation distribution, Bi-Ce molybdate, 67

Cation mobility, zeolites, 261 Cation ordering schemes, scheelitetype structures, 63 Cation site, regenerative mechanism, WGS on magnetite, 317 Cation stoichiometry, variable, ruthenate pyrochlores, 161 Cationic active center, structure, 10 Cationic defects, oxygen transfer, 49 Cationic oxidation states, scheelite structure-type, 61 Cationic-anionic sublattices, complex oxide catalysts, role in oxidation, 7 Cavities, typical, zeolites, 258,260 Cavity size, zeolites, 260 Cerium incorporation, bismuth molybdate, 67 Cerium-molybdenum oxide phases, formation sequence, 92 Cerium-molybdenum-tellurium oxide system, phase relationships, 89 Channels, typical, zeolites, 258 Characterization, pyrochlore structure, 145 Charge per unit c e l l , zeolite framework, 258 Chemical dealumination, modification of zeolites, 265 Chemical modifications of zeolites, 267 Chemisorption, related to HDS activity, transition metal sulfide catalysts, 226 Chromatic factors, effect, HREM studies, 184 Chromia-promoted magnetite adsorption of various C0-C02 gas mixtures, 325 effect of lead addition, 332 summary of adsorption site densities, 330t Chromium molybdate, method of preparation, 106 Clays catalytically active, hydroisomerization activity, 275 NiSMM, cross-linking experiments, 2 86 various, comparison of activities, 276 Cobalt molybdate, dehydrogenation of butane, 49 Cobalt-molybdenum catalysts, role of promoter ions, 235-44 Cobalt sulfide, preparation and properties, 247 Coherent interface, vanadium oxide catalysts, 44f


355

INDEX Coherent intergrowth with extended defects, 44f Coherent microdomains, i n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s i n oxidation and reduction, 45 Commercial processes i n v o l v i n g z e o l i t e s , 264 Comparison of the alcohol y i e l d s , (Cu-Zn)O c a t a l y s t s , 305f, 306f Competitive adsorption on p a i r - s i t e s , magnetite, 328 Complex oxides, properties responsible f o r s e l e c t i v i t y and a c t i v i t y , 11 Constituent oxides, d i s t r i b u t i o n , (Ce-Mo-Te)O system, 90 C o n t r o l l e d atmosphere electron microscopy (CAEM), aluminasupported tungsten oxide, 167 Conversion rates, high, z e o l i t e channels, 263 Coordination polyhedra, bonding, r o l e i n determining c a t a l y t i c p r o p e r t i e s , 16 Coordination sphere, asymétrie oxygen, molybdate c a t a l y s t s , 66 Copper-zinc oxide c a t a l y s t s , a l k a l i promoted, low alcohol synthesis, 295-312 Cracking c a t a l y s t s , petroleum, z e o l i t e s , 263 C r i t i c a l molecular dimensions, hydrocarbons, f o r z e o l i t e s , 258,261 C r o s s - l i n k i n g experiments with NiSMM c l a y s , 286 Crystal chemistry, scheelite-type structures, 61 C r y s t a l modifications, oxide systems, variation in catalytic properties, 18 C r y s t a l s i z e , e f f e c t on z e o l i t e shape s e l e c t i v i t y properties, 268 C r y s t a l structure e f f e c t on t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e c a t a l y s t s , 224,225-228 magnetite, 319f Mo, and spectator oxo e f f e c t s , 31 C r y s t a l l i n e phase d i s t r i b u t i o n promoted (U-Sb)0 c a t a l y s t s , 77 XPD, (U-Sb)O c a t a l y s t s , 78 Crystallization pyrochlore from a l k a l i n e solution, 148 z e o l i t e s , 265 C r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c f i t , supported m u l t i component molybdates, 51f C r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c shear (CS) Ni-substituted bismuth molybdate, 194 n u c l e o p h i l i c i n s e r t i o n of oxygen i n t o hydrocarbon molecules, 3

D

Dealumination, m o d i f i c a t i o n of z e o l i t e s , 265,266 Decomposition, 2-propanol, 207 Defect structures, scheelite structure-type, 61 Dehydration, 2-propanol, 207 s e l e c t i v e , butanol, 263 Dehydrogenation, 2-propanol, 207 Desorption CO from Ru(001) surface, 340,342f deuterium from Ru(001) surface, 346f Deuterium, thermal desorption from Ru(001), 346f Dewaxing, z e o l i t e s , 264 Dibenzothiophene, HDS by t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e s , 223 D i f f r a c t i o n data, i r o n s u l f i d e samples, 260t Dioxo mechanism, m u l t i p l e , s e l e c t i v e oxidation, 32f Dioxo unit adjacent, Mo, e f f e c t on s e l e c t i v e oxidation process, 31 Mo r e l a t e d to propene a c t i v a t i o n , 33 s e l e c t i v e oxidation c a t a l y s i s , 66 Dipolar i n t e r a c t i o n , desorption of 2-propanol decomposition products from z i n c oxide, 215 Disorder, r o l e i n layered t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e c a t a l y s t s , 230-32 D i s s o c i a t i o n , CO, Ru(001) surface, 344 D i s t o r t i o n s , scheelite-type structures, 63 Double bonds, i s o l a t e d , r e a c t i v i t y and s e l e c t i v i t y of lead ruthenates, 158 Dynamics of the c a t a l y s t surface, 19

Ε

Edge planes, r o l e i n promoted t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e c a t a l y s t s , 228-30 E f f e c t i v e molar paramagnetic moment, promoted U-Sb c a t a l y s t s , 83 E l a s t i c s t r a i n s , reduction, i n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s , 47 E l e c t r o c a t a l y t i c properties and synthesis of nonstoichiometric ruthenate pyrochlores, 143 E l e c t r o l y t e - t y p e properties, z e o l i t e s , 262 Electromagnetic lenses, imperfections, HREM studies, 184



