316
CHEMISTRY OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS
Subject Index
A C u O ^ phases, phase diagram, 4,7/ A d i a b a t i c elastic m o d u l i , B a Y C u 0 , 257,258^
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2
3
7
x
A l k a l i n e earth cations effect o n C u - 0 b o n d s , 8 effect o n s u p e r c o n d u c t i v i t y , 3 9 effect o n v a r i a t i o n o f r e s i s t a n c e , 2 7 influence o n electronic structure, 50 Analysis, B a Y C u 0 by temperature-programmed reduction, 72,73/ 2
3
7
A n g l e s , Y B a ^ C u 0 _ , 143/ A n i s o t r o p y , i n e i e c t r o n - t rraannssjp o r t p r o p e r t i e s o f o x i d e s , 125 Annealing c o n d i t i o n s , Y B a ^ C u 0 , 115,116 effect o n B a Y C u 0 properties, 259 effect o n o x y g e n c o n t e n t , 2 0 7 effect o n v a r i a t i o n s o f r e s i s t a n c e , 2 6 importance o f temperature, 253 ?
2
3
7
i
χ
3
2
Applications—Continued superconducting power transmission l i n e s , 291 c a p i t a l costs, 2 9 2 o p e r a t i n g costs, 2 9 3 superconductors, 280-302 voltage standard, 3 0 1 - 3 0 2 A t o m i c positional parameters o r t h o r h o m b i c c o m p o u n d s , 157,158/ t e t r a g o n a l c o m p o u n d s , 154,155/ YBa Cu 0 , 142/ A v e r a g e structures a n d phase transitions, 166
3
7
7
B a sites, effect o f s u b s t i t u t i o n s , 5 7 B a C u O , synthesis, 8 0 Ba La YCu Ni 0„ . 0
i
A n t i b o n d i n g states f o r C u ( I I ) , 5 Applications computers, interconnects, 294 cryogenic device possibilities, 297 devices based o n n o n e q u i l i b r i u m superconductivity, 299 digital Josephson technology, 296 electronics, 296 F E T s , 298 high-energy physics ( H E P ) , 285 high-field magnets, 285 h i g h - s p e e d J o s e p h s o n e l e c t r o n i c s , 301 interconnects i n computers, 294 low-voltage hot-electron transistors, 2 9 9 magnetic separation, 285 magnets m a t e r i a l s costs, 2 8 6 refrigeration costs, 2 8 8 stabilization, 290 material parameters, 281 medical magnetic resonance imaging ( M R I ) , 284 related to c r i t i c a l c u r r e n t density, 282-284,286 S Q U I D s , 300 superconducting instruments, 2 9 9 - 3 0 2 s u p e r c o n d u c t i n g magnets, 2 8 4 - 2 9 1
0
2-x
jç
3-2
ζ
7-6
magnetic susceptibility, 174,176,177/ p r e p a r a t i o n , 174 X - r a y diffraction, 174,175,177/ B a L a C u Ο , structure, 124/ BaPb, B i Ο * l-z
. z.
3
c o n d u c t i v i t y vs. temperature, 2 6 d i s p r o p o r t i o n a t i o n r e a c t i o n , 6,8 m e t a s t a b i l i t y , 11 occurrence o f superconductivity, 6 oxygen displacements, 8 phase diagram, 6,7/ similarities to c o p p e r systems, 3 structure, 3 B a P b O , metallic behavior, 6 B a Y C u O , polyhedral representation, 165,167/ B a rYe pCr eus e 0n t a tpi o n l y, h e1d6r5a, l1 6 7 / s
2
3
2
e
3
7
C u - 0 sublattice, 268 B
a
2
Y
C
u
3 ( i - x )
F
e
3 x ? r
r
e
s
i
s
t
i
v
i
temperature, 43
Ba YCu^Ni 2
B
a
i
+
2
Y
2 - 2
C
u
0
0
7
t y vs.
, lattice parameters, 2 0 2
6 - 2 / 2
+
i
P
r
o
c
e
s
s
i
n
^
2
3
7
BaY Cu0 c r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c d a t a , 165 e l e c t r o n m i c r o p r o b e a n a l y s e s , 164 polyhedral representation, 165,167/ p o s i t i o n a l parameters, 165 single-crystal structure analyses o f phases, 164 2
5
Nelson et al.; Chemistry of High-Temperature Superconductors ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.
