EDUCATION
Student award winners speak out Winners of 1968 C&EN merit awards voice opinions on the war, the draft, student protest, drugs, science and society
In a year of increasingly intense protest by students against activities and alleged injustices in their colleges, their country, and society, C&EN's editors have become very curious about the opinions of chemistry and chemical engineering students. As the protests mounted over the past month, the announcement of the 13 undergraduate winners of the 1968 C&EN Merit Awards provided an opportunity to survey and report on student opinion. Each award winner was contacted and interviewed by telephone. Each of three interviewers had the same series of questions on key issues and problems facing science students. But not every question was asked in each case as students spoke freely of their interests, activities, and most important, their concerns. Who are the student winners? Each was chosen for high scholastic achievement and demonstrated accomplishment in extracurricular activities. Faculty members and advisers of ACS student affiliate chapters nominate and second candidates; C&EN's advisory board then screens and judges the candidates. Academically, 11 winners have majored in chemistry; two will receive degrees in chemical engineering. Geographically, three attend eastern schools, two are in the South, four in the Midwest, and four in the West. Large universities or colleges claim eight winners. Another four go to medium-sized schools, while one attends a small college. One major change from merit award groups in past years is that four young women were named this year. All four majored in chemistry. Also significant are their plans for advanced degrees and career choice. All but one plan to go on for either a Ph.D. or an M.D. One will go to divinity school. Most significant, however, is the fact that only one student wants to work in industry. And he qualifies this choice by saying he wants to try college teaching after several years in industry.
The need of Negroes for a distinct identity is as real as their need to be accepted as equals by whites Trudy Porter, Northwestern University, Evanston, III., chemistry. Scholastic average: 3.78/4.00 cumulative to date. Participated for three summers in undergraduate research which included work on constructing an adequate theory for predicting energy transfer cross sections for collisions of polyatomic molecules. Presidential scholar, Honorary National Merit scholar, Northwestern University scholarship and Otto Graham scholarship for three years; nominee for Wood row Wilson fellowship; Northwestern University Mortar Board award for highest scholastic average among freshman women; dean's list for eight quarters. Member of Phi Beta Kappa, Alpha Lambda Delta (vice president), Mortar Board; vice president of Shi-Ai (sophomore women's honorary). Member of Alpha Omicron Pi social sorority (scholarship officer, treasurer, assistant treasurer). President of Associated Women Students, 1967; member of Council on Undergraduate Life 48 C&EN MAY 20, 1968
The University prostitutes itself when it participates in biological or chemical warfare research Kenneth W. Frank, Harvey Mudd College, chemistry. Scholastic average: 3.82/4.00. Participated in summer research on effects of various gonadotropins on sex behavior of rats and also worked on preparing selectively labeled primary alcohols for an acid-catalyzed solvolytic rearrangement. Dean's list, letter of commendation from humanities department for work done 1964-65 and 1965-66. Freshman basketball; judiciary board; in charge of freshman orientation program; college church board; vice president of student body; in charge of residence hall; Student-Faculty Committee; chairman of University Christian Movement
Vietnam. The draft. Protests. Drugs. Social consciousness and action. Science and society. These are some of the major concerns for today's science students. What are they saying on these subjects? What action are they taking? The candid comments made by the award winners to C&EN (see box) cannot represent more than the opinions of a small, but outstanding, segment of chemistry and chemical engineering students. But, as one student, Rodney Levine of Stanford University, said at the end of an interview, a story on the views of just this small group might give chemistry professors a better idea of what students are thinking. "Most," he says, "have no idea what their students do or think about once they leave class."
Vietnam The war and the effect it may have on their lives and careers—this stands out above all other issues in the minds of the award winners. Only one clearly says he is a hawk. Six take a middle-of-the-road stance. Six are vociferously doves. Most favor the recent moves toward a negotiated peace. "Make up our minds to quit or fight." "Morally indefensible." "Moral commitment justified if . . . " "Negotiate with the National Liberation Front." "Get out as soon as we can." These are some of the remarks made. Phillip Davis of Colorado State University, Fort Collins, possibly speaks for those in the middle when he says that power politics, not democratic ideals, is our reason for fighting.
