DRINKING WATER Free chlorine. The corrosion of cast irori pipes inciuces only a cheniicdi decay of chlorine corresponding to its reaction with ferrous irons released by iron dissolution. (Frateur, I.; Deslouis, C ; Kiene, L.; Levi, Y.; Tribollet, B. rree Chlorine Consumption Induced by Cast Iron Corrosion in Drinking Water Distribution Systems," Water Res. 1999, 33 (8), 1781-179 0)
LANDFILL Metallic leachate. Leachates from a small sanitary landfill were examined, with attention paid to the characterization of colloids in the leachates by size and distribution of the colloid-associated metallic elements. (Park, S.; loe, K. S.; Han, S. H.; Eom, T. Y.; Kim, H. S. "Characteristics and Distribution of Metallic Elements in Landfill Leachates," Environ. Technol. 1999,20 (4), 443-448)
METHODS Surface characterization. Techniques for surface analysis and characterization are reviewed, including proximal probes, electron spectroscopy, optical characterization of surfaces, and X-ray techniques. (McGuire, G. E.; Fuchs, J.; Han, P.; Kushmerick, J. G.; Weiss, R S.; Simko, S. J.; Nemanich, R. J.; Chopra, D. R. "Surface Characterization," Anal. Chem. 1999, 71 (12), 373R-388R)
MODELING Mercury contamination. A simple, mechanistic model of mercury (Hg) dynamics in a lake has been developed, and results suggest that Hg2*, Hg°, and MeHg experience significantly different fates and persistence, with overall Hg dynamics dominated by the fate of Hg 2+ . (Diamond, M. L. "Development of a Fugacity/Aquivalence Model of Mercury Dynamics in Lakes," Water, Air, SoilPollut. 1999 111 (1-4), 337-357)
Pollutants in meat smoke Meat cooking operations are a major source of organic particulate matter emissions to the urban atmosphere: Frying and charbroiling together account for approximately 20% of all fine organic aerosol released into the atmosphere within a 6400-km2 area surrounding Los Angeles. C. Nolte and coworkers developed and applied a method for the enhanced characterization of polar compounds in meat smoke as trimethylsilyl derivatives. Compounds detected in atmospheric fine particle samples had relative abundances that showed substantial agreement between the meat smoke source samples and the atmosphere [Environ Sci Technol this issue DD 3313-3316)
Mercury fate/transport. Mass balance and sensitivity analyses from an extensively modified version of the environmental model GLEAMS indicate that atmospheric deposition and reduction leading to evasion are the most important parameters controlling concentrations of total mercury in the upper soil. (Tsiros, I. X.; Ambrose, R. B. "An Environmental Simulation Model for Transport and Fate of Mercury in Small Rural Catchments," Chemosphere 1999 39 (3), 477-492)
SEDIMENTS Mercury methylation/sulfate reduction rates. Anoxic slurry incubations were performed to examine the relationship between mercury methylation rates and sulfate reduction rates in salt marsh sediments from the southeastern United States. (King, J. K.; Saunders, F. M.; Lee, R. E; Jahnke, R. A. "Coupling Mercury Methylation Rates to Sulfate Reduction Rates in Marine Sediments," Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1999,18 (7), 1362-1369) Organic contaminants. Results from research performed to determine the feasibility of selectively detoxifying organic contaminants in sediments will be used to aid in the development of a scheme for whole-sediment toxicity identification evaluations. (Lebo, J. A.;
Huckins, J. N.; Petty, J. D.; Ho, K. T, "Removal of Organic Contaminant Toxicity From Sediments—Early Work Toward Development of a Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) Method," Chemosphere 1999, 39 (3), 389-406)
TECHNOLOGY RDX detection. A highly sensitive microcapillary immunosensor is being developed and characterized for the detection of the explosive, hexahydrol,3,5-ttinitro-l,3,5-trazine (RDX), with results indicating the lowest detectable limit at 10 pptr with a linear dynamic range from 0.1 to 1000 ppb. (Charles, E T; Kusterbeck, A. W. "Trace-Level Detection of Ilexahydrol,3,5-Trinitro-l,3,5-Triazine (RDX) by Microimmunosensor," Biosens. Bioelectron. 1999,14 (4), 387-396)
WATER Rainwater formaldehyde. Measurements of formaldehyde concentrations in rainwater samples indicated that part of the formaldehyde may be from direct photochemical production in the aqueous phase. (Kieber, R. J.; Rhines, M. E; Willey, J. D.; Avery G. B., Jr. "Rainwater Formaldehyde: Concentration, Deposition, and Photochemical Formation," Atmos. Environ. 1999, 33 (22), 3659-3667) Stormwater compliance. Compliance with U.S. pollution prevention regulations from stormwater discharges associated with industrial activities was evaluated. (Duke, L. D.; Shaver, K. A. "Widespread Failure To Comply with U.S. Stormwater Regulations for Industry—Part II: FacilityLevel Evaluations To Estimate Number of Regulated Facilities," Environ. Eng. Sci. 1999,16 (4), 249-263)
WATER QUALITY Analytical methods. Developments in water analytical methods are reviewed for gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, inorganic analytical chemistry, and pollution monitoring. (Richardson, S. D. "Water Analysis," Anal. Chem. 1999. 71 (\2). 181R-215R1
OCTOBER 1, 1999/ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE S TECHNOLOGY / NEWS * 4 2 7 A
