BOOK REVIEWS engineers in solving transport problems are coupled with overall (macroscopic) balances t o resolve practical problems. This treatment is effective because the reader has heen alerted to the necessity of these approximations and to the basis of thc empirical relationships (usually in the form of a dimensional analysis). -9s previously noted, "Transport Phenomena" is unique in its mode of presentation, in its depth of coverage, and in its iundamental approach. Undoubtedly, this text will be widely adopted for classroom use and will serve as a standard in the development of chemical enginewing texts in other arean. ROBERTS. SCHECHTER University of Tezas Austin
Spot Tests in Organic Analysis
Frilz Feigl, University of Brazil. Tramlsted by Ralph E. Oesper,retired, University of Cincinnati, Ohio. Elnevier Publishing Company, 1960. Distributed in the U. S. by D. Van Nosbrand Co., Inc., Princeton, New Jersey. xx +675 pp. Figs. and tables. 16.5 X 23 em. $13.25. Spot testa for organic compounds were first presented only briefly in the earlier edit,ions of Feigl's "Spot Tests"; and it was not until the fourth edition appeared in 1954 t h a t this subject afisumed sufficient importanre to be treated in 8. separate volume, u-hich was given the title, "Spot Tests in Organic Analysis." 80 great was the interest in this compruratively new field of analpsis that two years later, in 1956, a n ~ wand enlarged fifth edition containing much new material was published; and now in 1960 a sixth edition has appeared. Ae aresult oi extended studies prompted hy the a,ide acceptance of the 1956 edition, Professor Feigl has introduced many n e a proredurea hased on pyroly~isreaetlons. He has shown that many such reartions lead to the formation of products which can readily he detected with high sensitivity, and which are st the same time ehsraeteristic for certain starting mnterials. Such reactions include hydrolytic and ammonolytic cleavages, displacement, condensations, and redox reactions which occur when organic compounds are melted or rintered wit,h suitable reactants. A careful study oi these new or comparat,ively unknox-n resetions has resulred in
paring a new edition. The arrangement of the material ip essentially the same as in the previous editions. The deficription of numerous proredores and the chemical principles upon which they are based, together with extensive literature references, are prpamtrd. The first chapter deals with the devrlopment, present state, and prospects
(Continued on page A642) Volume 38, Number 9, September 1961
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BOOK REVIEWS of organic spot test analysis, and by reference to the more recent findings indicates the guiding principles which have proved useful in the search for new tests. There has been no significant change in Chapter 2 on Spot Test Techniques. Chapter 3 on Preliminary (Exploratory) Tests has been expanded considerably, and the number of secbions increased from 25 to 32. The number of tests for functional groups (Chapter 4) has been increased from 49 to 70, and the number of tests for individual compounds (Chapter 5) has been increased from 78 t o 133. The applications of these methods to the testing of
materials (Chapter 6) ha8 been approximately doubled with 111 sections, instead of 62. Altogether, this new edition describes and discusses nearly 600 tests in contrast t o 386 in the 1956 edition. In order ta prevent the new edition from becoming too large the author has resorted to rather extensive deletions, abridgements, and typographical simplifications. I n spite of this the size of the book has increased from 616 to 675 pages. Perhaps no chemist has a greater knowledge of chemical reaotions than Professor Feigl, and this knowledge is clearly reflected in the material presented in this book. I t should be emphasized that it is more than a manual for the practical identification of organic compounds, ill-
though it brilliantly fulfills this function. The reactions, and the principles upon which these reactions are based in applying them as spot tests, are fully presented with great clarity. Accordingly, this book should be of wide interest because it frequently provides valuable suggestions for non-analytical studies. It is designed not only for professional analysts, organic chemists, biologists, and forensic chemists who are concerned with solving analytical problems on a. micro-scale. but also for teachers of ehemistry. Organic chemistry laboratory courses have e~periallybeen considered,
FRANKJ. WELCHER Indiana University Indianapolis
Qualitative Analysis a n d Analytical Chemical Separations Philip W. West and Maurice M. Vick, hoth of Louisiana. State University. 2nd ed. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1959. xv 302 pp. 22 figs. 14.5 X21.5 cm. $4.50.
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The second edition of this text is aimed a t hoth the sophomore course in quitlitative analysis and the second semester studies of the same subject incorporated in a general chemistry course for freshmen. For greater usefulness a t the freshman level, some subiects were treated in more detail than in the first edition: Part I on experimental procedures was revised to take into account several years' pmct i e d experience with the new separation scheme and enriched with a new section on spot tests. Part I1 on fundamental theory is essentially unchanged. A whole 60-page section was added and forms the new part 111 of the book on metals, yetallurgy, and reactions of the metal Ions. Also added were sections on mathematical operations. The outatanding merit of this text is unquestionably the detailed presentation of a. new and workable cation s e p a r h o n scheme which is radically different from the traditional 110-year old Runsen-Fresenius method of sulfide separation. After a chloride precipitation of two cations follows a "basic hensoate group" i.e. a controlled-pH precipitation of six cations with oxidation state 3 or 4, which is a much improved version of the timehonored basic acetate separation. Then, with the p H still on the acid side, a "fluoride group" of five cations is separated followed by an alkaline precipitation of seven cations &6 a "non-amphoteric group," leaving in a find solution three amphoteric ions. A most valuable addition t o the 8yp tematic separation scheme are the sections on reactions of individual cations which one finds throughout part I of the hook, one for each cation. They are written in form of experiments t o be made with knowns, interspemed with some exquisite little spotlights on inorganic chemistry and on special methods of analytical chemistry, which testify to the authors' rich erperiencr in tllia field. (Cntinued a page A644)
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