356

E l e c t r o n d i f f r a c t i o n patterns bismuth-niobium-tungstate, 196,198f Nb-substituted bismuth molybdate, 195f E l e c t r o n microscopy AEM, l o c a t i o n of Co atoms i n Co-Mo-S, 238 alkali-promoted (Cu-Zn)O c a t a l y s t , 301f (Cu-Zn)O c a t a l y s t s , 298f HREM (Bi-W-Mo)O and (Bi-W-Nb)O, 183 z e o l i t e s , 269 phases i n bismuth molybdo-tungstate, 190f-193f E l e c t r o n spectroscopy f o r chemical a n a l y s i s (ESCA) alumina-supported tungsten oxide, I68,170f c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n of a c t i v a t e d (V-Ti)0 c a t a l y s t s , 127 precursors, (V-Ti)0 systems, 123 tungsten f o i l , 170f (V-Ti)0 c a t a l y s t s , 122 Electron spin resonance studies (ESR) c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n of activated (V-Ti)0 c a t a l y s t s , 132 Mo a f t e r i n t e r a c t i o n with various atmospheres, 13 (V-Ti)0 c a t a l y s t s , 122 (V-Ti)0 fused powder mixtures, 126f E l e c t r o n t r a n s f e r complexes, z e o l i t e s , 262 Electronic states, relationship i n molybdenum s u l f a t e , 232 Electroorganic oxidation properties, Pb-substituted lead ruthenate, 157 E l e c t rooxi da t i ons lead ruthenate i n a l k a l i , 159f t y p i c a l , lead ruthenate i n a l k a l i , 159f E l e c t r o p h i l i c oxidation, d i s c u s s i o n , 4-7 Eley-Rideal k i n e t i c s , WGS on magnetite, 331 Ethylene, carbon l a y e r s on Ru(001) surface, 340 Evolution, oxygen, ruthenate pyrochlores, 155 Excess antimony, promoting e f f e c t , 83 Extended X-ray absorption f i n e structure (EXAFS), Co-Mo and Ni-Mo c a t a l y s t s , 236

F F e r r o e l a s t i c t r a n s i t i o n , molybdate c a t a l y s t s , 108

Ferromagnetic phase t r a n s i t i o n , various, ESR spectra of (V-Ti)0 c a t a l y s t precursors, 125 Free energy function, Bi-Ce c a t a l y s t s , 71 Free r a d i c a l type mechanism, z e o l i t e surface, 264 FTIR ammonia adsorbed onto NiSMM, 278f mechanism of methanol oxidation, 103 pyridine adsorbed onto NiSMM, 282f

G Glass-forming tendency, (Te-Mo)O, 92 G l y c o l s , cleavage by mixed metal oxides with pyrochlore structure, 161

H Heterogeneous c a t a l y s i s , s o l i d state mechanism, 57 Heterovalent s u b s t i t u t i o n , s c h e e l i t e structure-type, 61 n-Hexane, isomerization, NiSMM clay, 279 High conversion r a t e s , z e o l i t e channels, 263 High r e s o l u t i o n e l e c t r o n microscopy (HREM) Bi-Mo tungstate, 189-94 Bi-Nb oxide, 201f Bi-Nb tungstate, 196-99 B i tungstate, p o s s i b l e layer overlap, 200f Bi-W-Mo oxides and Bi-W-Nb oxides, 183 d i s c u s s i o n of technique, 184-88 Higher l i n e a r alcohols, suppression, alkali-promoted (Cu-Zn)O c a t a l y s t s , 309 Hybrid c r y s t a l s , s i n g l e phase c a t a l y s t s , 40 Hydrocarbons a c t i v a t i o n during oxidation, 6 mechanism of c a t a l y t i c oxidation, 5f Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) c a t a l y s t s a c t i v i t y as a function of BET surface area, t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e c a t a l y s t s , 226 binary t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e , 222-24 preparation and properties, 247 r o l e of promoter atoms, 235-244


357

INDEX

Hydrogen chemisorption, NiSMM clays, 279,285 Hydrogen peroxide species, intermediate i n electroreduction of oxygen, 155 Hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, e f f e c t on alkali-promoted (Cu-Zn)O c a t a l y s t s , 309 Hydroisomerization a c t i v i t y , NiSMM c l a y s , 275-90 p a r a f f i n s , NiSMM clays, 279 n-pentane, NiSMM c l a y s , 289 Hydrothermal and chemical treatments, modification of z e o l i t e s , 266

Iron oxide c a t a l y s t s — S e e Magnetite Iron s u l f i d e , preparation and properties, 247 Iron tungstate methanol oxidation, d i s c u s s i o n , 111 phase preparation steps, 109 I s o l a t e d double bonds, r e a c t i v i t y and s e l e c t i v i t y o f lead ruthenates, 158 Isomerization n-hexane, NiSMM c l a y , 279 mechanism, b i f u n c t i o n a l alkane, NiSMM c l a y , 279 NiSMM clay, 279 Isotherms, Langmuir, magnetite, 326f,327f,329f