Engineers try to broaden themselves but few, if any, humanities majors attempt to find out what engineering is all about
or social
science
Harold R. Warner, Jr., Iowa State University of Science and Technology, chemical engineering. Scholastic average: 3.89/4.00. Participated in honors program research in biomedical engineering where he studied simulation of the human respiratory system using analog and digital computer techniques. Dean's list, recipient of Standard Oil (Calif.) and Goodyear scholarships. Member of Phi Eta Sigma (treasurer), Omega Chi Epsilon (president), Pi Mu Epsilon, Tau Beta Pi, Phi Lambda Upsilon. Treasurer of Triangle social fraternity; member of Alpha Chi Sigma. Festival Chorus for three years; Oratorio Choir for four years; engineering student advisory committee; problems of increased enrollment commission; treasurer of American Institute of Chemical Engineers; intramural sports
The cha//enge is to relate science to people. I'd like to write and tell the man who watches TV and drinks beer what science means Gregory C. Farrington, Clarkson College of Technology, Potsdam, N.Y., chemistry. 3.75/4.00 average; dean's list every semester. Summer research in polymers with General Electric Silicones, Waterford, N.Y. Currently working on thesis concerning molecular orbital calculations on various substituted selenanthrenes. Served as teaching assistant in freshman, sophomore, and summer institute laboratories for two years; Clarkson scholar (4 years); was photo editor, managing editor, and editor-in-chief of Clarkson Integrator (college newspaper); member church choir, Inter-College Committee, photo club, ACS student affiliate; political commentator on college FM radio station. Received American Institute of Chemists Award; honorable mention in National Science Foundation fellowship competition; Clarkson nominee for Rhodes Scholarship; Pi Delta Epsilon; Gamma Sigma Epsilon MAY 20, 1968 C&EN 49
He calls our present policy ineffective, but he admits he sees no alternative. And perhaps the remarks of Kenneth Frank of Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, Calif., who plans a career in the ministry of the United Church of Christ, sum up the views of those seeking peace. "The war," he says, "is the most overriding moral issue today. It is an immoral, unjust, and politically absurd war."
T h e draft Much of the thinking of these students eventually turns to their own situation—how will they fare under a policy change that makes everyone draftable except those studying for the ministry and medicine. All but one of the winners oppose this change. Sample
comments are "ridiculous." "Quite shortsighted." "The worst mistake our country ever made." Beyond these comments, however, several ideas and issues emerge. Discrimination is one issue. Grady Smith of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, favors deferring all graduate students. "Discrimination by major field of interest," he says, "is no worse than discrimination by marital status or any other criterion." Robert Shimshak of Rutgers argues that the draft is not the place to fight inequities at the cost of national well-being. These inequities should be fought at their roots—in the ghetto, in the home. Another view, voiced by Donald Kelsey of Central Missouri State College, Warrensburg, and others, is that the change in the draft policy will cre-
ate a scientific and technical manpower shortage. Like Grady Smith, Donald Kroodsma, and several others, he supports a draft policy that exempts graduate students. A definite alternative, the lottery system, is suggested by several students. For example, Trudy Porter of Northwestern University, Evanston, 111., believes that a lottery for all 19year-old men is the only equitable system.
Protests and drugs No one who reads or watches TV can be unaware of two key concerns of campus life today: student protests and drugs. What are the attitudes of this year's award winners on these issues?