317
INDEX Ba YCu 0 2
3
Ba YCu O —Continued 2
6
analysis by
3
m e t a l c o n t e n t at s u r f a c e ,
reduction, 72,75/
nature of t w i n boundaries, 186,187/
coordination environments, 182,183/
n o n s t o i c h i o m e t r y as a f u n c t i o n o f p a r t i a l pressure, 45,46/
crystallographic unit cells, 182,183/ firing
1 8
schedules for sintering, 2 6 3 - 2 6 4
0 - e x c h a n g e d s a m p l e , 186
o p t i c a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , 57
K R I P E S and BIS spectra, 2 1 7 - 2 1 8
o x y g e n c o n t e n t , 115
photon distribution curves, 217-218
oxygen displacements, 8
plasma oxidation, 207,208/
persistent current measurements,
p o s i t i o n a l p a r a m e t e r s , 166
perspective view, 182,183/
schematic drawing, 182,183/
physical and superconducting
structural description, 160,161/
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a
Y
2
C
planar defects, 2 3 6 / powder preparation, 261-263
3 ° 6 . 5
U
104
properties, 235/
s t r u c t u r e , 154 crystal s h o w i n g a m o r p h o u s layer, 134/
preparation, 70
disordered crystals, 133/
p r e p a r a t i o n v i a nitrate route, 103,104
s e m i c o n d u c t i n g , 130
recrystallization via hydrothermal
Ba YCu O e
e
2
.
3
routes, 104,110
^ v a r i a t i o n s of
e
o.5±o,
reduced, I R reflectance spectrum, 59,60/
resistance, 26 Ba Y C u Ο
replacement of d8 C u
, o r t h o r h o m b i c , 128
3 +
i o n , 174
r e s i s t i v i t y r a t i o vs. t e m p e r a t u r e , 1 2 6 /
inverse photoemission spectra, 219/
s t r u c t u r e , 5 7 , 6 5 , 1 2 4 / , 154
photoemission studies, 2 1 2 - 2 2 3
s y n t h e s i s , 57
R i e t v e l d profile refinements,
t r a n s i t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e , 261
157
s i m i l a r i t y to L a C u 0 , 2 1 7
w a v e speeds, 257
structural description, 160,161/
w e i g h t as a f u n c t i o n o f
2
4
surface degradation, 218 B
106-109,111
b o n d lengths, 182,183/ c r y s t a l l o g r a p h i c d a t a , 166
B
r
m e c h a n i s m o f s u p e r c o n d u c t i v i t y , 61
temperature-programmed
a
2
Y
C
U
3°6.96'
W
e
i
S
h
t
V
S
temperature, 184,185/ X - r a y diffraction patterns, 72,77/
-
X - r a y photoelectron spectral
temperature, 137,138/ Ba YCu 0 2
3
7
a n n e a l i n g c o n d i t i o n s , 115,116 b o n d lengths, 182,183/ c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , 70 characterization of superconducting p r o p e r t i e s , 57
data, 106-109,111 Ba YCu 0 2
Ba YCu 0
c o m p o s i t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , 57
, magnetic
7
2
3
, magnetic
?
susceptibilities, 116,118/ Ba YCu 0 2
3
7
, structural
3
description, 160,161/
c o m p a r i s o n w i t h o t h e r c u p r a t e s , 189 c o m p o s i t i o n a n d properties related, 56
3
susceptibilities, 116,118/
B
a
2
Y
C
U
3 ° 7 -
i
critical current density, 2 8 2 - 2 8 3
coordination environments, 182,183/
high magnetic
coordination geometry, 65
interplay of materials and refrigeration
fields,
283
costs, 2 8 9
c r y s t a l s t r u c t u r e , 261 crystallographic unit cells, 182,183/
Josephson technology, 2 9 6 - 2 9 7
Cu-0
materials cost, 2 8 6 - 2 8 8
d i s t a n c e , 231
c u r r e n t c o n d u c t i v i t y , 261
metastable property, 310
effect o f c a r b o n d i o x i d e , 262
o p e r a t i o n at 77 K , 2 9 4
e f f e c t o f m o d i f y i n g c o m p o s i t i o n , 38
o x y g e n c o n t e n t , 176
effect o f 0
practical use, 290
2
annealing, 44
electrical resistivities, 70,72 fabrication, 261-265 high-resolution electron microscopy,
106-109,111
i n m o l t e n salt f l u x e s , preparation, 103,110 interplay o f synthesis, structure, a n d microstructure, 102-112 l a t t i c e p a r a m e t e r s a n d c e l l v o l u m e vs. temperature, 184,187/
refrigeration costs, 2 8 8 - 2 8 9 t y p e II s u p e r c o n d u c t o r , 2 8 2 Ba Y C u Ο Ba
, c r y s t a l c h e m i s t r y , 127
YCu 0 ; 3
7
£
i
adiabatic elastic m o d u l i , 257,258/ c o m p a r e d to o t h e r o x y g e n - d e f e c t p e r o v s k i t e s , 168 compositional maps, 2 5 1 - 2 5 2 c r i t i c a l t e m p e r a t u r e vs. o x y g e n stoichiometry, 147,148/
Nelson et al.; Chemistry of High-Temperature Superconductors ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1987.