I Κ Imaging, phase-contrast t r a n s f e r theory, HREM, 186 Imperfect nature of electromagnetic lenses, HREM studies, 184 I n s e r t i o n of oxygen, discussion, 11-16 Instrumental f a c t o r s , e f f e c t on HREM technique, 186 Interface, coherent, vanadium oxide c a t a l y s t s , 44f I n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s , on a c t i v i t y and s e l e c t i v i t y , 37 I n t e r f a c i a l region, Bi-Ce molybdate c a t a l y s t s , 69 Intergrowth (Bi-W)O bronze, m u l t i p l e s c a t t e r i n g i n HREM, l88f coherent with extended defects, 44f Intermediate hydrogen peroxide species, the e l e c t r o r e d u c t i o n o f oxygen, 155 I n t r a c r y s t a l l i n e channel-cavity-porecage system, z e o l i t e s , 262 Inverse magnetic s u s c e p t i b i l i t y , various s u l f i d e d alumina-supported Co-Mo c a t a l y s t s , 243f I o n i z a t i o n e f f e c t s , z e o l i t e s , 262 IR studies NiSMM clay, 279 NO absorption bands, s u l f i d e d alumina-supported Co-Mo c a t a l y s t s , 240f vanadium oxide and prereduced c a t a l y s t s , 133f (V-Ti)O c a t a l y s t s , 122,132 Iridium, r e a c t i o n s i n z e o l i t e s , 263 Iron-aluminum s e r i e s , c a t a l y s t preparation, 105 Iron molybdate system, various preparations, d i s c u s s i o n , 104,106

Ketones cleavage by mixed metal oxides with pyrochlore s t r u c t u r e , 161 e l e c t r o o x i d a t i o n by lead ruthenates, 158 K i n e t i c isotope e f f e c t , mechanism o f methanol oxidation, 103 K i n e t i c parameters, various, WGS on magnetite, 322t,331 K i n e t i c r e l a x a t i o n measurements, regenerative mechanism, WGS on magnetite, 317 K o e c h l i n i t e s t r u c t u r e , metal molybdates, 43

L

Langmuir isotherms, magnetite, 326f,327f,329f Langmuir-Hinshelwood k i n e t i c s , WGS on magnetite, 331 Laser Raman spectroscopy, aluminasupported tungsten oxide, aluminum tungstate, and tungsten oxide, 173f Lattice(s) magnetite, s u b s t i t u t i o n o f S i , 333 medium r e s o l u t i o n images, bismuth-nobium-tungstate, 196 t r a n s i t i o n metal oxide, r o l e i n mechanism of s e l e c t i v e oxidation, 11 L a t t i c e parameter v s . composition, nonstoichiometric ruthenate pyrochlores, I47f



358 L a t t i c e plane, surface, pattern common to mild oxidation c a t a l y s t s , 44f L a t t i c e rearrangements, during n u c l e o p h i l i c oxidation, 13 Layered t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e c a t a l y s t s , r o l e of disorder, 230-32 Lead amorphous ruthenate p r e c i p i t a t e , DTA trace, 150f e f f e c t on chromia-promoted magnetite, 332 Lead ruthenates alkali, typical electrooxidations, 159f amorphous, transformation i n t o c r y s t a l l i n e pyrochlore, I47f anion stoichiometry, 146 Lead-substituted lead ruthenates electroorganic oxidation properties, 157 r o t a t i n g r i n g disk experiments, 157 X-ray d i f f r a c t i o n patterns, 145 Lead-water system, potential-pH diagram, 150f Lenses, imperfect nature of electromagnetic, HREM studies, 184 Lewis and Bronsted a c i d i t i e s , NiSMM clays, 283 Linear alcohols, higher, suppression, alkali-promoted (Cu-Zn)O c a t a l y s t s , 309

M

Magnetic moment, unsupported Co-Mo-S c a t a l y s t , 242 Magnetic s u s c e p t i b i l i t y Co-Mo HDS c a t a l y s t s , 24l,243f vs. r e c i p r o c a l f i e l d , i r o n s u l f i d e samples, 253f t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e s , 251 Magnetite chromia-promoted adsorption of various C0-C0 gas mixtures, 325 summary of adsorption s i t e d e n s i t i e s , 330t competitive adsorption on p a i r - s i t e s , 328 c r y s t a l structure, 319f e f f e c t of s i l i c a on c a t a l y t i c a c t i v i t y , 333 oxygen transfer properties, 317-323 p a r t i c l e s i z e determinations, s i l i c a - s u p p o r t e d samples, 324t 2

Magnetite—Continued s o l i d state probes of

WGS

s i t e s , 332-336 s t r u c t u r a l and c a t a l y t i c properties, 314-323 s u b s t i t u t i o n of S i i n t o l a t t i c e , 333 t i t r a t i o n of surface s i t e s , 323 Maleic anhydride, oxidation of butane, 51f Mars and Van Krevelen mechanism, i n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s , 43 Medium r e s o l u t i o n l a t t i c e images, bismuth-niobium-tungstate, 196 Melting point, s i n g l e phase c a t a l y s t s , 40 Metal and a c i d functions, balance, NiSMM clays, 285 Metal molybdates, s t r u c t u r a l properties, 43 Metal oxide, mixed, with pyrochlore structure, discussion, 161 Metal oxide-support i n t e r a c t i o n , alumina-supported tungsten oxide, 177 Metal-oxygen bonds, oxysalts, 41 Metal-oxygen polyhedra, rearrangement i n n u c l e o p h i l i c oxidation, 13 M e t a l l i c s i t e s , NiSMM clays, 283 Methanol conversion to gasoline on z e o l i t e s , 264 e f f e c t of a l k a l i on y i e l d s , promoted (Cu-Zn)O c a t a l y s t s , 302f enhancement synthesis rate, a l k a l i promoted (Cu-Zn)O c a t a l y s t s , 303 oxidation molybdate and tungstate c a t a l y s t s , 103 various c a t a l y s t s , 111 toluene a l k y l a t i o n , z e o l i t e , 268 Methyl ester formation, methanol production by alkali-promoted (Cu-Zn)O c a t a l y s t s , 304 3-Methyl-5-ethylpyridine, oxidation, c a t a l y t i c performance of (V-Ti)O c a t a l y s t s , 137 Methylcyclopentane (MCP), isomerization on NiSMM clays, 279 Mica montmorillonite clay, Ni-substituted, hydroisomerization

a c t i v i t y , 275-90 M i c r o a c t i v i t y t e s t , standard, promoted (U-Sb)O c a t a l y s t s , 76 Microdomains, coherent, i n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s i n oxidation and reduction, 45 Mild oxidation c a t a l y s t s , thermodynamic and s t r u c t u r a l aspects of i n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s , 37