The University offers greater freedom of research topics than industry does
Classified research has a place in the university . . . but I would want to plan the direction of such research and have a say in releasing results to the Government Carol J. Galles, Immaculate Heart College, Los Angeles, Calif., chemistry. Scholastic average: 3.86/4.00 cumulative. Participant in two NSF and one Atomic Energy Commission summer research programs. Worked on kinetics of redox reaction of peroxydisulfate (results to be published). California State, Ebell, and Immaculate Heart scholarships. Outstanding freshman medal. Immaculate Heart nominee for Woodrow Wilson and Danforth fellowships. Dean's list every semester. Alumni service medal. Listed in "Who's Who in American Colleges and Universities." President (one year) and secretarytreasurer (one year) of ACS student affiliate. Nominated for membership in Sulfur Chapter of lota Sigma Pi, honorary society for women in chemistry. Chairman of Red Cross Community Service Committee. Member of Los Angeles Red Cross College Board. Held various Red Cross offices 50 C&EN MAY 20, 1968
Donald R. Kelsey, Central Missouri State College, Warrensburg, chemistry and mathematics. Scholastic average: 3.99/4.00; ranked first among 2088 students, June 1967. Participant in theoretical study and summer industrial research; theoretical study of topology applied to chemistry. NSF predoctoral fellowship, Chemagro Corp. college essay award (administered by Kansas City ACS Section); listed in "Who's Who in American Colleges and Universities" and on dean's list. Member of ACS student affiliate (president), Kappa Mu Epsilon (treasurer), Mace and Torch (secretary-treasurer), German Club, Prexy Club. Trombonist in the college concert band and composer of a symphony that the band has performed on tour
First, C&EN found that not all colleges face both or either one of these problems. Donald Kroodsma says that at Hope College (Holland, Mich.) "we're just not marchers." But the subject of protests is discussed on all campuses—certainly since the recent events at Columbia University directed renewed national attention to protests. Without judging the issues involved in any one protest, most of the award winners argue for the right to protest. Gregory Farrington of Clarkson College of Technology, says that, for instance, campus activists, when they act within fairly restricted boundaries, are needed. He dislikes, however, "irresponsible protest where the coercive activities of demonstrators violate the right to free speech." Grady Smith believes that activism is good because
it clarifies problems that more levelheaded people might overlook but can solve. He blames a sensationalist press, however, for overemphasizing the importance of student strife. Several award winners have experienced protests first hand. Commenting on the protests against the recruiting efforts of Dow Chemical at Stanford University, Rodney Levine says that the only academically defensible position is to allow recruiters on campus and also to permit protests. On the broad subject of civil disobedience, however, he says that "the original nobility is lost when those willing to practice civil disobedience immediately demand amnesty when punished. They should be willing to accept whatever punishment is given." Offering her opinion of the recent
protest by black students at Northwestern University, Trudy Porter says that she is pleased with the calm, reasonable response by the university administration. "Integration," she says, "has often meant that we expect Negroes to act as if they were slightly inferior whites. I now realize that the black people's need for a distinct identity is as real as their need to be accepted as equals by whites." "Student power" is another issue that often leads to protests. Phillip Davis calls for increased discussion and interaction among students, the faculty, and the college administration. But in some cases students have gone too far and have made wild demands, he says. He holds the opinion that college students simply are not experienced enough to decide reason-
Most chemistry professors have no idea what their students do or think about after they leave class
Draft is not the place to fight inequities at the cost of national well-being Robert R. Shimshak, Rutgers University, chemistry. Scholastic average: 1.125/1.000 cumulative, ranked second in graduating class. Summer research program and Henry Rutgers Research fellow; studied properties of nucleic acids in solution by enzymatic hydrolysis and other methods; three papers written on this work. Parent's Association outstanding freshman award; Phi Beta Kappa award; superior cadet award (ROTC); association of the U.S. Army medal; Woodrow Wilson fellowship nominee, dean's list. Member Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Lambda Upsilon, and Delta Phi Alpha. Member Phi Sigma Delta social fraternity (spirit chairman—two years). Secretary Hardenberg dorm club; Scarlet Rifles drill team; Colonial color guard; reporter Rutgers Da/7y Targum (2 years); staff member, American Legion New Jersey Boys State (1959-67)
Rodney Levine, Stanford University, chemistry. Scholastic average 3.8/4.0, cumulative. Independent research on tobacco mosaic virus and recombination of viral RNA and its l-peptide. University scholarship for one year; William H. Nichols scholarship for three years; dean's list for three years; outstanding freshman award, Stanford Alumni Association. Member of Phi Lambda Upsilon and Phi Beta Kappa. University activities include student residence, university financing and development, and international student affairs. Stanford University representative at School for Freedom, Kingston, Ont., Canada, 1967. Cochairman of The Martin Luther King, Jr., Memorial Fund at Stanford
