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Speciation of Mercury in Selected Areas of the Petroleum Value Chain Astrid Avellan, John Stegemeier, Ke Gai, James G Dale, Heileen Hsu-Kim, Clément Levard, Dennis O'Rear, Thomas P Hoelen, and Gregory V. Lowry Environ. Sci. Technol., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05066 • Publication Date (Web): 11 Dec 2017 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on December 14, 2017
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Environmental Science & Technology
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Speciation of Mercury in Selected Areas of the Petroleum Value Chain
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Astrid Avellan1,2, John Stegemeier1,2, Ke Gai1,2, James Dale2,3, Heileen Hsu-Kim2,4, Clément Levard2,5 ,Dennis O’Rear6, Thomas P. Hoelen6, Gregory V. Lowry1,2*
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[email protected] 119 Porter hall, Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA.
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 3 Virginia Tech, Geological and Environmental Science, Blacksburg, VA 4 Duke University, Civil & Env. Eng., Durham, NC 5 Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, IRD, Coll. France, CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France. 6 Chevron Energy Technology Company, Richmond CA 94802 2
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Revised manuscript submitted to:
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Environmental Science & Technology
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ACS Paragon Plus Environment
Environmental Science & Technology
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Abstract
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Petroleum, natural gas, and natural gas condensate can contain low levels of mercury (Hg).
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The speciation of Hg can affect its behavior during processing, transport, and storage so
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efficient and safe management of Hg requires an understanding of its chemical form in oil,
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gas and byproducts. Here, X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the Hg
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speciation in samples of solid residues collected throughout the petroleum value chain
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including stabilized crude oil residues, sediments from separation tanks and condensate
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glycol dehydrators, distillation column pipe scale, and biosludge from wastewater treatment.
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In all samples except glycol dehydrators, metacinnabar (β-HgS) was the primary form of Hg.
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Electron microscopy on particles from a crude sediment showed nano-sized (