INDEX

359

Mixed metal oxides pyrochlore s t r u c t u r e , d i s c u s s i o n , 161 s t r u c t u r a l chemistry, HREM, 183 Molecular dimensions, c r i t i c a l , hydrocarbons f o r z e o l i t e s , 258 Molecular shape s e l e c t i v i t y , restricted transition-state, z e o l i t e s , 268 Molecular s h a p e - s e l e c t i v i t y , z e o l i t e c a t a l y s i s , 267 Molecular s i z e s , c r i t i c a l , hydrocarbons for z e o l i t e s , 261 Molybdate Bi-Ce, s e l e c t i v e oxidation, basis for c a t a l y t i c behavior, 57 dioxo unit propene a c t i v a t i o n , 33 s e l e c t i v e oxidation c a t a l y s i s , 66 Fe-Al, phase t r a n s i t i o n temperature, 110 Fe-Cr, atomic absorption, 110 methanol oxidation, 103,111 power rate law parameters, 114 r o l e i n s e l e c t i v e oxidation and ammoxidation o f propene, 23 supported multicomponent, c a t a l y t i c performances, 49 surface, mechanism of oxidation, 13 surface area, 108 Molybdate-oxygen distances, interatomic, 66 Molybdenum addition e f f e c t on c a t a l y t i c s e l e c t i v i t i e s , 87 e f f e c t on s t a b i l i t y o f promoted (U-Sb)O c a t a l y s t s , 86 Molybdenum oxide c a t a l y s t , dehydrogenation o f alcohols, 4 9 r e a c t i o n o f propylene and a l l y l iodide, 7 Molybdenum s u l f i d e , HDS a c t i v i t y , 226 Molybdenum-oxygen distances, molybdate c a t a l y s t s , 68 Monolayers, vanadium oxide, supported on anatase, 4 7 Morphology, z e o l i t e s , 269 Mossbauer emission spectroscopy (MES) Co-Mo HDS c a t a l y s t s , 241 magnetite, 3 3 4 f structure, Co-Mo and Ni-Mo c a t a l y s t s , 236 Multicomponent molybdates, supported, c a t a l y t i c performances, 4 9 Multiphase c a t a l y s t , a n a l y s i s , Bi-Ce molybdate, 69 M u l t i p l e dioxo mechanism, s e l e c t i v e oxidation, 3 2 f

M u l t i p l e e l a s t i c s c a t t e r i n g , e f f e c t on HREM technique, 186

Ν

Negative charge per unit c e l l , z e o l i t e framework, 258 Neutron diffractogram, bismuth molybdate, 59 Nickel-molybdenum c a t a l y s t s , r o l e o f promoter ions, 235-44 N i c k e l - s u b s t i t u t e d mica montmorillonite (NiSMM) clay, hydroi someri zat i on a c t i v i t y , 275-90 Nickel s u l f i d e , preparation and properties, 247 Niobium-substituted bismuth molybdate, HREM studies, 194-96,197f N i t r i c oxide, adsorption, Co-Mo-S c a t a l y s t s , 239 Nitrogen, e f f e c t on synthesis of ruthenate pyrochlores, 148 Nonpolar surface, z i n c oxide, decom p o s i t i o n of 2-propanol, 205-216 Nonstoichiometric pyrochlores, thermal s t a b i l i t y , 146 Nonstoichiometric ruthenate pyrochlores, synthesis and e l e c t r o c a t a l y t i c properties, 143 Novel z e o l i t e s , synthesis, 269 N u c l e o p h i l i c attack by oxide ions, a l l y l r a d i c a l s , 10 N u c l e o p h i l i c oxidation, discussion, 4-7

0

Occluded compounds, formation i n z e o l i t e s , 261 Octahedral sublayer, bismuth molybdate, 197f O f f r e t i t e , structure, 259f O l e f i n , cleavage by mixed metal oxides with pyrochlore structure, 161 O l e f i n ammoxidation, s e l e c t i v e , s o l i d s t a t e mechanism, 71 O l e f i n molecule, a c t i v a t i o n , 7-11 Optimum a c r y l o n i t r i l e y i e l d , (U-Sb-Ti)O c a t a l y s t , 80 Organic(s) discussion o f a c t i v a t i o n , 7-11 e l e c t r o o x i d a t i o n , mixed metal oxides with pyrochlore s t r u c t u r e , 143