Sometimes students have made wild demands . . . they lack the experience to decide all they want to decide Phillip Davis, Colorado State University, chemistry. Scholastic average: 4.00/4.00 cumulative to date. Undergraduate research on advanced concepts of electrical propulsions (paper given at ACS Meeting in Miniature). Presidential scholar, honorary merit scholar, Phi Kappa Phi honor as freshman, dean's list. Member of Phi Kappa Phi, Omicron Delta Kappa (vice president), Phi Eta Sigma (secretary), and ACS student affiliate (president 1966-67). Science and Arts Council (C.S.U.) and threeyear letter-winner in cross-country
MAY 20, 1968 C&EN
51
ably all they may want to decide. Marjorie Burgess of BirminghamSouthern College, Birmingham, Ala., says that many college administrations are "out of tune" with students and that the policy of in loco parentis impedes relations. Trudy Porter believes that students have a right to greater determination of their private affairs than some universities will give them. She has been active in discussions at Northwestern leading to approval of visitation hours—hours when Northwestern's men and women students can visit in each other's rooms. Another area of university policy on student affairs in which she participated was in the formulation of a university statement on drugs. Northwestern's position—one of counseling, not enforcing or punishing—grew out of the publicity Northwestern received after an alleged "pot party" appeared on a CBS TV news program. Despite this publicity, Trudy Porter says she sees no serious drug problem there. And her personal view on marijuana is that it should be legalized, with some, possibly more, of the restrictions now placed on alcohol. Rodney Levine, however, qualifies this position. Comparing marijuana smoking to cigarette smoking and cancer, he says that "given the current state of knowledge on marijuana's effects, the legal, controlled use of marijuana is justified." Carol Galles of Immaculate Heart College, Los Angeles, Calif., believes that laws against first-time drug offenders are too harsh. And Ken Frank calls the marijuana laws absurd. He sees two sides to the drug problem. "The good side is that the drug people are asking us straight people to take a new look at things. The bad side is that drugs harm many—this is sad."
Science and society An increasing social consciousness by students certainly lies behind the recent protests. Where do the award winners stand on the question of scientists becoming informed and getting involved on matters outside of the realm of science? Most of the students believe there should be more social consciousness on the part of scientists. Stanford's Rodney Levine, for example, says that scientists should be more conscious, more informed, and then decide whether to be active. And universities must give students the means to become informed. "It's unfortunate," he says, "that so many professors encourage students to take all the courses they can in chemistry to the exclusion of courses in the humanities. Both are important." Rodney Levine backs up his words with action. Right now he is cochair52 C&EN MAY 20, 1968
man of Stanford's Martin Luther King, Jr., Memorial Fund. The drive was organized after Dr. King's assassination to aid, in part, the increased enrollment of minority students at Stanford. But the funds raised might be put to other uses, Rodney Levine says. "Contributions to the local ghetto in Oakland, Calif., might be more important. Even the Black Panthers, a militant Negro group, could be aided," he adds. Gregory Farrington sees other aspects of social consciousness for scientists. "Teaching is more important to me than research on obscure organic compounds," he says. For him the challenge is to relate science to people. Asked how he might accomplish this, he says that he would like to write and "give the man who watches TV and drinks beer an idea of what science means." Elizabeth Eipper of Pembroke College and Brown University, Providence, R.I., wants to relate not only chemistry but chemical education to the world around us. Her comments in a letter to the editor (see page 6)—received before C&EN began this opinion survey—call for chemistry professors to awaken students to the broad responsibilities of the sciences. And as a postscript, she tells C&EN that she has chosen to do work in biophysics because "I anticipate more exciting problems and a greater challenge in biophysics than in chemistry." For Trudy Porter there is too much of an attitude among physical scientists of leaving political and social problems to the political scientists, the sociologists. Sometimes involvement should be a matter of personal choice, she says, but sometimes not becoming involved is just shirking a duty as a citizen. Carol Galles also believes in scientists taking an active role in solving community problems. However, she doubts whether their ability to apply analytical thought to problems will be more successful than the methods of nonscientists. One of the chemical engineering majors in the group, Harold Warner of Iowa State University at Ames, is sensitive to criticism that engineers are not concerned about people. To overcome this stereotyping many engineering students go out of their way to broaden themselves, he says, through elective courses outside engineering. But he is disappointed to see few, if any, humanities or social science majors trying to find out what engineering is really all about. When the C&EN interviewer suggested that engineering departments make an effort to "sell" engineering to other students in the university community through a survey course approach, Warner
