Subject Index
Downloaded via 193.22.14.209 on July 11, 2018 at 17:13:29 (UTC). See https://pubs.acs.org/sharingguidelines for options on how to legitimately share published articles.
A AB-graft copolymer, 71 ACF. See Activated carbon fibers (ACF) Activated carbon fibers (ACF), 89 removal of benzene using granular activated carbon, 90f Aluminium foil, films of cis- and trans-polyacetylene in comparison, 155f American Chemical Society, 1, 19 Baekeland award, 52 North Jersey section, 46f Amsterdam Bakelite Collection, 13 Apha olefin, tie chain concentration versus density, 118f Aromatic thermosetting copolyesters (ATSP), 87, 100 key properties, 102t properties, 101t synthesis, 101f ATSP. See Aromatic thermosetting copolyesters (ATSP) Aylsworth, J. W., 71f
B Baekeland, C. S., 15f Baekeland, Karel, 15f Baekeland, L. H., 1, 15f, 84f achievements and associations, 18 bakelite, 8 Berlin zoo, 12f descendants and his later years, 19 discoveries, 2 discussion of reaction, 24 electrochemistry, 7 father of modern plastics, 14 flat-plate photography, 4 iconic photographs, 32 inspiration, 11 laboratory, 17f legacy, 32 technology development, 51 middle class lifestyle, 33 midwestern family snapshot, 34f personal records, 2 phenol-aldehyde experiments, 9 projects, 12 research career, 2 scientists, 33f
velox, 3 world of science and technology, 3 Baekeland, Rosalia, 15f Baekeland award, 52 announcement of winner 1985, 61f celebration dais, 58f continued relevance, 63 evolution, 55 NJIT celebration, 63f nominations, 54f past award winners, 55, 57f picture from NJACS web site, 59f presentations, 57 programme 1945, 56f stipulations and procedures, 53 Baekeland medal, 53f Baekeland symposium, 60 announcement of 2002, 62f poster session, 62 Bakelite plant, 8 Baekeland on structure, 24 chimneys slated for demolition, 49f dimenssional model, Megson, 27f early ads products, 37f exhibition in Yonkers, New York, 13f Germany, 29 Google Earth satellite map, 48f high water mark, 45f history of first plant, 40f invention, 166 middleclass objects, 36f modern science education, 52 New Jersey, 29 overview, 21 people, 43f R&D management, 50 Bakelizer, 19 Benzene, 25 Benzyl alcohols, 25 Biphenol terephthalate (BPT), 95 properties of copolymers, 96t Block copolymer, 71 Blow molding, 136 BMP. See Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), 174 non-invasive detection method, 176f Bone regeneration, 172 Bound Brook Bakelite plant, 42f construction and expansion, 41 BPT. See Biphenol terephthalate (BPT) Bunsen flame, 88
189 Strom and Rasmussen; 100+ Years of Plastics. Leo Baekeland and Beyond ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2011.