360 Organic(s)—Continued rates of oxidation, lead ruthenate, I60f Organic cations, synthesis of new z e o l i t e s , 265 Oxidation a l k y l p y r i d i n e s , (V-Ti)0 systems, 121 butane to maleic anhydride, 51f c a t a l y t i c , of hydrocarbons, mechanism, 5f e l e c t r o p h i l i c and n u c l e o p h i l i c , discussion, 4 i n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s , 43 methanol, molybdate and tungstate c a t a l y s t s , 103 3-methyl-5-ethylpyridine, c a t a l y t i c performance of (V-Ti)O c a t a l y s t s , 137 propylene and a l l y l iodide, y i e l d of a c r o l e i n and carbon dioxide, 12f selective mechanistic s t u d i e s , 30 Mo dioxo u n i t s , 33 multiple dioxo mechanism, 32f propene to a c r o l e i n , 23 s o l u b i l i z e d unsaturates, 159f temperature-programmed CO on Ru(001) surface, 342f ethylene on Ru(001) surface, 341 Oxidation c a t a l y s t s , mild, thermodynamic and s t r u c t u r a l aspects of i n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s , 37 Oxidation p r o p e r t i e s , electroorganic, lead-substituted lead ruthenate, 157 Oxidation r a t e s , various organics, lead ruthenate, I60f Oxidation s t a t e , U i n promoted U-Sb c a t a l y s t s , 83 Oxides complex, properties responsible f o r s e l e c t i v i t y and a c t i v i t y , 11 constituent, d i s t r i b u t i o n , (Ce-Mo-Te)O system, 90 c r y s t a l modifications, v a r i a t i o n i n c a t a l y t i c properties, 18 mixed metal pyrochlore s t r u c t u r e , 161 s t r u c t u r a l chemistry by HREM, 183 rhenium oxide l i k e s t r u c t u r e s , 41 s t r u c t u r a l properties, 40 t r a n s i t i o n metal, c a t a l y s i s , 3 Oxidizing p o t e n t i a l , r e a c t i o n medium, e f f e c t on synthesis of ruthenate pyrochlores, 149 Oxo, spectator, e f f e c t on molybdenum c a t a l y s t s , 24-29 Oxygen asymétrie coordination sphere, molybdate c a t a l y s t s , 66

Oxygen—Continued chemisorption r e l a t e d to HDS a c t i v i t y , t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e c a t a l y s t s , 226 complex formation during oxidation reaction, 4 d i s c u s s i o n of i n s e r t i o n , 11-16 donation by the a c t i v e phase, 38 e f f e c t on synthesis of ruthenate pyrochlores, 148 e l e c t r o c a t a l y t i c properties, ruthenate pyrochlores, 151-57 evolution ruthenate pyrochlores, 155,156f various ruthenate pyrochlore c a t a l y s t s , 156f mechanism of i n s e r t i o n , 17f n u c l e o p h i l i c a d d i t i o n to hydrocarbon, 6 reduction ruthenate pyrochlores, 151,154f steady-state p o l a r i z a t i o n curves, ruthenate pyrochlores, 154f stoichiometry, mixed metal oxides with pyrochlore s t r u c t u r e , 161 surface, WGS on magnetite, 331 t r a n s f e r properties of magnetite, 317-323 transport, oxide c a t a l y s t s with rhenium oxide l i k e s t r u c t u r e s , 41 vacancies and shear planes i n molybdenum oxide s t r u c t u r e , 15f WGS regenerative mechanism, magnetite, 316 Oxygen-molybdate distances, interatomic, 66 Oxygen-polar surface, z i n c oxide, decomposition o f 2-propanol, 205-216 Oxysalts, s t r u c t u r a l s e r i e s of mild oxidation c a t a l y s t s , 41

Ρ

P a i r - s i t e s , competitive adsorption, magnetite, 328 Paraffins hydroisomerization, NiSMM c l a y , 279 s e l e c t i v e combustion, 263 Paramagnetic moment, e f f e c t i v e molar, promoted U-Sb c a t a l y s t s , 83 Paramagnetism, P a u l i , preparation of cobalt s u l f i d e , 250 P a r t i c l e d i s p e r s i o n , alumina-supported tungsten oxide, 178


361

INDEX

Particle size alumina-supported tungsten oxide, 177 (Cu-Zn)O, e f f e c t of a l k a l i doping, 296 molybdate c a t a l y s t s , 108 s i l i c a - s u p p o r t e d magnetite, 324t P a u l i paramagnetism, preparation o f cobalt s u l f i d e , 250 Peak temperatures, 2-propanol decomp o s i t i o n on various z i n c oxide surfaces, 210 n-Pentane, hydroisomerization on NiSMM clays, 289 P e r i o d i c trend, HDS of dibenzothiophene by t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e s , 223 Perox complexes, mechanism o f formation, 4 Petroleum cracking c a t a l y s t s , z e o l i t e s , 263 PH e f f e c t on rates of oxidation, lead ruthenates, 158 e f f e c t on synthesis o f ruthenate pyrochlores, 148 Phase(s) a c t i v i t y , binary t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e HDS c a t a l y s t s , 222 cerium-molybdenum oxide, formation sequence, 92 various, (Te-Ce)O subsystem, 92 Phase composition and c a t a l y t i c a c t i v i t y , propylene ammoxidation, 63 Phase contrast t r a n s f e r function, d i s c u s s i o n o f HREM technique, l85f, l87f theory o f imaging, HREM, 186 Phase problems, HREM, 184 Phase r e l a t i o n s h i p s , (Ce-Mo-Te)O system, 89 Phase-separated promoted s u l f i d e s , r o l e of s o l i d state chemistry, 229 Phase t r a n s i t i o n temperature, Fe-Al molybdate, 110 3-Picoline adsorption, vanadium oxide c a t a l y s t , 134 ammoxidation, c a t a l y t i c performance of (V-Ti)O c a t a l y s t s , 135 Platinum c a t a l y s t , 3 - p i c o l i n e adsorption, 134 Poisoning, NiSMM c l a y s , 279 Polar surfaces, z i n c oxide, decomposit i o n o f 2-propanol, 205 P o l a r i z a t i o n , steady-state, curves f o r oxygen reduction, ruthenate pyrochlores, 154f

