R. W. Bates, Armour, presents the AOCS cup to A. G. Thompson, Jr., Southern Cotton Oil, while C. L·· Manning, tvho accepted certificates for D, C. Melear and N. C. Hammer, of Ft. Worth and Southwestern Laboratories, respectively; E. R. Hahn, Hahn Laboratories; Ε. Η. Tenent. Woodson-Tenent; and E. G. Williams, consultant, look on
South Carolinians Take M S Awards A. STAFF A.
SOUTH. CAROLINIAN again won
the
American Oil Chemists' Society cup for the highest proficiency in the determina tion of oil and nitrogen. This year 11 was the 1948 second place winner—A. G. Thompson, Jr., of the Southern Cotton Oil Co.'s Columbia, S. C , plant. Ε. K. Hahn, of the Hahn Laboratories at Co lumbia, took second place and these two tied in the determination of oil. In ni trogen determination Mr. Thompson tied with λ. C. Summers, South Caro lina's state chemist. Winners in. mois ture determination were D. C. Melear. Ft. Worth Laboratories, first place, and D. B. Mclsaacs, Kershaw (S. C.) Oil Mill and N. C. Hamner, Southwestern Laboratories, tied for second. A con siderable improvement in moisture re sults was noted, with 60.63% of the collaborators coming within the toler ance. (Some of this improvement may be due t o the new system of reporting only to the first decimal place, however.) The subcommittee on oilseed meal voted to reduce the number of samples sent out next year to 15. First place winners in the oilseed series were Mr. Hahn for cottonseed, Ε. Η. Tenent, Woodson-Tenent Laboratories, for soya beans, and T. B . Caldwell, Law and Co., for peanuts. No certificates were awarded for peanuts since the re sults are still too erratic. Certificates were awerded for the first time on anal ysis of crude vegetable oils, first place going to C. A. Lathrop of Curtis and Tompkins, Ltd., and second to E. G. Williams, New Orleans consultant. Results on two samples sent out this year by the new subcommittee on tallow and grease were not considered too bad, but it was felt that improvement is needed, especially in the reading of color. The AOCS Oil Color Committee, which a t the 1948 New Orleans meeting 1586
REPORT
the extractor section is a chain con veyor in a looped tube rather than a horizontal screw conveyor- Less than ϊ°λ of oil is left in the meal using this equip ment, and it has been determined that not enough trichloroethylene is left in the oil (less than 50 p.p.m. by pyridinecaustic soda determination) to poison catalysts used later in processing. Carry ing the subject on t o processing, F . A. Ν orris, £"wift and Co., reported data indicating that, contraiy t o some beliefs, oil extracted with trichloroethylene cart be hydrogenated, experiments having been carried out in the Swift Labora tories on oil containing as much as 0.059V solvent. Better stripping of the solvent must be attained, however, and in hy drogénation of large quantities a longer time and increased quantities of catalyst are required. Continuation of previous studies on rice bran oil was reported from the Southern Regional Research Laboratory. J. R. Loeb presented data showing storage of rice bran at a low moisture content to be the most effective means of reducing hydrolysis of t h e bran oil, and C . E. Swift discussed stability and processing characteristics of rice bran oils, the most outstanding characteristic being the exceptional stability C350 hours average) after hydrogénation. Losses during refining by the laboratory cup method were greater than that allowed for cottonseed oil, and the Lovibond color on samples ranged both above and below that for cottonseed- Iodine numbers were low (between that for peanut and cottonseed oil), confirming that rice bran oil is definitely a nondrying type Experiments in determing the glyceride composition of soybean oil, described by H . J. Dutton of the Northern Regional Research Laboratory, gives preliminary indication that this oil does not follow an even distribution pattern (as do corn oil glycerides, for instance), since the iodine values are lower than those permitted under the even distribution rule, and disaturates and dilino-
was considering the spectrophotometrie measurement of optical density as a sub stitute for the Lovibond red color in the determination of oil and fat colors, made a definite recommendation in its report that the society adopt such a method using readings at 025 and./or 550 milli microns (m/x). The largest number of technical papers was devoted to the very timely subject of solvent extraction. W. D . Harris, Texas A&M, reported the extraction of freshly milled rice wTith hot isopropyl alcohol solution. After concentration of the miscella, there separated from the oil a sugar sirup phase containing the vitamins biotin, folic acid, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, thiamin, niacin, and inositol. Reporting further work on the use of isopropyl alcohol in cottonseed extraction, J. W. Hayward, also of Texas A&M, showed pilot plant tests indicating that it is possible to separate the oil from fatty acid and nonoil constituents of the miscella by l i q u i d - l i q u i d exy. C Mehlcnbacher, Swift and Co., accedes to traction. the presidency with the congratulation» of C P . On the subject Long of Procter & Gamble, retiring president of trichloroethylene e x t r a c t ion, new equipment for small tonnage extraction was described by L. K. Arnold of Iowa State College. This equipment, which will be manufactured commercially with a maximum capacity of 25 tons per day, differs from the Detrex unit described a t the 1948 meeting principally in that CHEMICAL