Butene, 118
Edison, T., 3 Ekonol, 94 preparation, 95f Electrochemistry, 7 Eureka, 9
C CAD stereolithography, 176f Carbon black, 149 Carbonaceous polymers, 149 Carborundum Co., 97 Cartilage tissue engineering, 170 hydrogel for injectable articular, 171f Casting materials, 8 Cellulosic films, 8 CGC. See Constrained geometry catalysts (CGC) Charles Martin Hall, 3 Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF), 105 archives, 113 Chemical History Firsthand, 105 The Chemistry of Synthetic Resins, 23 The Chemistry of the Natural and Synthetic Resins, 21 The Chemists Club, 1 CHF. See Chemical Heritage Foundation (CHF) Chromium catalyst, slurry and gas phase processes, 130 Claisen rearrangement, 25 Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), 102 Comets, 5 Conductive polyaniline, 152 Conjugated organic polymers, 148f carbon black, 149 overview, 147 Constrained geometry catalysts (CGC), 134 Copal, 21 CTE. See Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)
D Designer conduits, nerve repair, 174 Discovery channel, 12 Doped polyacetylene, 157 DuPont’s collaboration, 116
E Eastman, G., 5 Eastman Kodak, 98
F FET. See Field effect transistors (FET) Field effect transistors (FET), 147 Formaldehyde, 22 The Fourth Kingdom, 38 stills, 39f Franklin medal, 1
G Galileo spacecraft, 33 George Eastman’s camera, 34 Graft copolymer, 71 Grinding wheels, 85
H Harvard University, 22 HDPE. See High density polyethylene (HDPE) Heat seal initiation temperature (HSIT), 122 Heated pressure reactor, 22, 23f Heeger, A. J., 156, 157f HERF. See High energy rate forging (HERF) Hexamethylene tetramine, 85 High density polyethylene (HDPE) geographic distribution 2001 to 2011, 142f production, 140 High energy rate forging, 96f High energy rate forging (HERF), 94 Historical chemistry, before Baekeland, 22 Historical industrial chemistry, before Baekeland, 22 HSIT. See Heat seal initiation temperature (HSIT) Huelck’s E4 composition, 74 Hull, J. L., 110 early international career path, 110 employment, U.S., 111 reflections, 112 Hydrogels, 177f
190 Strom and Rasmussen; 100+ Years of Plastics. Leo Baekeland and Beyond ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2011.
2,6-Hydroxynaphthoic acid, 98
I ICI. See Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), 115 Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 24 Injectable polymers, cartilage tissue engineering, 170 Injection molding, 138 Interchain transesterification reactions (ITR), 98 Interpenetrating polymer tetworks (IPN) cause control, 76 history, 70 interpretation, 79f methods, 74f morphology development, 79f multiple inventions, 72 overview, 69 phase diagram, 80f phase separation, 76 polybutadiene-polystyrene, morphology development, 78f poly(dimethyl siloxane)/ polytetrafloroethylene), 80t research developments, 81 Ion exchange fibers, 90 IPN. See Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) ITR. See Interchain transesterification reactions (ITR)
K Kevlar fiber versus Ekonol fiber, 97 properties, 98t
geographic distribution 2001-2011, 143f production technology capacity period 2001 to 2011, 143f LOI. See Limiting oxygen index (LOI) Long chain branching (LCB), mechanism, 129f Low density polyethylene (LDPE), 115, 126 autoclave process, 126, 128f versus tubular capacity changes 2001 to 2011, 141f manufacturing process, 126 production, 140 rheology curves, 125f unique features of product, 128
M MacDiarmid, A. G., 156, 157f Maximum contaminant level (MCL), 89 MCL. See Maximum contaminant level (MCL) Metallocene polymers, 134 Multichannel porous conduit for spinal cord regeneration, 179f Musculoskeletal tissue, 165 engineering, 166
N National Museum of American History, 19 Nepera Chemical Company, 6, 16 Nerve conduit design, 177f N-isopropyl acrylamide, 166 Novolak, 23 Novolak, synthesis, 86f N-vinylpyrrolidinone (NVP), 172 NVP. See N-vinylpyrrolidinone (NVP)
L O LCB. See Long chain branching (LCB) LDPE. See Low density polyethylene (LDPE) LED. See Light-emitting diodes (LED) Legacy, 32 Baekeland as CEO and businessman, 47 Light-emitting diodes (LED), 147 Limiting oxygen index (LOI), 102 LLDPE capacity, 142
Oligo (poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate) (OPF), 172 OPF. See Oligo (poly(ethylene glycol)fumarate) (OPF) OPV. See Organic photovoltaic (OPV) Organic photovoltaic (OPV), 147 Ostwald’s colloid theory, 83 structure, 85f
191 Strom and Rasmussen; 100+ Years of Plastics. Leo Baekeland and Beyond ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2011.