Polyhedra, metal-oxygen, rearrangement i n n u c l e o p h i l i c oxidation, 13 Pore s t r u c t u r e , z e o l i t e s , 260 P o s i t i v e i o n secondary i o n mass spectrometry, CO on Ru(001) surface, 345f Power r a t e law parameters, molybdate c a t a l y s t s , 114 Pressure, e f f e c t on WGS on magnetite, 326f Product q u a n t i t i e s , 2-propanol decomposition on ZnO, 211 Product s e l e c t i v i t y , z e o l i t e s , 268 Promoted t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e c a t a l y s t s , r o l e o f edge planes, 228-30 Promoted uranium-antimony oxide c a t a l y s t s , s t r u c t u r e and a c t i v i t y , 75 Promoter atoms Co, l o c a t i o n i n MoS s t r u c t u r e , 240f r o l e i n Co-Mo and Ni-Mo c a t a l y s t s , 235-44 2-Propanol, temperature-programmed decomposition on z i n c oxide, 205-216 Propene adsorption, TPD r e s u l t s , 212,213f ammoxidation to a c r y l o n i t r i l e , 23 desorption, decomposition o f 2-propanol on various z i n c oxide surfaces, 212 s e l e c t i v e oxidation t o a c r o l e i n , 23 Propylene ammoxidation phase composition and c a t a l y t i c a c t i v i t y , 63 preferred c a t a l y s t , 75 e l e c t r o o x i d a t i o n by lead ruthenates, 157 oxidation a c r o l e i n , 45 y i e l d o f a c r o l e i n and carbon dioxide, 12f Pseudointercalation, t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e s , 229 Pulse reactor and steady s t a t e studies, mechanism o f methanol oxidation, 103 Pyridine adsorbed on NiSMM c l a y s , FTIR, 282f e f f e c t on conversion of MCP, 28lf,282f Pyrochlore(s) a l k a l i n e s o l u t i o n synthesis, 146 c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n from a l k a l i n e s o l u t i o n , 148 nonstoichiometric ruthanate, synthesis and e l e c t r o c a t a l y t i c


362


Pyrochlore(s)—Continued properties, 143 nonstoichiometric ruthenate, l a t t i c e parameter vs. composition, I47f thermal s t a b i l i t y of nonstoichiometric, 146 Pyrochlore s t r u c t u r e c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , 145 mixed metal oxides, d i s c u s s i o n , 161 synthesis method, 144

Ruthenate pyrochlores—Continued oxygen evolution, 155 oxygen reduction, 151 Ruthenium s u l f i d e , HDS a c t i v i t y , 226 Ruthenium t e t r o x i d e , r o l e i n mechanism of ruthenium pyrochlore c a t a l y s t s , 162 Ruthenium(001) surface, SIMS studies, structure and r e a c t i v i t y of carbon, 339-347 Ruthenium-water system, potential-pH diagram, 152f

R S Rag s t r u c t u r e , layered t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e c a t a l y s t s , 230 Raman spectroscopy, alumina-supported tungsten oxide, 171 Rates of o x i d a t i o n of various organics, lead ruthenate, l60f Reactant s e l e c t i v i t y , z e o l i t e s , 268 Reaction conditions, preparation of t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e s , 249t Reactor, preparation of Co-S, Ni-S, and Fe-S c a t a l y s t s , 249f Reduction, i n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s , 43 Reduction behavior, bulk tungsten oxide compared to alumina supported, 176 Reduction r e s i s t a n c e , aluminasupported tungsten oxide, 168 Regeneration, a c t i v e center, 16 Regenerative mechanism, WGS, magnetite, 315 R e s t r i c t e d t r a n s i t i o n - s t a t e molecular shape s e l e c t i v i t y , z e o l i t e s , 268 Rhenium oxide matrices, mild o x i d a t i o n c a t a l y s t s , 42f Rhodium, r e a c t i o n s i n z e o l i t e s , 263 Rotating r i n g disk experiments, l e a d substituted lead ruthenates, 157 Ruthenate(s) B i - s u b s t i t u t e d bismuth, synthesis, 149 Pb-substituted lead electroorganic oxidation properties, 157 r o t a t i n g r i n g disk experiments, 157 Ruthenate pyrochlores nonstoichiometric, l a t t i c e parameter vs. composition, I47f nonstoichiometric, synthesis and e l e c t r o c a t a l y t i c properties, 143 oxidizing potential, reaction medium, e f f e c t on synthesis, 149 oxygen e l e c t r o c a t a l y t i c properties, 151-157

Scanning e l e c t r o n microscopy (SEM) vanadium oxide c a t a l y s t , 128f (V-Ti)0 fused powder mixtures, 128f (V-Ti)0 systems, 123 Scattering, multiple e l a s t i c , effect on HREM technique, 186 Scheelite-derived s t r u c t u r e s , metal molybdates, 43 Scheelite-type structure, discussion, 6l,62f Secondary a l c o h o l s cleavage by mixed metal oxides with pyrochlore structure, 161 e l e c t r o o x i d a t i o n by lead ruthenates, 158 Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) ethylene on Ru(001) surface, 341 s t r u c t u r e and r e a c t i v i t y of carbon on Ru(001), 339-47 S e l e c t i v e ammoxidation, o l e f i n , s o l i d s t a t e mechanism, 71 S e l e c t i v e dehydration, butanol, 263 Selective oxidation mechanistic s t u d i e s , 30 Mo dioxo units, 33 S e l e c t i v i t y , c a t a l y t i c performance of (V-Ti)0 c a t a l y s t s , 135 Selectoforming, z e o l i t e s , 264 Shape s e l e c t i v i t y e f f e c t of the s i z e of the z e o l i t e grains, 267 z e o l i t e s , 263 Shear mechanism, c r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c , n u c l e o p h i l i c i n s e r t i o n of oxygen i n t o hydrocarbon molecules, 3 Shear planes formation i n rhenium oxide type structure, 12f and oxygen vacancies i n molybdenum oxide s t r u c t u r e , 15f S i l i c a , e f f e c t on magnetite c a t a l y t i c a c t i v i t y , 333