318
CHEMISTRY OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS
Ba YCu 0 2
3
7 i
—Continued
Ba YCu O —Continued 2
3
crystal t w i n n i n g , 186
differential scanning
d i a m a g n e t i c t r a n s i t i o n , 119 effect o f o x y g e n content o n o x y g e n
calorimetry, 139,141/
desorption spectrum, 116,118/
electrical resistivity, 253 electron m i c r o p r o b e analyses, 165
effect o f o x y g e n s t o i c h i o m e t r y , 119
fracture toughness, 256
magnetic measurements, 82
hardness, 256
M e i s s n e r effect, 8 2 , 2 3 4 - 2 3 5 oxygen a d d i t i o n , 231
lattice constants vs. o x y g e n
p r e p a r a t i o n , 114
stoichiometry, 140,141/ magnetic susceptibility, 140-144,253
processing, 2 3 4 - 2 3 7
magnetic susceptibility vs.
pseudoternary system, composition, 80,81/ r e d u c t i o n , 119
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temperature, 147,149/ mechanical properties, 2 5 3 - 2 5 9
resistivity measurements, 82
M e i s s n e r effect, 145
scanning electron micrograph, 80,81/
o x i d a t i o n , 137
single-crystal growth, 79
o x y g e n s t o i c h i o m e t r y vs. l a t t i c e c o n s t a n t s
structure o f phases, 182 structure-property relationships, 181-190
and unit cell volume, 140,141/
synthesis, 80,153
polycrystalline, adiabatic, elastic
temperature-dependent
moduli, 244
B a n d structure
experiments, 140 powder X - r a y diffraction
La^CuO^
18,214-215
o x i d e superconductors, 50
measurements, 140,141/
B a r d e e n , C o o p e r , a n d S c h r i e f f e r , See B C S
r e s i s t i v i t y as a f u n c t i o n o f
B a r i u m lead bismuthate, 308
temperature, 254/,255/
B C S s u p e r c o n d u c t i n g state, e l e c t r o n - p h o n o n
s a m p l e p r e p a r a t i o n , 137
i n t e r a c t i o n , 15
single-crystal structure analysis, 165 sintering, 246/,247/,250/
B C S t h e o r y o f s u p e r c o n d u c t i v i t y , r e v i e w , 14
structural details, 1 4 0 - 1 4 4
B e m e t a l , e l e c t r o n p a i r s , 19
s u p e r c o n d u c t i n g f r a c t i o n as a f u n c t i o n o f
B e a m currents, BIS and K R I P E S , 214 B i - O bonds, effect o f electropositive
temperature, 2 5 4 / 2 5 5 /
cations, 9
t h e r m o g r a v i m e t r i c analysis, 137
B i ( I V ) , disproportionation reactions, 8
u n i t c e l l v o l u m e vs. o x y g e n
Bidimensional metallic conductors,
stoichiometry, 140,141/
generation, 123
X - r a y d i f f r a c t i o n studies, 165 2
a
Y
C
3
U
B i n a r y oxides, preparation, 86
7 - ,
0
B i n d e r content, effect o n m i l l i n g
oxygen doping, 203
fluids,
r e s i s t i v i t y vs. t e m p e r a t u r e , 2 0 7 , 2 0 8 / s y n t h e s i s , u n d o p e d a n d n i c k e l - d o p e d , 199 temperature vs. susceptibility, 203,206/ temperature-dependent
Y
C
3
U
, 274
crystal structure, 267/ C u - O sublattice, 268 high temperature X - r a y analysis, 268,270/ magnetic measurements, 267,269/ oxygen distribution, 266,267 p r o c e s s i n g , resistance vs. temperature plots, 267,268/ property dependence o n processing, 266 Ba YCu O 2
a
B
a
L
a
2
4 . 8 5 a
. 0
6
S
0 . ,
r
9
5
C
U
° 4