P PCLF. See Polycaprolactone fumarate (PCLF) PEG. See Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) Perkin medal, 1 Perth Amboy production facilities, 41 PHBA. See p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) Phenol, 22 molecules with aldehydes, 22 Phenol-formaldehyde reaction kinetic results of Freeman and Lewis, 28f magnificent studies of Megson, 26, 27f reaction scheme of Lilley, 27f Phenolic fibers, 88 conditions, 88 control, 88 Phenolic Resin Chemistry, 26 Phenolic resins, 83 Phenoxy-p-hydroxyphenylmethane, 25 Phillips petroleum slurry process, 131f Photo emulsions, 6 p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), 93 polyesters, 93 properties of copolymers, 96t shear sensitivity of pet copolysters, 99f p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 22 Plastic age, 166 Plastics, 8 industry, 35 process engineering, 38 20th century industrial revolution, 35 world, 35 Plastics pioneers Hull, J. L., 110 overview, 105 Rubin, I. I., 106 Polyacetylene films, 153 Polyacetylene polymerization, temperature dependence, 155f Polycaprolactone fumarate (PCLF), 175 Polyethylene dart and tear properties, 121 density, 118 classification, 119t versus reactor temperature for LDPE, 130f dependence of glass transition temperature and melting point, 125f discovery, 115 films, 135 global production, 138, 139f health and hygiene applications, 137 high density and linear low density, 130 pipe, 137
production capacity, geographic distribution, 141f projected top 5 producers 2009-2014, 139f rheology, 123 seal properties, 122 semicrystalline structure, 117 stress-strain curve, 120f structure and properties, 116 tensile properties, 120, 120t thermal properties, 122 typical heat seal curve, 123f use, 135 wire and cable, 138 Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), 172 Polymer, 168f Polymer blend, 72 characteristic morphologies of, 77f Polymeric biomaterials de novo design, 168 overview, 165 in vitro and in vivo experiments, 169 Polymerization, 74 Polymerized molecules, 25 Polymers six basic combinations, 73f structures in nutshell, 71 Polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, 166 Polypyrrole, 149 electronic properties, 151 Polys, 10 Poly(sulfurnitride), 156 p-Oxybenzid, 93
R Resol, synthesis, 86f Rotational molding, 138 Rubin, I. I., 106 consulting, 107 first job, 107 management style, 108 reflections, 109
S Saligenin, 22 Saliretin oligomers, 25 Sandpaper, 85 SCB. See Short chain branching (SCB) Shirakawa, H., 153, 154f Short chain branching (SCB), 128
192 Strom and Rasmussen; 100+ Years of Plastics. Leo Baekeland and Beyond ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2011.
mechanism, 129f Snug rock, 16f Baekeland family, 18f Spinodal decomposition, 77 Sulfates d’éméraldine, production, 153f Sumitomo Chemical, 97 Synthetic polymers, 69, 166 chemical structures, 169c
plant after WW II, 44f Unipol, business legacy, 50 Univation gas phase process, 134f University of Ghent, 14 U.S. Patent Office, 1 U.S. Naval Consulting Board, 18
V T
Vectra copolymer, 100f Velox, 3, 34
Teflon, 168 Tetraiodopyrrole, thermal polymerization, 151f Thermal protective systems (TPS), 87 Thermoformed articles, 137 Thermosetting aromatic copolyester (ATSP), plasma flame spray, 95f Tie chain, 117 graphical description, 117f vs. density, 118f Time Magazine, 1, 19f, 33 Tissue engineering, strategy, 167f To shape tomorrow, stills, 39f TPS. See Thermal protective systems (TPS) Triethylaluminium (TEAL), 132
W Weiss, D. E., 149, 150f Willard Gibbs Medal, 24 World War, 25
X Xydar, 98
Z U Union Carbide, 41, 51
Ziegler-Natta catalyzed polymerization, acetylene, 154f Ziegler-Natta polymerization, 132
193 Strom and Rasmussen; 100+ Years of Plastics. Leo Baekeland and Beyond ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2011.