agreed that this effort might work to break down some of the artificial barriers separating engineers from the rest of the community. No doubt the strongest commitment to social consciousness and action among the award winners has been made by Kenneth Frank, who plans to go into the ministry. Explaining, he says that by the end of his junior year he found that science became a hobby, an avocation. He believes that he can make the best of his life by "ministering to people." Text continued page 57
Many college administrations tune with students
are out of
Marjorie Burgess, Birmingham-Southern College, chemistry. Scholastic average: 3.85/4.00. Participated in chemistry division, Argonne National Laboratory senior honors research program and studied denaturation of phycocyanin, a protein. Worked at University of Alabama medical center on studies of Streptomycin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Phi Beta Kappa, dean's list four years, Mortar Board, "Who's Who in American Colleges and Universities," National Merit scholarship finalist, Reader's Digest Junior Achievement scholarship. Theta Chi Delta (president), Theta Sigma Lambda (vice president), Alpha Lambda Delta (president, vice president), and Triangle Club. Vice president, treasurer, and assistant treasurer of Kappa Delta social sorority. President, secretary, and treasurer of ACS student affiliate; Student Congress representative; tutored high school students in Chicago's culturally deprived areas
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Perhaps this social consciousness— at least at this stage in their education—is the reason most of the students have decided not to work in industry. Other reasons were voiced, however. A common remark was that the university offers, as Donald Kelsey says, greater freedom to choose research topics than most industries do. A similar viewpoint was expressed by Phillip Davis. "Because of the profit motive/' he points out, "industry limits the choice of research topics. But I don't want to be subject to such limits." For several of the women award winners, there's another reason. Balancing a career and a family is easier in a university teaching position, they say. Examining further the question of where they would work and what they would do, C&EN asked whether they would become involved in classified research. Questions were phrased to include chemical and biological warfare, "bomb work," and routinely classified work. Answers to the question ranged from "no qualms about any kind of research" to "blatantly opposed" to any type of defense oriented research. Gregory Farrington would work on nerve gas, antipersonnel devices, or whatever. "As long as I have faith in America and if such research is necessary to preserve our nation's great heritage," he says, "I am willing to do it." Donald Kroodsma's remarks that he has no objection to classified research but could not work in areas such as biological and chemical warfare were typical of many. Not all colleges and universites face the problems . . . we're just not marchers at Hope College
Campus activism is good because it clarifies problems more level-headed people might overlook but can solve Henry Grady Smith, Jr., Louisiana State University, chemical engineering. Scholastic average: 3.81/4.00 cumulative. Group leader of momentum transport and basic process instrumentation (theory and laboratory). Research on computer program involving pressure drop due to friction in piping. Dean's list every semester. AlChE award as outstanding sophomore in chemical engineering. Member of Phi Eta Sigma, Tau Beta Pi, Phi Lambda Upsilon, Phi Kappa Phi, Omicron Delta Kappa. President, college of engineering; AlChE, secretary 1966-67; engineering council—2 years
of student protests
and drugs Donald Kroodsma, Hope College, Holland, Mich., chemistry. Scholastic average: 3.89/4.00. NSF summer research 1966 and following year on cation stability in the amine-nitrous acid reaction. Chemistry award, 1965 and 1966; four-year Hope College scholarship; Educational Opportunity Grant for 1967-68; Vienna summer school scholarship, 1967; nominee for Danforth Foundation and Woodrow Wilson scholarships; assisted in freshman honors chemistry during junior and senior years. Member of ACS affiliate chemistry club, Tri Beta (biology club), and Blue Key (national fraternity). President of Chi Phi Sigma (social fraternity) 1967-68. Member of Fellowship of Christian Athletes. Three-year letter-winner and all-conference (MIAA) for two years in baseball; team cocaptain in 1968. Two-year letter-winner in football
MAY 20, 1968 C&EN 57
C&EN advisory board members screening and judging merit award candidates this year were Dr. Rutherford Aris, department of chemical engineering, University of Minnesota; Richard A. Carpenter, Science Policy Research Division. The Library of Congress: Herbert D. Doan, president of Dow Chemical Co., Frank J. Pizzitola, Celanese Corp.; Dr. Frederick D. Rossini, vice president, Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, University of Notre Dame; and Dr. Bernard Weinstock, senior staff scientist, Ford Motor Co.