363

INDEX

S i l i c a binder, promoted (U-Sb)O c a t a l y s t s , 86 Silica-supported magnetite, p a r t i c l e size determinations, 324t S i n g l e c a t a l y t i c a c t i v e phases, i n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s , 49 Single-phase boundaries (Ce-Mo-Te)O, 96f (Ce-Te)O phases, 94f component oxides of (Ce-Mo-Te)O system, 91f (Te-Mo)O and (Ce-Mo)O phases, 93f Single-phase c a t a l y s t s a n a l y s i s , Bi-Ce molybdates, 63 thermodynamic and s t r u c t u r a l properties, 38 Single-phase products preparation, c o b a l t s u l f i d e , 250 s u l f i d e s , preparation, 250 S o d a l i t e , s t r u c t u r e , 259f S o l i d state chemistry alumina-supported tungsten oxide, 165 r o l e i n c a t a l y s i s , t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e s , 221-33 S o l i d s t a t e mechanism, s e l e c t i v e o l e f i n ammoxidation, 71 S o l i d s t a t e probes, a c t i v e WGS s i t e s , magnetite s t r u c t u r e , 332-336 S o l v e n t - l i k e properties, z e o l i t e s , 262 S p a t i a l arrangements, t y p i c a l , z e o l i t e s , 258 Spectator oxo e f f e c t s , molybdenum c a t a l y s t s , 24-29 Spherical aberration, electromagnetic lenses, HREM studies, 184 Spinel s t r u c t u r e , magnetite, 314 Steady-state and pulse reactor studies, mechanism of methanol oxidation, 103 Steady-state p o l a r i z a t i o n curves f o r oxygen reduction, ruthenate pyrochlores, 154f Stoichiometric samples, preparation, cobalt s u l f i d e , 250 Stoichiometry, anion, lead ruthenates, 146 S t r u c t u r a l aspects, i n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s , mild oxidation c a t a l y s t s , 37 S t r u c t u r a l changes, alumina-supported tungsten oxide, 175 S t r u c t u r a l e f f e c t s , Bi-Ce molybdate c a t a l y s t s , 57 S t r u c t u r a l properties magnetite, 314-323 oxide c a t a l y s t s , 40 Structure Co-promoted molybdenum s u l f i d e , 237

Structure—Continued c r y s t a l , magnetite, 319f molybdate c a t a l y s t s , 108 r e l a t e d to p r o p e r t i e s , z e o l i t e s , 262 various phases of bismuth-molybdo-tungstate, 189 Sulfides preparation o f single-phase products, 250 t r a n s i t i o n metal preparation and properties, 247 r o l e of s o l i d state chemistry i n c a t a l y s i s , 221-33 Superlattice structure bismuth-niobium-tungstate, 196 Ni-substituted bismuth molybdate, 194 Superoxo-complexes, mechanism o f formation, 4 Support(s), preparation o f t r a n s i t i o n metal oxides, 224 Support i n t e r a c t i o n , metal oxide, alumina-supported tungsten oxide, 177 Supported multicomponent molybdates, c a t a l y t i c performances, 49 Surface(s) molybdate c a t a l y s t , mechanism of oxidation, 13 zinc oxide decomposition o f 2-propanol, 214 schematic drawing, 206f Surface area e f f e c t on c a t a l y t i c a c t i v i t y o f ruthenate pyrochlores, 1565 e f f e c t on oxygen evolution, ruthenium pyrochlores, 155 molybdate c a t a l y s t s , 108 Surface concentration r a t i o s , atomic, alkali-promoted (Cu-Zn)O c a t a l y s t s , 299 Surface doping, (Cu-Zn)O c a t a l y s t , 296 Surface geometry e f f e c t on c a t a l y t i c properties, 3 molybdates, and s e l e c t i v e oxidation and ammoxidation of propene, 23 r o l e i n c a t a l y t i c a c t i v i t y , 16-18 Surface intermediates, WGS on magnetite, 316 Surface l a t t i c e plane, pattern common to mild oxidation c a t a l y s t s , 44f Surface oxygen, WGS on magnetite, 331 Surface s t r u c t u r e s , Mo, and spectator oxo e f f e c t s , 24 Swelling clays, c r o s s - l i n k i n g experiments, 286 Synergic p a i r s , t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e s , 229


364

SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY IN CATALYSIS Τ

Temperature, 2-propanol decomposition on various zinc oxide surfaces, 210 alumina-supported tungsten oxide, 177 c a l c i n a t i o n , e f f e c t on aluminasupported tungsten oxide, 178 desorption o f 2-propanol decomposi t i o n products, z i n c oxide, 214 magnetic s u s c e p t i b i l i t y , s u l f i d e s , 251 preparation o f t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e c a t a l y s t s , 224 rates of oxidation, lead ruthenates, 158 synthesis of ruthenate pyrochlores, 148 various ESR spectra o f (V-Ti)O c a t a l y s t precursors, 125 Raman studies of alumina-supported tungsten oxide, 175 Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), 2-propanol decomposition, z i n c oxide surfaces, 208,209f acetone on zinc oxide, 213f Temperature-programmed oxidation CO on Ru(001) surface, 342f ethylene on Ru(001) surface, 341 Ternary compounds, formation, (Ce-Mo-Te)O system, 95 Tetravalent metals, s u b s t i t u t i o n i n (U-Sb)O c a t a l y s t s , 75 Thermal dealumination, modification of z e o l i t e s , 266 Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) CO, Ru(001) surface, 340,342f deuterium from Ru(001), 346f structure and r e a c t i v i t y of carbon on Ru(001), 339-47 Thermal s t a b i l i t y , nonstoichiometric pyrochlores, 146 Thermodynamic aspects of i n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s , mild oxidation c a t a l y s t s , 37 Thermodynamic e f f e c t s , Bi-Ce molybdate c a t a l y s t s , 57 Thermodynamic properties, s i n g l e phase c a t a l y s t s , 38 Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e s , 250 Thermogravimetric a n a l y s i s (TGA), alumina-supported tungsten oxide, 167