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ENGINEERING
NEWS
lenin occur. Development of more efficient fractionation methods may confirm this belief. J. C . Arthur,, Jr.., Southern Regional Research Laboratory, who presented a paper in 1948 o n pilot plant manufacture of peanut protein, discussed this protein rom the standpoint of industrial utilization, reviewing procedures for evaluating it for such uses as adhesives, paper coating, water-thinned paints, and fibers. Another subject related to use of peanuts was that of Audrey T . Gros, also of that laboratory, who discussed the manufacture of synthetic fats from peaout oil by both alcoholysis and ester interchange reactions. He found that alcoholysis using an excess of the methyl and ethyl esters of the peanut oil fatty acids would produce about 90% triglycerides, with lithium and barium hydroxides or sodium ethylate being the best catalysts. The ester interchange method, using sodium methoxide as catalyst with triacetin and methyl or ethyl monoesters, was found not to approach completion as previously reported .in the literature. Studies u p to the present on the identity of long-chain aliphatic compounds in the fruit-coat fat of the sumac Rhus succedena L. have been inconclusive, and H . A. Schuette of the University of Wisconsin discussed work by himself and R . M. Christensen, identifying 1, 18-octadecane- and 1, 20-eicosanedicarboxylic acid as present. Also in the field of composition determination, S. A. Hussain of the Southern Regional Research Laboratory found the fatty acid composition of the 46% oil from the kernel of lalob fruit to be 38.4% linoleic, 35.2% oleic, and 21.4% saturated acids. H. M . Teeter, Northern Regional Research Laboratory, reporting further work on the polymerization of drying oils, said that in the condensation of methyl linoleate with itaconic and citraconic anhydrides the volatile products appeared to be adducts containing one mole each of the compounds., and the nonvolatile com-
Evald Skau, SRRL, back in active attendance at meetings9 after several year» illness, chats with L. H. Drachma** of Marco Chemical
F. P. Khym, super in tendent ο / Anderson9 Clayton s new plant at Monterrey9 Mexico, with Mr· and Mrs, E. C· Ainslie· Mr, Ainslie, of Buck eye Cotton Oil, will be chair man of the 1950 spring meeting ponents appeared to be polymeric adducts. In another paper the speaker showed that the reaction, products of tert-butyl hypochlorite -with methyl oleate are a mixture of a n allylic chloride, a nonallyic rnonochloride, a saturated dichloride, and methyl oleate. Re-examining previous data, A. E. Bailey, the Girdler Corp., showed that a change from "selective" to "nonselective" conditions in fatty oil hydrogénation not only has an appreciable effect on the relative reaction rates of linolenic and linoleic acids and also of isolinoleic and oleic acids, but also alters the relative reactivities of t h e two groups of acids. I n discussing the influence of processing on the spectral properties of vegetable oils, R. T. O'Connor, Southern Regional Research Laboratory, gave a summar}' of the spectral interpretation of
Foreign members at the meeting: 1. T. Barfod of Copenhagen, currently studying methods at Blue Plate Foods; Per Soltoft, of the Danish Soya Cake Factory; S. A· Hassain, from India9 and Pierre Budowski, of the Venezuelan Ministry of Agriculture
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preformed conjugation and suggested more emphasis on direct methods of measuring certain constituents (such as sesamol in sesame oil) by directly meas uring absorption. He pointed out that the several pigments present in oils act differently in the various steps of proc essing and that pheophytin is responsible for the green color in many oils, rather than chlorophyll as is generally held. Further studies on the gossypol con tent of cottonseed by the Southern R e gional Research Laboratory indicated that in storage, emphasis must be put on nongossypol pigments. Walter Pons, Jr., of the same laboratory, in another paper discussed a modification of the aniline method for determination of free gossy pol, using a novel acetone extraction and reaction with p-anisidine, an easily prepared and more reproducible reagent. I n answer to the need for a stirrertype pressure appartus, R. J . Vander Wal of Armour & Co. described a vessel which can b e operated at pressures up to 1,000 pounds per square inch and into which gas may be admitted under pres sure and liquid and gaseous samples may be removed during operation. Results of the election found C. P. Long of Procter & Gamble handing over the presidential gavel "to V. C. Mehlenbachcr, Swift and Co. New vicepresident is J. R. Mays, Jr., Barrow-Agee Laboratories, Inc. H . L. Roschen, Swift, and J. J. Vollertsen, Armour, were re-elected secretary and treasurer, respectively. Membersat-large of the governing board are A. E. Bailey, the Girdler Corp., T. H. Hopper, Southern Regional Research Laboratory, and L . B. Parsons, Lever Brothers. 1587
