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Surface-wettability patterning for distributing highmomentum water jets on porous polymeric substrates Uddalok Sen, Souvick Chatterjee, Pallab Sinha Mahapatra, Ranjan Ganguly, Richard Dodge, Lisha Yu, and Constantine M Megaridis ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b13744 • Publication Date (Web): 05 Jan 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on January 6, 2018
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Surface-wettability patterning for distributing high-momentum water jets on porous polymeric substrates †
Uddalok Sen,
Souvick Chatterjee,
§
Richard Dodge,
†
‡
Pallab Sinha Mahapatra,
Lisha Yu,
§
¶
Ranjan Ganguly,
and Constantine M. Megaridis
∗,†
†Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago,
Chicago, IL 60607, USA ‡Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India ¶Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700098, India §Corporate Research and Engineering, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, WI 54956, USA E-mail:
[email protected] Abstract
Keywords
Liquid jet impingement on porous materials
wettability patterning; jet impingement; non-
is particularly important in many applications
wovens;
of heat transfer, ltration, or in incontinence
hydrophilic; ltration; liquid absorption
incontinence products;
hydrophobic;
products. Generally, it is desired that the liquid not penetrate the substrate at or near the
1
point of jet impact, but rather be distributed over a wider area before reaching the back
Introduction The
side. A facile wettability-patterning technique
orthogonal
encounter
of
a
high-
momentum liquid jet by a horizontal substrate
is presented, whereby a water jet impinging or-
is a well-studied problem in uid dynamics,
thogonally on a wettability-patterned nonwo-
being of practical interest in impinging jet
ven substrate is distributed on the top sur-
heat transfer from heated solid substrates,
face and through the porous matrix, and ul-
in boiling heat transfer,
timately dispensed from prespeci ed points un-
3,4
and when study-
ing the erosion of solid surfaces.
derneath the sample. A systematic approach is
1,2
59
Apart from
solid substrates, orthogonal jet impingement
adopted to identify the optimum design that al-
on porous materials has also been used for heat
lows for a uniform distribution of the liquid on 2 horizontally-mounted substrates of ∼ 50 cm
transfer, ing.
area, with minimal or no spilling over the sam-
10,11
13
boiling heat transfer,
12
and dry-
Nonwovens provide interesting examples of
ple edges at jet ow rates exceeding 1 L/min.
porous substrates.
The eect of the location of jet impingement
As per ISO 9092, a non-
woven is de ned as a manufactured sheet, web
on liquid distribution is also studied, and the
or batt of directionally or randomly oriented
design is observed to perform well even under
bers,
o-set jet impact conditions.
bonded
by
friction,
and/or
cohesion
and/or adhesion, excluding paper and products which are woven, knitted, tufted, stitch-
ACS Paragon Plus Environment 1
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33
bonded, incorporating binding yarns or la-
reviewed by Zhao et al.
ments,
whether or
port that wettability patterning on nonwovens
The bers may be
can lead to interesting and diverse functionali-
or felted by wet-milling,
not additionally needled.
of natural or man-made origin.
Nonwovens
have been used for products in hygiene, tion,
14
agriculture,
and insulation, applications.
15
14
14
apparel,
14
14
removal of lipoprotein from plasma, trochemical sensing,
20
19
23
lar jet impact study was performed by Kouko-
17,18
ravas et al.,
elec-
there was given to the advective cooling of the substrate.
21
In the present work, a wettability-patterning
and cell prolif-
and in boiling heat transfer.
but on impermeable (metal) sub-
strates and much lower jet ow rates; priority
as electrodes for micro-
22
34
for
as leukocyte removal lters,
scaolds for tissue engineering eration,
such wettability-patterned substrates. A simi-
Recent research shows that non-
wovens can be used as sound absorbers,
bial fuel cells,
impingement of a high-momentum liquid jet on
14
as well as in several millitary
16
re-
ties, but no work up to now has considered the
ltra-
automotive,
Existing studies
technique is used to modify a polypropylene-
24
based nonwoven with the goal to improve water
Despite the diversity in the application areas,
spreading on the sample surface upon orthog-
the primary focus of research into nonwovens re-
onal jet impact.
mains the personal hygiene industry.
One of
strate was modi ed in such a way that dierent
the main thrust areas of research is on incon-
hydrophobic and hydrophilic zones, with clearly
tinence products, such as diapers. Diapers are
de ned wettability contrast lines, were laid out.
made by stacking layers of materials on top of
The former areas facilitated lateral spreading of
each other (bonded together by suitable perme-
the uid (by allowing the uid to `glide' over
able adhesives), with the top (acquisition) layer
the substrate, while oering higher resistance
and the next (transport) layer being primarily
to through penetration), while the latter areas
made from nonwoven materials.
25
14
The top surface of the sub-
A reasonable
oered sites for uid absorption into the porous
simulation of diaper function can be the orthog-
matrix (while hindering planar spreading on top
onal impingement of a liquid jet on a nonwoven
of the substrate). Experiments have been per-
substrate. After impingement, the liquid expe-
formed to identify the wettability design for op-
riences orthogonal change of ow direction and
timum liquid distribution on the surface of the
exhibits planar spreading on the top surface of
porous matrix and for uid absorption by it un-
the porous substrate. Naturally, the wettability
der central and o-set orthogonal impact with
of this top surface towards the liquid is of ut-
respect to the center of the pattern. Typical jet
most importance for spreading and distributing
ow rates were of the order of 100
the uid.
some exceeded 1 L/min.
Indeed, researchers
26,27
have tuned
µL/min
and
the wettability of the top surface of such absorbent products in order to maximize the e -
2
cacy in terms of liquid spreading and the ability to keep the top surface (which remains in skin
2.1 Materials
contact) mostly dry. In such examples, the top surface was made to have a uniform wettabil-
The
ity, with no spatial variation on the exposed terrain encountered initially by the liquid.
hy-