Three-layer sheet a l u m i n o s i l i c a t e s , hydroisomerization a c t i v i t y , 275 Time-of-flight (TOF) powder neutron d i f f r a c t i o n data, bismuth molybdate, 58 T i n s u b s t i t u t i o n , (U-Sb)O c a t a l y s t s , 79 Titanium s u b s t i t u t i o n i n (U-Sb)O c a t a l y s t s , 78,80 s u b s t i t u t i o n e f f e c t on c a t a l y t i c a c t i v i t y , 86 Titanium oxide anatase, promoting e f f e c t , 48f Toluene a l k y l a t i o n by methanol, z e o l i t e , 268 disproportionation on z e o l i t e s , 264 Topotactic decomposition, i n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s , 43 Topotactic reduction, vanadium oxide c a t a l y s t , 45 T r a n s i t i o n metal ion, reactions i n z e o l i t e , 263 T r a n s i t i o n metal oxides catalysis, 3 r o l e o f l a t t i c e s i n mechanism of s e l e c t i v e oxidation, 11 T r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e s preparation and properties, 224,247 r o l e o f s o l i d s t a t e chemistry i n c a t a l y s i s , 221-33 T r a n s i t i o n temperature, phase, Fe-Al molybdate, 110 T r a n s i t i o n - s t a t e molecular shape selectivity, restricted, z e o l i t e s , 268 Transmission electron micrographs (TEM), c r o s s - l i n k i n g i n NiSMM clays, 289 Tungstate, methanol oxidation, discussion, 103,111 Tungsten f o i l , ESCA spectra, 170f Tungsten oxide alumina supported CAEM, 167 ESCA spectra, 170f l a s e r Raman spectroscopic studies, 171,178 metal oxide-support i n t e r a c t i o n , 177 p a r t i c l e dispersion, 177,178 reduction resistance, 168 s o l i d state chemistry, 165 TGA, 167 l a s e r Raman spectra, 173f various structures, I4f


365

INDEX υ Unsupported Co-Mo c a t a l y s t s , preparation, 236 Uranium, o x i d a t i o n s t a t e , promoted (U-Sb) c a t a l y s t s , 83 Uranium-antimony oxide c a t a l y s t s , promoted, s t r u c t u r e and a c t i v i t y , 75

V

Vanadium addition e f f e c t on s t a b i l i t y of promoted (U-Sb)O c a t a l y s t s , 86 improve c a t a l y s t s t a b i l i t y , 87 content i n various (V-Ti)O c a t a l y s t s , 124 Vanadium oxide c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , 121 coherent i n t e r f a c e , 44f composition, (V-Ti)O c a t a l y s t s , 131f CS mechanism i n transformation, 46f monolayers, supported on anatase, 47 3-picoline adsorption, 134 reduction, i n t e r f a c i a l e f f e c t s , 47 Vanadium-titanium oxide system, methods of preparation, 121 Variable cation stoichiometry, ruthenate pyrochlores, 161 V a r i a b l e oxygen stoichiometry, mixed metal oxides with pyrochlore structure, 161

W

Water desorption, decomposition of 2-propanol on various z i n c oxide surfaces, 212 Water gas s h i f t (WGS) c a t a l y s t s , 314 magnetite, mechanisms, 314-323

X

X-ray powder d i f f r a c t i o n (XRD) alkali-promoted (Cu-Zn)O c a t a l y s t s , 299 c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n of a c t i v a t e d (V-Ti)O c a t a l y s t s , 129 c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f molybdate c a t a l y s t s , 107 c r o s s - l i n k i n g i n NiSMM c l a y s , 289 c r y s t a l l i n e phases detected by, (U-Sb)0 c a t a l y s t s , 78 NiSMM clays, 2 8 l f p a r t i c l e s i z e s , e f f e c t of a l k a l i doping, 297 precursors, (V-Ti)O systems, 123 Sn-substituted (U-Sb)0 c a t a l y s t s , 79 t r a n s i t i o n metal s u l f i d e s , 250 (V-Ti)O c a t a l y s t s , 122 Xylene isomerization, z e o l i t e s , 264

Ζ Zeolites chemistry of c a t a l y s i s , 257-71 d e f i n i t i o n , 258 synthesis conditions, 265 synthesis of novel, 269 various frameworks, 259f Zinc oxide c r y s t a l surfaces, various, schematic drawing, 206f powder, propene adsorption, 212 product q u a n t i t i e s i n 2-propanol decomposition, 211 temperature-programmed decomposition of 2-propanol, 205-216 Zn-polar surface, decomposition of 2-propanol, 205-216 Zirconium s u b s t i t u t i o n , (U-Sb)O c a t a l y s t s , 79,80 ZSW-11 morphology, 269 structure, 259f ZSM-5 morphology, 269 structure, 259f


Solid State Chemistry in Catalysis

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