A related aspect of the classified research subject was the question of what role it has in the university. Here, too, opinions diverged. Some students had not considered the problem yet. Carol Galles believes that classified research has a place in the university. She would not do chemical or biological warfare research, however, and her involvement in any classified research would depend on the extent she could plan its direction and how much of a voice she could have in releasing results to the government. Trudy Porter believes that classified research should be strictly controlled by a university research review board. The strongest viewpoint, however, comes from Kenneth Frank, who says that "the university has prostituted itself when it participates in biological or chemical warfare research."
We must re'.ate not only chemistry but chemical education to the world around us. Chemistry professors must awaken students to the broad responsibilities of the sciences Elizabeth Eipper, Pembroke College in Brown University, chemistry. Scholastic average: on 4.0 system, 4.0 freshman year, 3.875 sophomore year, 4.0 junior year. Undergraduate research assistantship in chemistry department, 1967-68; summer research at Brown University, 1967, Rockefeller University, 1966, Mobil Oil Co., 1964 and 1965. Has studied lattice vibrations and infrared spectra in diatomic lattices with hydride ion defects. Will receive M.S. as well as B.S. in June. Mobil Oil science scholarship for four years; dean's list, junior chemistry award. Field and ice hockey, Lacrosse Club, Brown University concert band
Honorable Mention-C&EN merit awards, 1968 George Anderson, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Gerald Babcock, Creighton University Douglas Baron, Purdue University Calvin Bartholomew, Jr., Brigham Young University Patsy Allen Batson, Oklahoma State University C. Jayne Biaselle, Chestnut Hill College Charles Bowman, University of Illinois Theodore Breton, Lehigh University Alan Burkhardt, Clarkson College of Technology Mary Burkhart, East Texas State University Adrienne Buuck, Regis College Gretchen Chapman, University of Southern California Richard Galardy, Dartmouth College Gail Gawlinski, Regis College John Gessinger, Princeton University Harvey Gillis, Carnegie-Mellon University Robert Gisch, Marquette University Edward Gordon, University of Kansas Ronald Gumbaz, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn
58 C&EN MAY 20, 1968
Charles Hahn, Colorado School of Mines Thomas Hinkebein, University of Louisville Raymond Horn, Grinned College Thomas Kateeshock, Newark College of Engineering Frederick Kemen, Xavier University Ronald Kopicki, Cornell University Mark Levin, Yeshiva College James Longstreth, University of Iowa Linda Lucey, Fordham University James Macon, III, Princeton University Linda McElroy, Mount Holyoke College Thomas McGrath, University of Notre Dame James Meyer, Villanova University Albert Mortola, Fordham University Richard Newberg, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Dennis Novacek, University of Nebraska Roger Patterson, Dartmouth College Herbert Pinnick, Jr., Southeast Missouri State College William Pistole, Oklahoma State University Susan Potterton, Randolph-Macon Woman's College
Reed Pyeritz, University of Delaware David Ratner, Yale University Donald Rau, University of Illinois Robert Rowan, III, Pomona College David Sageman, Michigan Technological University Frank Schadt, III, Le Moyne College C. William Schwab, Ithaca College Shirley Skrdla, Mount Marty College Edward Sones, Louisiana Polytechnic Institute David Stivison, Ohio University James Stocking, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Margaret Stryker, College of Wooster Gerald Swanson, Gonzaga University Janet Swinehart, Elizabethtown College Allan Teranishi, University of California, Berkeley Ann Tucker, Regis College Phil Walker, Brigham Young University Robert Walker, Louisiana State University in New Orleans Lee Washburn, Murray State University Gerald Wilemski, Canisius College
